Anions 4 4. Medical search. Frequent questions

The overall homology with human LST-1 was 60.2%, which is the highest among all known organic anion transporters. (nih.gov)
Previous studies have suggested the involvement of organic anion and oligopeptide transporters in membrane transport of β-lactams. (aspetjournals.org)
The objective of the current study was to examine the kinetics of amoxicillin and cefaclor interactions with human renal transporters human organic anion transporter 1 (hOAT1), human peptide transporter 1 (hPepT1), and human peptide transporter 2 (hPepT2) in detail, both as substrates and as inhibitors. (aspetjournals.org)

The urine anion gap is either positive or negative and can be used when the causes of normal anion gap acidosis are unclear. (medscape.com)
A positive urine anion gap is seen in conditions of type 1 and type 2 renal tubular acidosis versus almost every other cause of normal anion gap acidosis (diarrhea). (medscape.com)
with a normal anion gap. (msdmanuals.com)

miniature anion-exchange centrifugation technique for detection of low parasitaemias: adaptation for field use. (cdc.gov)
HCT) [3] or the miniature anion exchange parasite detection test carried out on the centrifugation technique (mAECT) [4]-- seropositive persons. (who.int)

A 3-step approach is used to assess the acid-base disorder: (1) establishment of a primary disturbance, (2) determination of the serum anion gap, and (3) evaluation of compensation. (medscape.com)
The newer autoanalyzers measure a higher serum chloride concentration, which lowers the normal range of the anion gap to 3-9 mEq/L (previously 7-13 mEq/L). Because these machines are not yet universal, it is essential to interpret individual results in the context of the laboratory's reference range. (medscape.com)
The anion gap is the difference between primary measured cations (sodium Na + and potassium K + ) and the primary measured anions (chloride Cl - and bicarbonate HCO3 - ) in serum. (medscape.com)
The normal value for the serum anion gap is 8-16 mEq/L. However, there are always unmeasurable anions, so an anion gap of less than 11 mEq/L using any of the equations listed in Description is considered normal. (medscape.com)
If the urine anion gap is zero or negative but the serum AG is positive, the source is most likely gastrointestinal (diarrhea or vomiting). (medscape.com)
If the anion gap is found to be high, other tests such as urine ketones, serum ketones (beta-hydroxybutyrate), serum lactic acid, urine drug screen, serum drug screen, salicylate level, and creatinine kinase level should also be performed to diagnose the etiology of the anion gap acidosis. (medscape.com)
The following equation is used to calculate the serum anion gap. (medscape.com)

Unfortunately however, no evidence of anion binding could be obtained for the resulting structures due to both stability problems (sequestering of cations by added anions) and intramolecular hydrogen bonding competing with anion binding. (europa.eu)
To produce simple model system having these characteristics, we have designed and synthesised sugar-decorated ligands able to self-assemble into grid-like complexes upon binding with transition metal cations (so-called [2x2] grids, comprising 4 ligands and 4 cations). (europa.eu)
The desired sugar-decorated grid-like complexes have been successfully obtained via two routes: by self-assembly from ligands (4 ligands and 4 zinc cations) and by component self-assembly (simple mixing of fragments of ligands, which combine by means of chemical bonds forming first the desired ligands, which in turn self-assemble into the grid-like complex). (europa.eu)
The influence of cations and anions on the physical properties of the obtained compounds was examined. (znaturforsch.com)
We use protein solubility, static light scattering, dynamic light scattering, and zeta potential measurements to understand the molecular mechanism for RC by polyvalent anions such as pyrophosphate (SPP) and tripolyphosphate (STPP), which have been studied to a smaller degree than the cations. (lu.se)

The project will focus on computational modeling of novel nanostructures (e.g., nanochannels) inside oxide-based electrode materials that allow reversible anion storage at high capacity. (vanderbilt.edu)
Next, we investigate three different alkali-rich sulfides-LiNaFeS₂, LiNaCoS₂, and Li 1.33-1.33z Ti 0.67+0.33zVacz S₂ - to probe the role of electronic and physical structure in governing reversible anion redox. (caltech.edu)

