• Once considered a unique feature of vertebrate patterning, components of the retinoic acid (RA) signalling pathway, including both RA and the retinoid (RX) class of receptors, have been found within invertebrate genomes. (europa.eu)
  • Indeed, the Trichoplax pre-synaptic CaV2 channel, which in vertebrate and invertebrate synapses interacts with pre-synaptic scaffolding proteins Mint1 and RIM, lacks the necessary motifs for these interactions. (utoronto.ca)
  • Vast arrays of vertebrate and invertebrate creatures can envenomate humans. (medscape.com)
  • 1 In particular, morpholino oligonucleotides (MOs) have been used to block the expression of targeted genes in several invertebrate and vertebrate models. (cdc.gov)
  • Spatial expression analysis of both genes revealed that Sof-RXR is expressed ubiquitously in all cells of the embryo, including the chondrocytes, whereas Sof-ALDH was expressed only in a sub-set of epithelial cells and no expression at the level of chondrocytes was observed. (europa.eu)
  • A chimera instead contains discrete cell populations with two unique sets of parental genes. (asu.edu)
  • He has performed postdoctoral research at the University of California, San Francisco, where he cloned the human hyaluronidase genes, which are involved in fertilization, embryonic development, and cancer. (howard.edu)
  • Overall, when she began working in this lab with Wieschaus she discovered new ways of working on recombinant DNA and molecular biology with the focus to clone developmentally interesting genes. (wepapers.com)
  • In animal cap explants Fam132b is induced by Etv2/er71, which is known to activate expression of endothelial and hematopoietic genes in this system.Analysis of hematopoietic and vascular marker gene expression in Etv2/er71 expressing animal cap explants using multiplex Nanostring nCounter analysis revealed that Fam132b can enhance endothelial development at the expense of blood cell lineages. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • Both methods have contributed extensively to our current knowledge on the lineage relation of differentiated cells during embryogenesis, the potential of stem cell populations to generate or re-generate missing cell types, and the cell autonomous or non cell autonomous effects of many genes during development and disease. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • In particular, the present invention provides neurogenesis inducing genes coding for Zic proteins, vectors containing such genes, host cells containing such vectors, proteins produced by such host cells, antibodies raised to such proteins, and therapeutic agents or agents for gene therapy for nervous diseases. (justia.com)
  • During differentiation the expression of stem cell specific genes and markers are often lost and cells acquire gene expression profiles of somatic cells or their precursors. (justia.com)
  • Generally, when a stem cell culture is induced to differentiate, the differentiated population is analysed for particular cell types by expression of genes, markers or phenotypic analysis. (justia.com)
  • Methods of inducing differentiation in stem cells and muscle cells produced therefrom may be used for the study of cellular and molecular biology of tissue development, for the discovery of genes and proteins such as differentiation factors that play a role in tissue development and regeneration. (justia.com)
  • Cells become cancerous by accumulating, stepwise, a series of several mutations that alter the function of genes important for cell growth. (agemed.org)
  • The expression patterns suggest that both genes are under the same regulatory control as are the E(spl) bHLH genes and thus, might play a part in Notch mediated cell differentiation. (sdbonline.org)
  • Unlike the other E(spl)-C genes, the gene is expressed within neuronal cells in the embryo. (sdbonline.org)
  • PGCs express several pluripotency-related TFs such as NANOG, POU5F3 , and SOX2 , and their expression controls transcription of germness-related genes in these cells [ 11 , 29 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using mouse models, we discovered that mutations in murine Col4a1 and Col4a2 genes affected the balance between lung epithelial progenitors and differentiated cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Despite significant advances in understanding nephron segment patterning, many questions remain about the underlying genes and signaling pathways that orchestrate renal progenitor cell fate choices and regulate differentiation. (mdpi.com)
  • Our results show that XMeis3 protein knock down also causes a loss of primary neuron and neural crest cell lineages, without altering expression of Zic, Sox or Pax3 genes. (xenbase.org)
  • In the genetic cascade controlling embryonic neural cell specification, XMeis3 lies below general-neuralizing, but upstream of FGF and regional-specific genes. (xenbase.org)
  • Thereafter, dermomyotome-derived mpc clones rapidly expand while some progeny undergo terminal differentiation, leading to stochastic clonal drift within the mpc pool. (ox.ac.uk)
  • RA receptor (RAR)-gamma expression is essential for vertebrate chondrocyte differentiation. (europa.eu)
  • There is an immense functional heterogeneity among stem cell within a population, considering proliferative capacity and differentiation potential. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • We show that TMEM53 acts as an inhibitor of BMP-SMAD signaling by preventing SMAD accumulation in the cell nucleus and that its deficiency enhances osteogenic differentiation by overactivating the BMP signaling pathway. (nature.com)
