• Pretransfusion assessment of HbF levels may help in identifying the cause of aplasia in many cases of inherited bone marrow failure syndromes. (medscape.com)
  • Increased chromosomal breakage in the presence of DNA cross-linking agents such as diepoxybutane or mitomycin C is observed in cases with inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFS). (medscape.com)
  • Fanconi anemia is the most frequently reported of the rare inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFSs). (medscape.com)
  • Pathophysiology of inherited bone marrow failure syndromes. (medscape.com)
  • A bone marrow transplant may be an option if other treatments have not worked or are not likely to work. (viezec.com)
  • The decision to have a bone marrow transplant is complex. (viezec.com)
  • Our experienced medical team will work with you every step of the way to ensure a successful transplant and lasting relief from anemia. (viezec.com)
  • Eligibility includes having developed cytopenias (reduced blood cell counts) and not having an HLA-identical matched sibling donor for bone marrow transplant (BMT). (fanconi.org)
  • Patients living with bone marrow failure diseases and their families and caregivers should continue to practice social distancing, frequently wash and sanitize hands, wear masks around others, and encourage others to wear masks around you. (aamds.org)
  • The aim of the present study was to describe the clinical and hematologic picture of members of a Bedouin family with severe congenital thrombocytopenia associated with neutropenia and anemia and to determine the possible involvement of hematopoietic transcription factor genes in their disease. (bgu.ac.il)
  • Concurrent anemia, thrombocytopenia, and/or an abnormal result on a peripheral blood smear from a patient with neutropenia suggest an underlying hematologic disorder. (medscape.com)
  • New treatments and therapies for people with Fanconi anemia are not possible without research. (fanconi.org)
  • Open to Fanconi Anemia patients ages 21-45, who are occasional alcohol drinkers and non-smokers. (fanconi.org)
  • This study seeks to understand and identify specific types of DNA damage formed from drinking alcohol that could affect cancer formation in patients with Fanconi Anemia. (fanconi.org)
  • Open to Fanconi anemia patients of all subtypes, ages 2+. (fanconi.org)
  • This led to the identification of patients with Fanconi anemia and aplastic anemia without birth defects and the diagnosis of Fanconi anemia in patients without aplastic anemia but with abnormal physical findings. (medscape.com)
  • Furthermore, in cultured Fanconi anemia cells, cell cycle arrest in gap 2/mitosis (G2/M) occurs at lower concentrations of clastogens than in normal cells. (medscape.com)
  • The advent of molecular diagnostics has further improved the specificity of Fanconi anemia diagnosis. (medscape.com)
  • Fanconi anemia accounts for approximately 25% of the cases of aplastic anemia seen at large referral centers. (medscape.com)
  • Approximately 25% of known patients with Fanconi anemia do not have major birth defects. (medscape.com)
  • Birth defects (present in up to 75% of Fanconi anemia patients, depending on the level of scrutiny) associated with Fanconi anemia are demonstrated in the images below. (medscape.com)
  • A 3-year-old patient with Fanconi anemia. (medscape.com)
  • The 3-year-old patient with Fanconi anemia seen in the previous image. (medscape.com)
  • Café au lait spot and hypopigmented area in a 3-year-old patient with Fanconi anemia. (medscape.com)
  • Thumbs attached by threads on a 3-year-old patient with Fanconi anemia (same patient as in the previous images). (medscape.com)
  • Fanconi Anemia is a recessive and rare genetic disorder, characterized by chromosomal instability that induces congenital alterations in individuals. (bvsalud.org)
  • Aplastic anemia due to the progressive failure of the bone marrow, malignant neoplasias such as acute myeloid leukemia, liver tumors and squamous cell carcinoma are some of the possible evolutions of Fanconi Anemia. (bvsalud.org)
  • The aim of this critical review of the literature was to discourse about the main oral manifestations and their involvement in the health of individuals who are ill with Fanconi Anemia. (bvsalud.org)
