There are several different kinds of benign renal tumors, which may originate from a wide range of cell types. (pediagenosis.com)
Solid renal tumors, however, are generally malignant, with the probability of malignancy strongly correlating with tumor size. (pediagenosis.com)
Some of the more common and well-documented benign renal tumors are presented here. (pediagenosis.com)
Oncocytomas account for approxmately 5% of renal tumors in adults. (pediagenosis.com)
Like other renal tumors, AMLs are often discovered as incidental findings on axial imaging. (pediagenosis.com)
Less commonly, the tumors may cause flank pain, hematuria, and a palpable abdominal mass. (pediagenosis.com)
Fat-poor tumors that cannot be confidently distinguished from renal cell carcinoma should also be removed. (pediagenosis.com)
Renal masses are a biologically heterogeneous group of tumors, ranging from benign masses, to indolent cancers that behave in a benign fashion, and finally, extremely aggressive and deadly cancers. (ahrq.gov)
1,2 The true incidence of renal masses (including benign lesions) is unknown, but benign lesions comprise approximately 20% of surgically resected tumors. (ahrq.gov)
No test is effective at screening for renal cell carcinoma, and most tumors are detected incidentally during an evaluation for unrelated or non-specific complaints. (ahrq.gov)
Larger or central tumors are more likely to be invasive, but small peripheral tumors may also be invasive. (ahrq.gov)
Renal oncocytomas are slow-growing tumors that tend to be small, unilateral, and asymptomatic. (medscape.com)
Oncocytosis is a rare condition characterized by multiple oncocytic tumors with histologic features, including renal oncocytoma, hybrid oncocytic tumor, and, occasionally, chromophobe RCC. (medscape.com)
Unfortunately, different renal tumors can have similar histologic features, making differential diagnostics challenging. (medscape.com)
The classification of epithelial tumors of the kidney has in particular undergone substantial progress in the last two decades with major contributions from genetic typing of renal cell carcinomas (RCCs). (abdominalkey.com)
The role of genotyping and ancillary tools, in particular immunohistochemistry, in correctly classifying these tumors is highlighted in the section on Renal Cell Carcinoma. (abdominalkey.com)
More than 80% of renal tumors of childhood are Wilms tumor (nephroblastoma) ( 1 , 2 ). (abdominalkey.com)
All kidney tumors are categorized as either cystic masses or solid masses. (upnt.com)
These tumors corresponds to renal cell carcinoma (RCC) stage T1a. (e-urol-sci.com)
[3] These benign tumors are mostly identified as oncocytoma, followed by angiomyolipoma and atypical cysts and various other rarely-occurring tumors of different pathologies. (e-urol-sci.com)
Although renal tumors are primarily detected on various imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or ultrasound, they do not offer a definitive diagnosis. (e-urol-sci.com)
Cell carcinomas2
Biopsies, however, are also unreliable because oncocytoma-like areas can be found in chromophobe renal cell carcinomas. (pediagenosis.com)
The presence of fat, however, is not pathognomonic for AML, since certain primary renal sarcomas (such as liposarcoma) and rare renal cell carcinomas may also contain fat. (pediagenosis.com)
Neoplasms4
Angiomyolipoma (AML) of classic type are benign mesenchymal neoplasms composed of blood vessels, smooth muscle, and adipose tissue. (pediagenosis.com)
Oncocytoma is the most common benign solid renal tumor and accounts for 3-7% of all primary renal neoplasms. (medscape.com)
Papillary adenomas are also benign renal neoplasms, but they arise from the renal tubular epithelium and almost always are located within the cortex. (medscape.com)
Imaging characteristics of oncocytoma and RCC overlap, and differentiating an oncocytoma from an RCC and other solid renal neoplasms is not always possible with ultrasonography, CT scanning, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). (medscape.com)
Masses7
Thus most solid masses are surgically removed, with the final diagnosis rendered only after histopathologic examination. (pediagenosis.com)
AMLs can often be distinguished from other renal masses using computed tomography (CT) because their fat content causes them to appear as hypoattenuating lesions (less than 20 Hounsfield units). (pediagenosis.com)
All solid renal masses and cystic lesions with solid components are suspicious for renal cell carcinoma. (ahrq.gov)
1, 19-21 In addition, all current standard imaging modalities (CT, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound) are able to provide insight into whether renal masses are localized or locally advanced, thus suggesting pathologic aggressiveness. (ahrq.gov)
Between 1992 and 2005 a total of 1042 patients underwent partial or radical nephrectomy for renal masses at the Department of Urology of the University of Regensburg. (biomedcentral.com)
Small renal masses (SRM) are defined as contrast-enhancing solid masses detected on diagnostic imaging, with a size of less than or equal to 4cm, corresponding to renal cell carcinoma stage T1a. (e-urol-sci.com)
Small renal masses (SRM) are defined as contrast-enhancing solid masses detected on abdominopelvic imaging, with a size of ≤4 cm. (e-urol-sci.com)
Chromophobe2
As a result of variations in its classic appearance, difficulty in standardizing diagnostic criteria, and entities that mimic oncocytoma, such as eosinophilic variant chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and succinate dehydrogenase-deficient RCC, pathologic diagnosis remains a challenge. (medscape.com)