  • The early process of vertebrate neurogenesis is divided into several basic processes, such as differentiation into the neural plate (neural induction) and formation and maturation of the neural network from the ectoderm. (justia.com)
  • This early process includes occurrence of neural precursor cells, pattern formation of the nervous system, and proliferation and differentiation of neural precursor cells. (justia.com)
  • The present invention relates to methods of inducing differentiation of stem cells. (justia.com)
  • In particular, the invention relates to methods of inducing differentiation of embryonic stem cells into muscle cells or vascular endothelial cells. (justia.com)
  • The process of differentiation in stem cells involves selective development of immature cells to committed and fully mature cells of various lineages. (justia.com)
  • Differentiation of stem cells is known be triggered by various growth factors and regulatory molecules. (justia.com)
  • Whilst differentiation of some lineage specific stem cells can be induced with a degree of certainty, a differentiation outcome of a population of pluripotent stem cells is less predictable. (justia.com)
  • Placing the cells under conditions which induce specific cell types has been one form of an attempt to regulate the differentiation outcome. (justia.com)
  • These conditions include growing the cells to high or low density, changing media, introducing or removing cytokines, hormones and growth factors, creating an environment which suits differentiation toward a specific cell type, such as providing a suitable substrate. (justia.com)
  • The induction of cardiomyocyte differentiation in stem cells is especially useful in developing therapeutic methods and products for heart disease and abnormal heart conditions. (justia.com)
  • However, the molecular pathways that lead to specification and terminal differentiation of specific cell types, such as myocytes, from embryonic stem cells during development are not entirely clear. (justia.com)
  • Therefore there remains a need for providing effective methods of inducing differentiation of stem cells into specific cell types, such as myocytes or endothelial cells. (justia.com)
  • culturing a stem cell in the presence of an embryonic cell and/or extracellular medium of an embryonic cell, under conditions that induce differentiation of the stem cell. (justia.com)
  • In addition, TFs generally initiate and guide cell fate such as lineage progression and control the stability of cell differentiation [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The formation of the mammalian respiratory unit is initiated during the transition between the pseudoglandular and canalicular/saccular stages and is characterized by coordinated proliferation and differentiation of epithelial and mesenchymal cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 1 Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. (jci.org)
  • To address questions of stem cell diversity during skeletal myogenesis, a Brainbow-like genetic cell lineage tracing method, dubbed Musclebow2, was derived by enhancer trapping in zebrafish. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Tissue macrophages are essential components of the immune system that also play key roles in vertebrate development and homeostasis, including in zebrafish, which has gained popularity over the years as a translational model for human disease. (bvsalud.org)
  • Commonly, zebrafish macrophages are identified based on expression of fluorescent transgenic reporters, allowing for real-time imaging in living animals. (bvsalud.org)
  • A complex expression pattern of ESRRs during animal development seems to be consistent with the potential roles for ESRRa during appropriate developmental programs of tissues and organs in mouse and zebrafish 9 . (nature.com)
  • In this report, we used the zebrafish model to examine the role of esrra in cartilage development during vertebrate embryogenesis. (nature.com)
  • In an effort to identify elusive regulators of nephron segmentation, our lab conducted a high-throughput drug screen using a bioactive chemical library and developing zebrafish, which are a conserved vertebrate model and particularly conducive to large-scale screening approaches. (mdpi.com)
  • The MyoD gene was duplicated during the teleost whole genome duplication and, while a second MyoD gene ( MyoD2 ) was subsequently lost from the genomes of some lineages (including zebrafish), many fish lineages (including Alcolapia species) have retained both MyoD paralogues. (mdpi.com)
  • We characterize the activation kinetics of these reagents in vitro and demonstrate their efficacy in zebrafish embryos that express NfsB either ubiquitously or in defined cell populations. (cdc.gov)
  • 16 , 17 In particular, transgenic zebrafish lines that express nfsB in β cells, cardiomyocytes, or other cell types have been established, and their exposure to the metronidazole leads to the targeted loss of these cells. (cdc.gov)
  • In addition, orphan receptors similar to mammalian costimulatory receptors such as CD28 upon the T cell have been reported in fish species ( 6 , 7 ). (aai.org)
  • However, defined identification of APCs has yet to be achieved in lower vertebrates, including fish, due to a lack of basic knowledge of costimulatory ligands in such species. (aai.org)