The anion gap measures the difference-or gap-between the negatively charged and positively charged electrolytes in your blood. (medlineplus.gov)
The anion gap blood test shows whether your electrolytes are out of balance or if your blood is too acidic or not acidic enough. (medlineplus.gov)
Herein, we investigated the effects of the solvent structure on the hopping conduction of Li ions in highly concentrated LiBF 4 /sulfone electrolytes. (acs.org)
Raman spectroscopy revealed that a Li + ion forms complexes with sulfone and anions, and contact ion pairs and ionic aggregates are formed in the highly concentrated electrolytes. (acs.org)
Li + exchanges ligands (sulfone and BF 4 - ) rapidly to produce unusual hopping conduction in highly concentrated electrolytes. (acs.org)
We measured the self-diffusion coefficients of Li + ( D Li ), anions ( D anion ), and sulfone solvents ( D sol ) in electrolytes. (acs.org)
Certain errors in collection can interfere with the ions of measured electrolytes that are used to calculate the anion gap. (medscape.com)
To calculate the urine anion gap the urine electrolytes sodium, chloride, and potassium are measured. (medscape.com)

5.1 This test method is applicable to the analysis of new materials that are sold as mixtures and to samples taken from regenerable units containing mixtures of anion-exchanging and cation-exchanging materials. (astm.org)
5.2 This test method is intended for mixtures of ion-exchange materials that have salt-splitting capacity as measured by Test Method E of Test Methods and Practices D2187 for cation-exchange resins, and Test Method H for anion-exchange resins. (astm.org)
It is not necessary that the cation-exchanging resin be in the hydrogen form and the anion-exchanging resin be in the hydroxide form for this test method. (astm.org)
1.1 This test method determines the ratio between the equivalents of anion-exchange capacity and the equivalents of cation-exchange capacity present in a physical mixture of salt-splitting anion-exchange material and salt-splitting cation-exchange material. (astm.org)
The stable phase is highly defective, having 1/3 of the Li sites vacant, while the presence of the OH − anion introduces the possibility of rotational disorder that may be coupled to cation migration. (nist.gov)
The present results suggest that in anti-perovskites and derivative structures, a high cation vacancy concentration combined with the presence of disordered molecular anions can lead to high cation mobility. (nist.gov)
Versatile synthetic route has been developed to novel ligands possessing both cation and anion binding sites. (europa.eu)
In case of the compound [TMG][B(C 6 F 5 ) 4 ] hydrogen-fluorine contacts between cation and anion are present in the solid state. (znaturforsch.com)

Investigation of the Structures and Chemical Bonding of Mn 2 Ge 6 - and Mn 2 Ge 7 - Clusters via Anion Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Theoretical Calculations. (bvsalud.org)
Anion Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Theoretical Studies of Ge 3 n +1 O ( n = 1-3) Clusters with the C 3v Symmetric Ge 3 Structural Unit. (bvsalud.org)
Structural Evolution and Electronic Properties of V 2 Si n -/0 ( n = 7-14) Clusters: Anion Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Theoretical Calculations. (bvsalud.org)

Anion exchanger 1 (AE1), also known as band 3 or SLC4A1, plays a key role in the removal of carbon dioxide from tissues by facilitating the exchange of chloride and bicarbonate across the plasma membrane of erythrocytes. (rcsb.org)
Here we used direct patch-clamp of skin and eye melanosomes to identify a novel chloride-selective anion conductance mediated by OCA2 and required for melanin production. (elifesciences.org)

A prototypical quaternary-ammonium based anion exchange membrane material was the subject of electroanalytical investigations into the processes relevant to the application of anion exchange membranes in fuel cells. (cornell.edu)
Further, during the EQCM measurements, the extent of swelling in the membrane changed ii dynamically in response to the electrochemically driven anion exchange process in the membrane. (cornell.edu)
4. Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis. (routledge.com)
A microdialysis probe equipped with a 5-mm polysulfone (SPS 4005) membrane, with a molecular-weight cut-off of 5 kDa, was used to sample the hydrolysis products of native wheat starch at 90 degrees C. Characteristic fingerprint separations were achieved by anion exchange chromatography after enzymatic hydrolysis. (lu.se)

