• The oxidation of aniline has been heavily investigated, and can result in reactions localized at nitrogen or more commonly results in the formation of new C-N bonds. (wikipedia.org)
  • The oxidation of aniline has been carefully investigated. (wikidoc.org)
  • Many analogues and derivatives of aniline are known where the phenyl group is further substituted. (wikipedia.org)
  • Many derivatives of aniline can be prepared similarly. (wikidoc.org)
  • Consisting of a phenyl group (−C6H5) attached to an amino group (−NH2), aniline is the simplest aromatic amine. (wikipedia.org)
  • The amino group in aniline is flatter (i.e., it is a "shallower pyramid") than that in an aliphatic amine, owing to conjugation of the lone pair with the aryl substituent. (wikipedia.org)
  • Like other amines, aniline is both a base (pKaH = 4.6) and a nucleophile, although less so than structurally similar aliphatic amines. (wikipedia.org)
  • Aromatic amines such as aniline are generally much weaker bases than aliphatic amines. (wikidoc.org)
  • Aniline combines directly with alkyl iodides to form secondary and tertiary amines. (wikidoc.org)
  • Aniline can alternatively be prepared from ammonia and phenol derived from the cumene process. (wikipedia.org)
  • Potassium permanganate in neutral solution oxidizes it to nitrobenzene , in alkaline solution to azobenzene , ammonia and oxalic acid , in acid solution to aniline black. (wikidoc.org)
  • Although aniline is weakly basic, it precipitates zinc , aluminium and ferric salts, and on warming expels ammonia from its salts. (wikidoc.org)
  • Because an early source of the benzene from which they are derived was coal tar, aniline dyes are also called coal tar dyes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Aniline can be diazotized to give a diazonium salt, which can then undergo various nucleophilic substitution reactions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Aniline and its ring-substituted derivatives react with nitrous acid to form diazonium salts . (wikidoc.org)
  • In aniline, the C−N bond length is 1.41 Å, compared to the C−N bond length of 1.47 Å for cyclohexylamine, indicating partial π-bonding between C(aryl) and N. The length of the chemical bond of C(aryl)−NH2 in anilines is highly sensitive to substituent effects. (wikipedia.org)
  • Like phenols , aniline derivatives are highly susceptible to electrophilic substitution reactions. (wikidoc.org)
  • The resulting nitrobenzene is then treated with hydrogen gas, typically at 600 °C in presence of a nickel catalyst to give aniline, this conversion being called hydrogenation . (wikidoc.org)
  • Chromic acid converts it into quinone , while chlorates , in the presence of certain metallic salts (especially of vanadium ), give aniline black . (wikidoc.org)
  • Aniline reacts with carboxylic acids [1] or more readily with acyl chlorides such as acetyl chloride to give amides . (wikidoc.org)
  • Industrial aniline production involves two steps. (wikipedia.org)
  • Likewise, it is also prone to oxidation: while freshly purified aniline is an almost colorless oil, exposure to air results in gradual darkening to yellow or red, due to the formation of strongly colored, oxidized impurities. (wikipedia.org)
  • The nitrobenzene is then hydrogenated (typically at 200-300 °C) in the presence of metal catalysts: The reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline was first performed by Nikolay Zinin in 1842, using sulfide salts (Zinin reaction). (wikipedia.org)
  • Compared with New York State incidence, the bladder cancer risk was 6.5 times higher for workers considered to have definite exposure to ortho-toluidine and aniline, and 4 times higher for workers with possible exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • Consisting of a phenyl group (−C6H5) attached to an amino group (−NH2), aniline is the simplest aromatic amine. (wikipedia.org)
  • Aromatic amines such as aniline are generally much weaker bases than aliphatic amines. (wikidoc.org)
  • o-Toluidine (OT), an aromatic amine, was the prime suspect agent. (nih.gov)
  • Aniline, another aromatic amine, was present at comparable concentrations and is known to be an animal carcinogen but produced lower levels in post-shift urine and of hemoglobin adducts than OT in a group of workers. (nih.gov)
  • Exposure to o-toluidine, aniline, and nitrobenzene in a rubber chemical manufacturing plant: a retrospective exposure assessment update. (cdc.gov)
  • The nitrobenzene is then hydrogenated (typically at 200-300 °C) in the presence of metal catalysts: The reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline was first performed by Nikolay Zinin in 1842, using sulfide salts (Zinin reaction). (wikipedia.org)
  • The reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline was also performed as part of reductions by Antoine Béchamp in 1854, using iron as the reductant (Bechamp reduction). (wikipedia.org)
  • The resulting nitrobenzene is then treated with hydrogen gas, typically at 600 °C in presence of a nickel catalyst to give aniline, this conversion being called hydrogenation . (wikidoc.org)
  • Potassium permanganate in neutral solution oxidizes it to nitrobenzene , in alkaline solution to azobenzene , ammonia and oxalic acid , in acid solution to aniline black. (wikidoc.org)
  • Many analogues and derivatives of aniline are known where the phenyl group is further substituted. (wikipedia.org)
  • Many derivatives of aniline can be prepared similarly. (wikidoc.org)
  • Like phenols , aniline derivatives are highly susceptible to electrophilic substitution reactions. (wikidoc.org)
  • Aniline and its ring-substituted derivatives react with nitrous acid to form diazonium salts . (wikidoc.org)
  • As additives to rubber, aniline derivatives such as phenylenediamine and diphenylamine, are antioxidants. (cargohandbook.com)
  • Likewise, it is also prone to oxidation: while freshly purified aniline is an almost colorless oil, exposure to air results in gradual darkening to yellow or red, due to the formation of strongly colored, oxidized impurities. (wikipedia.org)
  • Aniline is colorless, but it slowly oxidizes and resinifies in air, giving a red-brown tint to aged samples. (cargohandbook.com)
  • Because an early source of the benzene from which they are derived was coal tar, aniline dyes are also called coal tar dyes. (wikipedia.org)
  • A large class of dyes made from aniline. (cargohandbook.com)
  • Aniline (from Portuguese anil 'indigo shrub', and -ine indicating a derived substance) is an organic compound with the formula C6H5NH2. (wikipedia.org)
  • The principal use of aniline in the dye industry is as a precursor to indigo, the blue of blue jeans. (cargohandbook.com)
  • Monomethyl and dimethyl aniline are colourless liquids prepared by heating aniline, aniline hydro-chloride and methyl alcohol in an autoclave at 220 °C. They are of great importance in the colour industry. (wikidoc.org)
  • Originally the great commercial value of aniline was due to the readiness with which it yields, directly or indirectly, dyestuffs . (wikidoc.org)
  • Ships have been put to very great expense in freeing holds of the taint of Aniline Oil, entire compartments having had to be scrubbed with soap and water. (cargohandbook.com)