  • Sequence analysis and axis duplication assays revealed that Fam132b protein sequence and protein function are only weakly conserved in a comparison ofXenopus and other vertebrate species. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • So is clear that this kind of vertebrates shows a great depending relationship between mother-progeny and we can say that these kinds of "animals species" are under a high constraint under an (behavioral, instinct, psychology, neurological aspect). (heraldopenaccess.us)
  • Our stage-specific transcriptome and in situ hybridization analyses show that TLRs are expressed during development in all species analyzed, which indicates a broad role of TLRs during animal development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • His main research interests involve how major groups of animals evolved and is interested in adapting emerging techniques in biotechnology to apply to new species. (stanford.edu)
  • In the present study, we found that ogerin differentially enhances the activation of OGR1 in various animal species. (bioone.org)
  • Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology explores the biological basis of regeneration in diverse animal species and how this knowledge can be applied therapeutically in humans. (cshlpress.com)
  • Not only is this overall arrangement conserved, but the manner in which these axial tissues are produced is similar across vertebrate species. (silverchair.com)
  • however, seroprevalence data ( 5 ) support ics (20%-25% nt sequence divergence), phylogenetic and their susceptibility to infection and warrant consideration evolutionary patterns, epidemiology, human pathogenic- of their potential to serve as vertebrate hosts during epi- zootic transmission. (cdc.gov)
  • If a genetic programme for specifying cartilage cells arose only once during metazoan evolution, elements of a shared molecular fingerprint will be present in both cephalopods and vertebrates, despite their long independent evolutionary history. (europa.eu)
  • Despite its importance, the evolutionary process of the T cell activation system via APCs remains poorly understood because of the lack of an effective model organism in lower vertebrates that could allow one to manipulate leukocytes and to use suitable markers for the identification of APCs. (aai.org)
  • Thus, the evolutionary history of the T cell activation system via APCs remains unclear. (aai.org)
  • However, though BC is emerging as a potential organ transplant option, challenges regarding organ size scalability, immune system incompatibilities, long-term maintenance, potential evolutionary distance, or unveiled mechanisms between donor and host cells remain. (frontiersin.org)
  • A second area of interest to us are the Degenerin/ENaC family of sodium channels (DEG/ENaC), which have undergone significant evolutionary change and genetic expansion in distinct animal lineages. (utoronto.ca)
  • Observing vertebrates evolutionary in mammalian are present characteristic pathways involved in progenytake care in first period after birth. (heraldopenaccess.us)
  • Starting from the evolutionary of vertebrates is possible to verify that mammalians vs. reptile in example show a great characteristic in cooperative behavior, maternal instinct, high mother depending of progeny and other relevant aspects. (heraldopenaccess.us)
  • Breastfeed imply a prolactin and dopaminergic involvement as well as oxytocin, and is an evolutionary advantage towards other vertebrates. (heraldopenaccess.us)
  • We also review the location and molecular characteristics of these putative stem cells, along with their evolutionary conservation in vertebrates and the signalling mechanisms that regulate and arrest axis extension. (silverchair.com)
  • The fugu B7 molecules bound to activated T cells, indicating that putative B7 receptors were expressed upon T cells. (aai.org)
  • These observations indicate that fugu B7s regulate T cell responses via receptors upon T cells. (aai.org)
  • Signals to trigger apoptosis may come from within the cell or from outside, by stimulating suicide receptors in the cell's external membrane. (agemed.org)
  • These potent peptides, which fold into small, highly structured frameworks, largely target ion channels, either voltage- or ligand-gated receptors and transporters in excitable cells. (medscape.com)
  • Mature egg cells are produced by mitotic divisions, and these cells directly develop into embryos. (wikipedia.org)
  • To educate its citizens about research into chimeras made from human and non-human animal cells, the United Kingdom's Human Fertilisation Embryology Authority published the consultation piece Hybrids and Chimeras: A Consultation on the Ethical and Social Implications of Creating Human/Animal Embryos in Research, in 2007. (asu.edu)
  • When two embryos are correctly joined before the 32-cell stage, the embryo will develop normally and exhibit a mosaic pattern of cells as an adult. (asu.edu)
  • These constructs were overexpressed in the endoderm of Xenopus embryos and protein activity was induced before or after specification of endodermal precursor cells. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • Expression cloning was used to identify novel regulators of early embryonic patterning.We indentified Fam132b as a factor that induces hyperdorsalization and secondary axis formation in Xenopus embryos. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • The role of ESRRs during animal development may also be linked to metabolic regulation by which developing embryos meet their high energy demand for growth. (nature.com)