With more than 95% confidence, the nested pattern, myxoid stroma, granular cytoplasm, and round nuclei are likely indicative of renal oncocytoma, whereas varying nuclear size, raisinoid nuclei, and reticular cytoplasm indicate a higher likelihood of chromophobe RCC. (medscape.com)
Infrequently, oncocytoid RCC occurring after neuroblastoma and epithelioid angiomyolipoma should be included in the differential diagnosis. (medscape.com)
Oncocytoma1
Thus even a suspected oncocytoma is generally treated like a renal cell carcinoma, with the definitive diagnosis established only after surgical resection of the entire mass. (pediagenosis.com)
Lesions1
This technique assists in detection and localization of the tumor, and CT scanning may help in characterizing the mass, especially if fat-containing lesions (eg, angiomyolipomas) are present. (medscape.com)
RCCs1
Large oncocytomas are rare and can be difficult to distinguish from RCCs on the basis of clinical findings or imaging characteristics alone. (medscape.com)
Tumor4
The tumor is usually circumscribed by a pseudocapsule formed of compressed renal and perirenal tissues. (abdominalkey.com)
A tumor may also be referred to as a "mass," "lesion," "neoplasm" or "cyst. (upnt.com)
[6] Therefore, renal mass biopsy (RMB) is necessary to assess the histological type of the tumor, as well as to guide treatment decisions of SRMs. (e-urol-sci.com)
However, if a tumor is identified as predominantly cystic mass, SRMs originating in the collecting system, or a clinical suspicion for urothelial cancer, ASCO recommends against a biopsy. (e-urol-sci.com)
Computed tomography1
Computed tomography (CT) scanning of the abdomen, combined with intravenous administration of iodinated contrast medium, is the examination of choice and the best modality for evaluating a solid renal mass. (medscape.com)
Vein6
The renal veins drain the kidneys in a similar distribution, and the renal vein is generally anterior to the renal artery at the hilum. (medscape.com)
The left renal vein is longer than the right as it crosses the midline to reach the inferior vena cava (IVC). (medscape.com)
Generally, the left gonadal vein drains into the left renal vein inferiorly, while the left suprarenal vein drains into the superior aspect of the renal vein at approximately the same level. (medscape.com)
Posteriorly, the left second lumbar vein typically drains into the left renal vein as well. (medscape.com)
The left renal vein then crosses under the origin of the superior mesenteric artery to reach the IVC. (medscape.com)
On the right side, the renal vein and gonadal vein drain separately and directly into the IVC. (medscape.com)
Originate1
Renal pelvic and superior ureteric branches also originate from the renal artery and supply the upper portion of the collecting system (see the image below). (medscape.com)
Partial1
These range from conventional radical approaches such as radical nephrectomy, partial nephrectomy, to more conservative approaches such as active surveillance, and some novel emerging management strategies such as various thermal ablation techniques. (e-urol-sci.com)
The cut surface is typically solid, soft, and gray or pink, with a texture and appearance resembling brain tissue. (abdominalkey.com)
Represents3
4 While renal cell carcinoma only represents 2% of adult cancers, it is among the most lethal, with approximately 35% of patients dying within 5 years of diagnosis. (ahrq.gov)
Once the filtrate gets to the collecting ducts in the medulla of the kidney, they converge to a renal papilla, which represents the tip or apex of the renal pyramid. (medscape.com)
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common renal parenchymal malignancy and represents 3% - 6% of all adult malignancies [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Adults1
Sporadic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is rare in young adults. (biomedcentral.com)
Metastatic2
8 However, the deaths due to renal cell carcinoma are driven by the failure of systemic treatments in metastatic (later stage) patients. (ahrq.gov)
[1] According to the American Urological Association (AUA) guidelines, the most important indication for RMB is a mass suspicious of hematologic, metastatic, inflammatory, or infectious nature. (e-urol-sci.com)
Contrast2
Percutaneous renal mass sampling is offered as a diagnostic adjunct to traditional axial imaging with contrast. (ahrq.gov)
Some of these tests may include an injection of an enhancer-a Gadolinium-based contrast agent or IV contrast to help show internal parts of the mass. (upnt.com)
Kidney1
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) are the two most common types of kidney cancer. (ahrq.gov)
Cancer1
At Urology Partners, we review different features of each imaging test to decide if a mass could be cancer. (upnt.com)
Neoplasm1
CT scanning also helps in detection of calcifications and in differentiation of a complex cyst from a solid neoplasm. (medscape.com)
Hematuria1
About one third of patients have signs and/or symptoms, with flank/abdominal pain, hematuria, and/or a flank mass among the most common. (medscape.com)
Primary1
After leaving the renal hilum, the left primary lymphatic drainage is into the left lateral aortic lymph nodes, including nodes anterior and posterior to the aorta between the inferior mesenteric artery and the diaphragm. (medscape.com)
Small1
They can be very small (1/8 inch) or they can be very large (up to about 8 inches). (upnt.com)
Patients1
Sporadic renal cell carcinoma in young and elderly patients: are there different clinicopathological features and disease specific survival rates? (biomedcentral.com)
Major1
These arteries branch into interlobar arteries, which travel in a parallel fashion in between the major calyces and then branch further into arcuate arteries that run within the cortex across the bases of the renal pyramids. (medscape.com)