  • An increased risk for the development of malignant neoplasias in individuals with Fanconi Anemia has been reported, and this is progressive after bone marrow transplantation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Due to the increased susceptibility to the development of cancer in this specific population, it is important for the dentist to know the common oral manifestations and potentially cancerous lesions, in order to make an early diagnosis in individuals with Fanconi Anemia. (bvsalud.org)
  • Because abnormal cytogenetic clones can occur in up to 12% of patients with aplastic anemia, the presence of some clones in otherwise typical cases of aplastic anemia does not necessarily signify a diagnosis of MDS or acute myeloid leukemia (AML) . (medscape.com)
  • Although a biochemical profile has limited value in evaluation of the etiology and differential diagnosis of aplastic anemia, an analysis of kidney function, as well as measurement of transaminase, bilirubin, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, can indicate relevant kidney or liver diseases. (medscape.com)
  • Bone marrow is a key element in the diagnosis of disorders of erythropoiesis, including anemia, and a potential target in their treatment. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Many people with MDS will have anemia at the time of diagnosis or develop it at some point. (healthline.com)
  • Aplastic anemia: pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis. (nih.gov)
  • It is characterized by pancy- lowing a diagnosis of aplastic anaemia. (who.int)
  • Centre from the West Bank of Jordan with ed in the literature and most of them had the diagnosis of aplastic anaemia at 25 unsuccessful pregnancies [ 4 , 5 ]. (who.int)
  • Diagnosis of anemia of renal disease is based on demonstration of renal insufficiency, normocytic anemia, and peripheral reticulocytopenia. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Although the history and physical examination can lead to the recognition of the condition and help establish the etiology, iron deficiency anemia is primarily a laboratory diagnosis. (medscape.com)
  • Other laboratory tests (eg, stool testing, incubated osmotic fragility testing, measurement of lead in tissue, and bone marrow aspiration) are useful for establishing the etiology of iron deficiency anemia and for excluding or establishing a diagnosis of 1 of the other microcytic anemias. (medscape.com)
  • Measurements of serum erythropoietin and thrombopoietin levels, bone marrow electron microscopy, and megakaryocytic colony were grown for each patient in addition to DNA amplification and single-strand conformation polymorphism of each exon of the NF-E2, Fli-1, FOG-1, and Gfi-1b in genes. (bgu.ac.il)
  • Here, we achieved selective delivery of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) to bone marrow, via its encapsulation in liposomes with L-glutamic acid, N-(3-carboxy-1-oxopropyl)-, 1,5-dihexadecyl ester (SA) (liposome-EPO). (elsevierpure.com)
  • These results indicate both that liposome-EPO is a new, promising erythropoietin-stimulating agent and that liposomes with SA have potential for diagnostic and therapeutic applications in diseases originating from bone marrow. (elsevierpure.com)
  • To get the marrow to make red blood cells, the kidneys make a hormone called erythropoietin, or EPO. (healthlinkbc.ca)
  • The two main treatments for anemia in kidney disease are iron and erythropoietin-stimulating agent (ESA). (healthlinkbc.ca)
  • Here you can find resources for children and young people affected by aplastic anaemia - and for their families, friends and support networks. (theaat.org.uk)
  • Would you like to connect with other young people affected by aplastic anaemia? (theaat.org.uk)
  • Whether you have been diagnosed yourself or are supporting a loved one, consider joining our friendly youth board and help to champion the needs of young people affected by aplastic anaemia within our organisation - so we can be better at supporting our community. (theaat.org.uk)
  • Patients with these diseases have been disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic with concerning mortality rates for patients who contract the virus and concerns about the efficacy of the available vaccines for bone marrow failure patients. (aamds.org)
  • Causes of increased breakdown include genetic disorders such as sickle cell anemia, infections such as malaria, and certain autoimmune diseases. (wikipedia.org)
  • Women, young children, and people with long-term diseases are more likely to have anemia. (webmd.com)
  • And cancers and other diseases may also be a potential cause of anemia. (webmd.com)