  • HoxD1 is an XMeis3 direct-target gene, and ectopic HoxD1 expression rescues cell fate losses in either XMeis3 or Zic protein knock down embryos. (xenbase.org)
  • Two-cell stage albino embryos were injected unilaterally into the animal hemisphere of one blastomere with 10-20 ng of XMeis3 MO. (xenbase.org)
  • A) Two-cell stage albino embryos were injected unilaterally into the animal hemisphere of one blastomere with 100 pg of RNA encoding the HoxD1 antimorph protein. (xenbase.org)
  • Vertebrate embryos display a highly characteristic spatial patterning of tissues, including the arrangement of the neural tube, the somitic mesoderm and the notochord along the rostrocaudal (head-tail) length of the body axis( Fig. 1 ). (silverchair.com)
  • For example, the European cuttlefish, sepia officinalis, possesses cartilage tissues with an unparalleled histological similarity with vertebrate cartilages. (europa.eu)
  • The presence of these cellular cartilaginous tissues outside the chordate lineage may indicate a common origin of cartilage as a metazoan tissue type (homology), or alternatively highlights constraints that animals face in the construction of internal cellular endoskeletons (convergence). (europa.eu)
  • and b) how do stem cells in different tissues coordinate their functions for the fish to maintain its shape during permanent growth? (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • The tissues of developing organisms can be shaped by apoptosis, a form of regulated cell killing. (elifesciences.org)
  • The major theme will be devoted to describe and analyze the plant ecological adaptations, plant growth and anatomy, Animal dissection, structure and function of tissues, plants and animals diversity. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • This encoded protein is expressed in many tissues, among them skeletal muscle, thymus, B- and T-cells, and may participate in regulating lineage-specific gene expression through the formation of heterodimers with other bHLH E-proteins. (novusbio.com)
  • The formation of new cells, tissues, and organs enables animals to recover from day-to-day wear and tear, injury, and disease. (cshlpress.com)
  • The progressive generation of chick and mouse axial tissues - the spinal cord, skeleton and musculature of the body - has long been proposed to depend on the activity of multipotent stem cells. (silverchair.com)
  • In combination with transgenic organisms, such enzyme-actuated antisense tools will enable gene silencing in specific cell types, including tissues that are not amenable to optical targeting. (cdc.gov)
  • Data derived from cephalopod studies can be used to compare and contrast known mechanisms underlying the development of analogous vertebrate structures. (europa.eu)
  • We are particularly interested in learning how organs can adapt to the changing organismal size , with a focus on the molecular mechanisms for stem cell coordination within and among organs. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • Many studies have investigated germ cell-specific gene promoters to understand their regulatory mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Zahavi and Weiner (2020) reviewed that monoclonal custom antibodies against antigens unique to cancer cells can cause tumor cell death by numerous mechanisms. (conductscience.com)
  • The Hsieh laboratory is a neural stem cell biology laboratory that focuses on 4 major areas: (1) epilepsy-in-a-dish, (2) 3D cerebral organoids, (3) patient recruitment, and (4) mechanisms of adult neurogenesis. (utsa.edu)
  • Clonal behaviour of myogenic precursor cells throughout the vertebrate lifespan. (ox.ac.uk)
  • No evidence of cell-lineage-based clonal fate diversity was obtained. (ox.ac.uk)
  • However, in earlier studies, clonal analysis was restricted by the lack of a cell marker, present at all times, that makes a distinction between the two parental cell types in situ. (asu.edu)
  • By using a quantitative 4D analysis on the stem cells we aim at linking the metabolic state of a stem cell to its future clonal progression in its intact niche. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • Cancer A clonal growth (cells all descended from one ancestral cell) that undergo continuing mitotic divisions and are not inhibited in their growth when they come in contact with neighboring cells (contact inhibition). (agemed.org)
  • CRISPR-Cas9 lineage tracing technologies have emerged as a powerful tool for investigating development in single-cell contexts, but exact reconstruction of the underlying clonal relationships in experiment is plagued by data-related complications. (biorxiv.org)
  • These indel mutations are subsequently inherited by future descendants, and the accumulation of these mutations is used to infer the clonal relationships between the observed cells, stratifying them into clades of increasing resolution. (biorxiv.org)
  • In some types of parthenogenesis the offspring having all of the mother's genetic material are called full clones and those having only half are called half clones. (wikipedia.org)
  • We combine these lines with a living toolkit to study stem cell lineages that relies on the generation of colourful (genetic) mosaics, and we named the toolkit Gaudi after the famous spanish architect. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • Historically, lineage analysis in vertebrates was performed on entire populations of cells using either transplantation approaches or genetic tools like Cre/LoxP mediated recombination. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • Generation of a Lineage II Powassan Virus (Deer Tick Virus) cDNA Clone: Assessment of Flaviviral Genetic Determinants of Tick and Mosquito Vector Competence. (cdc.gov)