By the turn of the 20th century, many physicians recognized that patients who are critically ill could exhibit metabolic acidosis unaccompanied by elevation of ketones or other measurable anions. (medscape.com)
When a metabolic acidosis is found, the anion gap should be calculated. (medscape.com)
Unmeasured refers to the fact that these anions are not reported in a standard metabolic panel or ABG but are contributing to the acidosis. (medscape.com)
10 mEq/L). A urine anion gap of more than 20 mEq/L is seen in metabolic acidosis when the kidneys are unable to excrete ammonia (such as in renal tubular acidosis). (medscape.com)
3) Metabolic acidosis with an increase in the anion gap. (who.int)

High-resolution anion photoelectron spectra of cryogenically cooled (Formula presented. (princeton.edu)
of 1.5374(6) eV and 1.9019(4) eV, respectively, while the ADE of a low-lying isomer of (Formula presented. (princeton.edu)

Owing to H … F contacts between hydrogen peroxide and the fluorine substituents of the anion and the resulting activation of H 2 O 2 in solution, the compound [P 4,4,4,14 ][B(C 6 H 3 -3,5-(CF 3 ) 2 ) 4 ] is applicable as an efficient mediator for the oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides. (znaturforsch.com)
PAF induced a moderate release of hydrogen - peroxide and a weak release of superoxide anion. (cdc.gov)
Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is acidosis and electrolyte disturbances due to impaired renal hydrogen ion excretion (type 1), impaired bicarbonate resorption (type 2), or abnormal aldosterone production or response (type 4). (msdmanuals.com)

The formation of the receptor-anion complexes has been supported by UV-vis titration studies and confirmed through binding constant calculations. (beilstein-journals.org)

reported APTSC as selective chemosensor for fluoride ion over other anions [23]. (researchsquare.com)
Increasing research interest on the selective and sensitive detection of anions has enriched the field of anion receptor chemistry with a wide array of design strategies [15-19] . (beilstein-journals.org)

We showed previously that grapefruit and orange juices inhibited human enteric organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP)1A2 in vitro and lowered oral fexofenadine bioavailability clinically. (nih.gov)

AmberChrom ™ 1X8 is a strongly basic anion exchange resin which is used as an absorbent in solid phase extraction. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Choose analytical grade Bio-Rex 5 Resin for intermediate strength anion exchange. (bio-rad.com)

The most common cause of a low anion gap is a low level of albumin , a protein in the blood. (medlineplus.gov)
The initial lysozyme concentration (precipitation) occurs when the polyvalent anions STPP/SPP interact with solvent-exposed basic residues via electrostatics, which neutralize the long-range repulsive interactions between lysozyme molecules and allows protein cross-linking (precipitation) to take place. (lu.se)

The monitoring system used, both in the on- and off-line mode, was based on continuous flow microdialysis sampling (CFMS) coupled to anion exchange chromatography and integrated pulsed electrochemical detection (IPED). (lu.se)

Weak anion exchange is used to retain strongly acidic compounds which are always ionized at any pH. (thomassci.com)
The TSKgel DNA-NPR weak anion exchange column is designed to analyze nucleic acids. (selectscience.net)

N. Tanaka and S. Itoh, "Density Functional Theory Studies on the Addition and Abstraction Reactions of OH Radical with Benzoate Anion," Open Journal of Physical Chemistry , Vol. 3 No. 1, 2013, pp. 7-13. (scirp.org)

The development of new organic receptors for the detection of anions is of key interest to supramolecular chemists owing to the biological and environmental importance of anions [1-7] . (beilstein-journals.org)

The leading role of anions such as fluoride, acetate and phosphate at the physiological level in promoting tooth and bone health, metabolism and genetic transduction has been well established [8-14] . (beilstein-journals.org)
Mouthwash solutions with pleasant taste must be avoided, because they increase both the risk of ingestion and the velocity of fluoride elimination due to salivary flow stimulation 4 . (bvsalud.org)