  • A variety of conditions can cause this, such as autoimmune diseases, infections, bone marrow problems, and inherited conditions such as sickle cell disease and thalassemia. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • A number of diseases can affect the bone marrow. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Some medicines, infections, and diseases also may cause anemia. (kidshealth.org)
  • In older people, diseases of the hematopoietic system often occur, such as anemia or certain forms of blood cancer. (eurekalert.org)
  • While a low serum ferritin is virtually diagnostic of iron deficiency, a normal serum ferritin can be seen in patients who are deficient in iron and have coexistent diseases (eg, hepatitis or anemia of chronic disorders). (medscape.com)
  • Some of these diseases develop mainly after bone marrow transplantation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Mutations in TERC, the gene for the RNA component of telomerase, cause short telomeres in congenital aplastic anemia and in some cases of apparently acquired hematopoietic failure. (nih.gov)
  • Heterozygous mutations in the TERT gene impair telomerase activity by haploinsufficiency and may be risk factors for marrow failure. (nih.gov)
  • His Clinical Interests are Aplastic anaemia and bone marrow failure syndromes, PNH, MDS and myeloid malignancies. (eurobloodnet.eu)
  • He is also scientific advisor for patient advocacy group (MDS UK) and member of the MDS NCRN working group, member of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation Severe Aplastic Anaemia Working Party and member of the ASH Scientific Committee on Bone Marrow Failure. (eurobloodnet.eu)
  • Aplastic anemia and MDS are types of bone marrow failure. (nih.gov)
  • Too few healthy red blood cells can lead to severe anemia and heart failure because your body isn't getting enough oxygen. (nih.gov)
  • The Australian Government will provide $1 million for Maddie Riewoldt's Vision to bolster medical research to better understand bone marrow failure and ultimately help save lives. (health.gov.au)
  • The organisation, which is dedicated to ultimately finding a cure for bone marrow failure syndromes, is named after the late Maddie Riewoldt. (health.gov.au)
  • The funding will support at least three new medical researchers over three years to undertake vital research and clinical trials in Australia into better treatments and ultimately cure for bone marrow failure. (health.gov.au)
  • Bone marrow failure syndromes are a group of rare disorders where a person's bone marrow doesn't produce enough blood cells for normal life. (health.gov.au)
  • Patients with bone marrow failure syndromes have a high risk of developing cancer, including leukaemia and certain solid tumours. (health.gov.au)
  • It is estimated 160 young Australians are diagnosed with bone marrow failure syndromes each year, half of whom will not survive. (health.gov.au)
  • The resulting traffic jam prevents the normal delivery of oxygen throughout the body, leading to problems that include bone deterioration, strokes and organ failure. (cbsnews.com)
  • generally result in the most severe anemia for their degree of renal excretory failure. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Anemia can cause fatigue and weakness. (viezec.com)
  • Anaemia can cause symptoms such as tiredness, weakness, or shortness of breath. (bupa.co.uk)
  • Aplastic anaemia may develop during was of general weakness, loss of appetite pregnancy and sometimes improve sponta- and easy bruising at 16 weeks gestation. (who.int)
  • The etiology is uncertain, and the main complaint was of general weakness treatment of choice, bone marrow trans- and easy bruising. (who.int)
  • abnormal bone marrow or liver function tests. (drugs.com)
  • Although a single abnormal gene may protect against malaria, inheritance of two abnormal genes leads to sickle-cell anaemia and confers no such protection, and malaria is a major cause of ill-health and death in children with sickle-cell anaemia. (who.int)
  • A patient with anemia may report feeling tired, weak, decreased ability to concentrate, and sometimes shortness of breath on exertion. (wikipedia.org)
  • Symptoms of anemia - like fatigue or shortness of breath - happen because your organs aren't getting what they need to work the way they should. (webmd.com)
  • Anemia can lead to symptoms including fatigue, shortness of breath, and lightheadedness. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • In sub-Saharan Africa mortality will be much higher than in Jamaica, and in some areas estimates derived from the age structure of populations attending clinics suggest that half of those with sickle-cell anaemia have died by the age of five years usually from infections including malaria and pneumococcal sepsis, and from the anaemia itself. (who.int)