  • A germ cell-specific gene regulatory network is required to maintain the unique properties of primordial germ cells (PGCs) for transmission of genetic information to the next generation [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We focus our attention on three families of transcription factors that are known to have roles in vertebrate chondrogenesis: Sox and the Ant- and Prd- class families of the homeodomain proteins. (europa.eu)
  • We use in the lab the Gaudi toolkit , which is largely based on brainbow constructs (Livet et al , Nature 2007) - a mutually exclusive combination of fluorescent proteins that will be stochastically assigned to each cell and inherited by its progeny. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • Analyses of the molecular pathophysiology using the primary cells from the Tmem53 -/- mice and the TMEM53 knock-out cell lines indicates that TMEM53 inhibits BMP signaling in osteoblast lineage cells by blocking cytoplasm-nucleus translocation of BMP2-activated Smad proteins. (nature.com)
  • created 'undead' cells in which one of these proteins was turned on, but other downstream proteins (that are responsible for the cellular execution phase of apoptosis) had been turned off: these cells were undergoing apoptosis, but could not complete the process and die. (elifesciences.org)
  • Internal signals producing apoptosis depend on interactions of several proteins and may serve to protect the organism from cancer by killing cells that have pre-cancerous changes. (agemed.org)
  • Activation domains influence the way proteins interact with the trancription apparatus of the cell (Dawson, 1995). (sdbonline.org)
  • Phylogenetic trees are routinely constructed to describe the developmental relationships within sets of extant taxa such as different organisms, proteins, or single cells. (biorxiv.org)
  • Xenopus Meis3 protein lies at a nexus downstream to Zic1 and Pax3 proteins, regulating multiple cell-fates during early nervous system development. (xenbase.org)
  • In animals, parthenogenesis means development of an embryo from an unfertilized egg cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • Embryonic stem (ES) cells are derived from the embryo and are pluripotent, thus possessing the capability of developing into any organ, cell type or tissue type. (justia.com)
  • This process gets rid of unneeded cells and is particularly important for "sculpting" tissue and organ structure during development of the embryo (or larval metamorphosis in insects), but may occur at any time even in adult cells when a tissue needs to be remodeled. (agemed.org)
  • Several of these lines have also proven instrumental to isolate pure populations of macrophages in the developing embryo and larvae using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). (bvsalud.org)
  • In the developing lung, the specific temporal-spatial interactions between mesenchymal and epithelial cells are carefully orchestrated to permit the gradual establishment of an effective blood-gas barrier (BGB) [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Beside PGC1a/b, ESRRa has been shown to potentiate a metabolic syndrome by acting downstream of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) 7 and also promotes hypoxic adaptation of cancer cells by stabilizing hypoxia inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1-a) from degradation 8 . (nature.com)
  • SSCs are adult-tissue stem cells in the mammalian testis that balance self renewing and differentiating fate decisions to give rise to and sustain the entire spermatogenic lineage. (utsa.edu)
  • Fugu B7-H1/DC inhibited T cell proliferation concomitant with increasing levels of both IL-10 and IFN-γ expression, whereas both B7-H3 and B7-H4 promoted T cell growth following IL-2 induction and the suppression of IL-10. (aai.org)
  • If its expression is reduced by a morpholino, more endomesoderm cells become pigment and other mesenchymal cell types, less gut is specified, and the larva has no mouth. (biologists.com)
  • Chimeric recombination experiments in which veg2, veg1 or ectoderm cells contained foxa MASO show which region of foxa expression controls each of the three functions. (biologists.com)
  • Therefore, regulation of NANOG expression plays a critical role in determining the fate of pluripotent cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Despite its cellular simplicity (five pairs of neurons), the MG exhibits conservation of transcription factor expression with the spinal cord of vertebrates. (biologists.com)
  • We first test the capacity of an I-SceI transgenesis system to drive ubiquitous or regionalized gene expression, and to label specific cell types. (stanford.edu)
  • Taken together, our results indicate for the first time that ESRRa is essential for cartilage development by regulating sox9 expression during vertebrate development. (nature.com)
  • Western Blot: TCF-12/HTF4 Antibody (2E9) [H00006938-M01] - TCF12 monoclonal antibody (M01), clone 2E9 Analysis of TCF12 expression in Jurkat. (novusbio.com)
  • Knock down or inhibition of the Pax3 , Zic1 or Zic5 protein activities extinguishes embryonic expression of the XMeis3 gene, as well as triggering the loss of hindbrain , neural crest and primary neuron cell fates. (xenbase.org)