However, when anionic groups that are not salt-splitting are present, the values for cationic groups will be high due to the acidic character of the anion effluent. (astm.org)
If the anion gap is too high, your blood is more acidic than normal. (medlineplus.gov)
If the anion gap is too low, your blood isn't acidic enough. (medlineplus.gov)
A high anion gap test result may mean that you may have acidosis (blood that is more acidic than normal). (medlineplus.gov)

The addition and abstraction reactions of OH radical with benzoate anion are investigated by density functional theory calculations that include solvent effects using UB3LYP, UCAM-B3LYP, UmPW1PW91 and UM06-2X functionals with the 6-311++G(2d,2p) basis set. (scirp.org)

Several types of medical conditions can cause abnormal anion gap test results. (medlineplus.gov)

In this respect, broadly speaking, aspects of electrocatalysis in alkaline media and phenomena active in hydroxide-conducting anion exchange membranes were explored. (cornell.edu)

Comparing this structure with a substrate-bound structure of the uracil transporter UraA in an inward-facing conformation allowed us to identify the anion-binding position in the AE1(CTD), and to propose a possible transport mechanism that could explain why selected mutations lead to disease. (rcsb.org)

The anion gap represents the "unmeasured" anions in the blood, which are formed from organic acids that have dissociated in blood. (medscape.com)

The limiting factor of urine anion gap equation is that it is valid only if the urine sodium level is less than 20mEq/L. (medscape.com)

X-ray and neutron experiments conducted over the temperature range 20 °C - 200 °C, including diffraction, quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS), maximum entropy method (MEM) analysis, as well as ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations together show conclusively that the high lithium ion conductivity of cubic Li 2 OHCl is correlated to "paddlewheel" rotation of the dynamic OH− anion. (nist.gov)

strongly basic anion. (sigmaaldrich.com)

The anion-exchanging materials in this class are styrene-based materials with quaternary ammonium functional groups. (astm.org)

Perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate are polyatomic anions. (cdc.gov)

Organic anion drugs: may decrease diuretic activity of SOAANZ. (nih.gov)

Urine samples from NHANES 2001-2002 were stored frozen (-70°C) for up to 4 years before analysis. (cdc.gov)

The test method will determine the amount of anion-exchange material of any functionality present in the mixture. (astm.org)
In the present work, anion exchange membranes with high-conductivity were fabricated by aligning ion channels of the polymer electrolyte impregnated in porous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) under electric fields. (rsc.org)
Basic proteins have a net positive charge and repel each other through long-range electrostatics when no counter anions are present. (lu.se)

of [LiBF 4 ]/[cyclic sulfone] = 1/2 is as high as 0.8. (acs.org)
The anion gap (see the Anion Gap calculator) can be defined as low, normal, or high. (medscape.com)

Results from electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that the PXR-retinoid X receptor α heterodimer binds to the DR3-2 with the highest affinity, to the DR3-4 and DR3-1 with a lower affinity, and weakly or not at all to the DR3-3. (aspetjournals.org)

Here we report the crystal structure of the band 3 anion exchanger domain (AE1(CTD)) at 3.5 angstroms. (rcsb.org)
Additional transitions are observed from two low-lying anion isomers: a linear structure and a rhombus. (princeton.edu)

Anatomy8

Organisms1

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs54

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment2

Phenomena and Processes14

Information Science2

Transporters3

Normal anion gap3

Miniature anion-exchange2

Serum7

Cations5

Reversible anion2

Electrolytes8

Cation8

Photoelectron spectroscopy3

Chloride2

Membrane4

Metabolic5

Formula2

Hydrogen3

Complexes1

Selective2

Polypeptide1

Resin2

Protein2

Chromatography1

Weak2

Chemistry1

Detection1

Fluoride2

Acidic4

Radical1

Abnormal1

Hydroxide1

Mechanism1

Organic acids1

Sodium1

Dynamics1

Strongly1

Functional1

Nitrate1

Decrease1

20021

Present3

High2

Affinity1

Structure2