  • In mammals, professional APCs induce adaptive immunity via the activation of T cells. (aai.org)
  • In mammals, APCs induce adaptive immunity that in turn activates T cell responses ( 1 ). (aai.org)
  • In fish, a variety of specific immune responses such as acute allograft rejection indicate that T cells are involved in these immune activities in a similar manner to those of mammals ( 3 ). (aai.org)
  • In adult mammals, the number of newly generated cells match the number of lost cells, so they exhibit a fixed organismal size despite of massive stem cell proliferation. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • found that TNF is produced by apoptotic cells in hair follicles, and that blocking TNF inhibits the death of other cells in the same cohort: this suggests that a common mechanism could regulate the communal death of cells in flies and mammals. (elifesciences.org)
  • In collaboration with mathematicians, we focus on how many stem cells and stem cell types are required to setting up a functional organ during embryogenesis and in an already developed organism. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • One area of interest are the voltage-gated calcium (CaV) channels, where in humans and most animals, CaV1 channels drive excitation-dependent muscle contraction, CaV2 drive pre-synaptic exocytosis, and CaV3 regulate the electrical properties of excitable cells. (utoronto.ca)
  • In addition we have investigated components of the retinoic acid and hedgehog signalling pathways, both of which have relevant roles in vertebrate chondrogenesis. (europa.eu)
  • During this process, B7 family molecules present upon APCs are known to play crucial roles in optimal T cell stimulation. (aai.org)
  • The contributors discuss the dramatic molecular and cellular changes that occur when a regeneration program is initiated, the progenitor cells and morphogenic signals involved, the formation of a blastema, the roles of reprogramming and polyploidy, the diversity of cell fates, the integration of new structures with existing body parts, and our current understanding of why some structures are more resistant to regeneration than others. (cshlpress.com)
  • However, more direct evidence using an animal model is necessary to demonstrate the in vivo role of ESRRa in chondrocyte development. (nature.com)
  • Permanent growth in fish depends on stem cells, and in the lab we are mainly interested in two topics: a) are the same individual stem cells driving growth and maintaining homeostasis? (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • We follow stem cell derived lineages in different organs to learn whether fish use the same stem cells to maintain homeostasis replacemente and to drive growth, or if they have dedicated populations for each feature. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • Discuss animal diversity, structure and function particularly those regulating the animal life and homeostasis. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • Although the ecology of ornithophilic mosquito vector, Culiseta melanura , in fresh- vectors and vertebrate hosts for NA EEEV has been well water swamp habitats. (cdc.gov)
  • EEEV strains that America suggest that enzootic and/or epizootic EEEV circulate in North America and the Caribbean (NA EEEV, transmission may involve ectothermic hosts (e.g., reptiles lineage I) are distinguishable from those that circulate in and amphibians) and herpetophilic mosquito vectors ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The Flavivirus genus comprises a diverse group of viruses that utilize a wide range of vertebrate hosts and arthropod vectors. (cdc.gov)
  • My particular research interests within the RHOI are the reconstruction of equid and suid lineages within Africa, their paleoecologic contexts, and their phylogenetic and biogeographic relationships to Eurasian lineages. (howard.edu)
  • Although TLRs are widespread in animals, detailed phylogenetic studies of this gene family are lacking. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Overall, this work provides a first theoretical analysis of phylogenetic reconstruction in the CRISPR-Cas9 lineage tracing technology. (biorxiv.org)
  • While all three clades radiated in several spiralian lineages, specific TLRs clades have been presumably lost in other lineages. (biomedcentral.com)
  • First, convergent evolution (or homoplasy) events can occur whereby the cells might appear to be incorrectly related to each other because the same indel occurs in unrelated clades. (biorxiv.org)
  • Chagas disease originated millions of years ago as an enzootic infection of wild animals and began to be transmitted to humans as an anthropozoonosis when man invaded wild ecotopes. (scielo.br)
  • Trichoplax adhaerens is an early-diverging seawater animal that lacks muscle, synapses and a nervous system, and yet is capable of motile behaviors including feeding, phototaxis and chemotaxis. (utoronto.ca)
  • Following his PhD. he worked as a Miller Fellow at UC Berkeley working on the origin of chordates focussing on the evolution of the vertebrate central nervous system, first in Mike Levine's lab, then with John Gerhart and Marc Kirschner from Harvard. (stanford.edu)
  • Thus, XMeis3 protein is positioned at a key regulatory point, simultaneously regulating multiple neural cell fates during early vertebrate nervous system development. (xenbase.org)
  • Many cell fate decisions in higher animals are based on intercellular communication governed by the Notch signaling pathway. (sdbonline.org)
  • Student projects in my lab will revolve around cell-fate decisions in Spermatogonial Stem Cells (SSC). (utsa.edu)
  • Detailed lineage analysis and fate-mapping studies have revealed that subdomains exist within these primordia. (silverchair.com)
  • We have generated several transgenic lines to explore how neuromasts are created after embryonic development (Development 144, 687-697), which are their cells of origin and which and how they integrate the signals from the environment to trigger organ formation. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • AiA provides a mechanism to explain cohort behavior of dying cells that is seen both in normal development and under pathological conditions. (elifesciences.org)
  • This occurs frequently in animal development: in human fetuses, for example, cells in the hand are directed to die to remove webbing between the fingers. (elifesciences.org)
  • Cell culture propagation of ZIKV could significantly affect animal model development and vaccine efficacy studies. (cdc.gov)
  • Identify the different processes and stages that occur during animal development. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • This volume is therefore essential reading for molecular, cell, and developmental biologists studying regeneration in animals, as well as for all interested in the development of regenerative therapies for clinical application. (cshlpress.com)
  • Chimeras are organisms that contain two or more genetically distinct cell lines. (asu.edu)
  • When cells-but not DNA-from two or more genetically distinct individuals combine to form a new individual, the result is called a chimera. (asu.edu)
  • Apoptosis is a distinct form of programmed cell death in which cells activate an intrinsic suicide program to self-destruct. (elifesciences.org)
  • This short-range relay is distinct from the patterning of the vertebrate spinal cord, which is a result of opposing BMP and Shh morphogen gradients. (biologists.com)
  • As an assistant Professor in the Department of Anatomy at Howard University, Dr. Csoka is developing animal models of progeria, studying the role of nuclear lamina dysfunction in human aging, and investigating the potential of induced pluripotent stem cells, cellular reprogramming and epigenetic rejuvenation for the treatment of age-related diseases. (howard.edu)
  • Develop a biological knowledge base common to contemporary biologists, encompassing microscopy, cell structure, cellular membranes, and nucleic acids biology. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • Recent progress in CRISPR-Cas9 based lineage tracing technologies now enables the inference of cellular lineage relationships in more complex organisms where visual observation is not possible. (biorxiv.org)
  • Cellular immunology, T cell immunity, autoimmune diseases: The immune system plays a fundamental role in the defense against microbial pathogens. (utsa.edu)
  • Finally, a mis-tuned "Cas9 editing rate" - the rate at which Cas9 induces heritable mutations used for lineage tracing - can lead to scenarios where there is a lack of mutation information sufficient for discerning relationships between cells. (biorxiv.org)
  • It is shown that, after initial formation of the primary myotome, at least 15 muscle precursor cells (mpcs) seed each somite, where they proliferate but contribute little to muscle growth prior to hatching. (ox.ac.uk)
  • My lab is interested in understanding stem cells, a fascinating type of cell that can self-renew and is responsible to generate once and again the cells that we humans (and most other animals) lose on daily basis - skin cells, blood cells, intestine cells. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • Why do two neighbour stem cells behave so different? (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • We are tackling functional heterogeneities on somatic stem cells by combining metabolic reporters in vivo with lineage progression. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • Stem cells are undifferentiated cells which can give rise to a succession of mature functional cells. (justia.com)
  • In particular, the induction of stem cells to differentiate into muscle cells (myocytes) is useful for muscle transplantation and therapeutic purposes, as well as providing potential human disease models in culture (e.g. for testing pharmaceuticals). (justia.com)
  • NANOG is a core transcription factor (TF) in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and primordial germ cells (PGCs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • 1 Institute for Stem Cell Research and MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine,University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JQ,UK. (silverchair.com)
  • Here, we evaluate evidence for the existence and multipotency of axial stem cells. (silverchair.com)
  • This laboratory pursues several lines of investigation to understand how T cells contribute to autoimmune diseases and protection from infection, and how to modulate T cell immunity for therapeutic purposes in humans. (utsa.edu)
  • Strong induction of apoptosis in one compartment of the Drosophila wing disc causes apoptosis of cells in the other compartment, indicating that dying cells can release long-range death factors. (elifesciences.org)
  • Apoptotic cells can produce signals to instruct cells in their local environment, including ones that stimulate engulfment and proliferation. (elifesciences.org)
  • Although this process can occur in individual cells, apoptotic signals may also dictate the 'communal death' of many cells simultaneously. (elifesciences.org)
  • Apoptosis has been thought to resemble a form of silent suicide by cells, but more recent work suggests that apoptotic cells can also transmit signals. (elifesciences.org)
  • Only more recently has it become clear that apoptotic cells are the source of signals that can have profound effects on their neighbors. (elifesciences.org)
  • In adulthood, early-marked mpc clones label stable blocks of tissue comprising a significant fraction of either epaxial or hypaxial somite. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We identified a novel mode of communication by which apoptotic cells induce additional apoptosis in the same tissue. (elifesciences.org)
  • Strikingly, undead cells in the posterior (back) region of the wing imaginal disc-the tissue in the larva that gives rise to the wing in the adult fruit fly-could trigger apoptosis in cells in the anterior (front) half. (elifesciences.org)
  • ZO-2 and ZO-3 are ubiquitously expressed within epithelial tight junctions, and unlike ZO-1, which is also expressed at cell junctions of cardiac myocytes, ZO-2 is not expressed in nonepithelial tissue. (thermofisher.com)
  • The postcranial axis (i.e. tissue caudal to the head) is then generated over an extended period in a rostral-to-caudal sequence by cells that are derived from the primitive streak and the adjacent epiblast cells, which together eventually form the tail bud. (silverchair.com)
  • In this report, a cDNA clone of a flavivirus that is transmitted between ticks and vertebrates (Powassan lineage II, deer tick virus [DTV]) was generated and chimeric viruses between the mosquito/vertebrate flavivirus, West Nile virus (WNV), were constructed. (cdc.gov)
  • Recombinant chimeric viruses rescued from cDNAs were characterized for their capacity to grow in vertebrate and arthropod (mosquito and tick) cells as well as for in vivo vector competence in mosquitoes and ticks. (cdc.gov)
  • RA signalling in vertebrates is important for axial patterning of all germ layers, including involvement in the formation of cartilage and excessive exposure to RA from the environment often leads to morphological defects particularly evident in the skeleton. (europa.eu)
  • Furthermore, we have discovered a set of acid-activated channels (ASIC-like), previously thought to only exist in chordates and other deuterostome animals, that lack key amino acid determinants and hence evolved this gating capacity independently. (utoronto.ca)
  • The genus includes viruses that are transmitted solely by mosquitoes or vertebrate hosts as well as viruses that alternate transmission between mosquitoes or ticks and vertebrates. (cdc.gov)
  • In any case, the respective cell types may then be selectively cultured to enrich their percentage population to eventually obtain a single cell type and culture. (justia.com)
  • NfsB is a dimeric flavoprotein enzyme that has broad electron acceptor specificity 15 and has been used in conjunction with prodrugs to selectively ablate cells in vertebrates. (cdc.gov)
  • Antibody reactivity against recominant protein and cell lysate for WB. (novusbio.com)
  • Categorize the major groups of plants and animals and know their taxonomy, structures, ecology and adaptations in relation to the habitats. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • Animals were transported directly to the BioSafety data demonstrate that wild birds, rodents, marsupials, and Level 3 facility at the University of Texas Medical Branch, reptiles are susceptible to infection ( 6 , 10 - 12 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Typically, these technologies start by engineering a single progenitor cell with artificial transcribed recording sites that accumulate stable insertions or deletions ("indels") as a result of repair of Cas9 double-stranded breaks. (biorxiv.org)
  • Fusion of cells from separate early-marked clones occurs in regions of clone overlap. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Functionally, despite ~600 million years of divergence from other animal homologues, the cloned Trichoplax CaV channels exhibit core, defining electrophysiological/biophysical features when expressed in vitro. (utoronto.ca)
  • however, a primary vertebrate of these viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • Oncolytic viruses have an inherent or acquired selectivity to replicate exclusively in tumor cells, ultimately destroying them. (helsinki.fi)
  • His thesis was on imaginal disc cells. (wepapers.com)
  • when Eiger was absent from posterior cells in the wing imaginal disc, apoptosis in anterior cells ceased, indicating that Eiger might signal at long range. (elifesciences.org)
  • The invention also includes cells, cell lines, testing models and culture systems used in the methods of the present invention and differentiated cells produced therefrom. (justia.com)
  • The present invention also provides methods of using the differentiated cells of the present invention for therapeutic purposes. (justia.com)
  • Animals sexually derived from the fusion of gametes from two different organisms, such as mules, are considered "hybrids. (frontiersin.org)
  • On the other hand, a chimera is defined as an organism in which cells from two or more different organisms have contributed. (frontiersin.org)