  • Symptoms of anemia depend on how quickly hemoglobin decreases. (wikipedia.org)
  • The signs and symptoms of X-linked sideroblastic anemia result from a combination of reduced hemoglobin and an overload of iron. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Low hemoglobin levels and the resulting accumulation of iron in the body's organs lead to the characteristic features of X-linked sideroblastic anemia. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In a routine blood test, anemia is reported as a low hemoglobin or hematocrit. (webmd.com)
  • If you have anemia, your hemoglobin level will be low, too. (webmd.com)
  • Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) occurs when you don't have enough iron to make the blood hemoglobin you need to transport oxygen. (psychcentral.com)
  • Recombinant EPO improves anemia and reduces transfusion needs in patients with chronic kidney disease and is generally initiated when hemoglobin is (msdmanuals.com)
  • In chronic iron deficiency anemia, the cellular indices show a microcytic and hypochromic erythropoiesis-that is, both the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) have values below the normal range for the laboratory performing the test. (medscape.com)
  • Conclusions: A unique autosomal recessive bone marrow disorder with prominent involvement of megakaryocytes is described. (bgu.ac.il)
  • Anemia is the most common blood disorder, affecting about a fifth to a third of the global population. (wikipedia.org)
  • Anemia is the most common disorder of the blood. (news-medical.net)
  • Sickle-cell anaemia (also known as sickle-cell disorder or sickle-cell disease) is a common genetic condition due to a haemoglobin disorder - inheritance of mutant haemoglobin genes from both parents. (who.int)
  • Causes of decreased production include iron deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency, thalassemia and a number of bone marrow tumors. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bone marrow is the soft, spongy tissue at the center of bones, and it plays an essential role in creating RBCs. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Recently, mutations in a few hematopoietic transcription factors were implicated in dysmegakaryopoiesis with and without dyserythropoietic anemia. (bgu.ac.il)
  • Advice and tips from young adults on coping with aplastic anaemia. (theaat.org.uk)
  • We'll dive into what causes anemia, how to identify its symptoms and most importantly, share some tips on how you can prevent it from taking over your life! (viezec.com)
  • There are many different symptoms of anemia, and they can vary depending on the severity of the condition. (viezec.com)
  • If you have any of these symptoms, it is important to see your doctor so that they can determine if you have anemia and what the best course of treatment would be. (viezec.com)
  • When anemia is acute, symptoms may include confusion, feeling like one is going to pass out, loss of consciousness, and increased thirst. (wikipedia.org)
  • A person with anemia may not have any symptoms, depending on the underlying cause, and no symptoms may be noticed, as the anemia is initially mild, and then the symptoms become worse as the anemia worsens. (wikipedia.org)
  • Symptoms of anemia can come on quickly or slowly. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this case, no symptoms may appear until the anemia becomes more severe. (wikipedia.org)
  • Carriers of an ALAS2 mutation can pass on the mutated gene, but most do not develop any symptoms associated with X-linked sideroblastic anemia. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In this article, we explain the types, symptoms, and causes of anemia, as well as the treatments available. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Some people with mild anemia may experience few or no symptoms. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • There are many forms of anemia, and each type has telltale symptoms. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • In this article, we'll cover the symptoms of anemia in MDS, why it happens, and how it's treated. (healthline.com)
  • What are the symptoms of MDS and anemia? (healthline.com)
  • If you've been diagnosed with MDS and begin having symptoms of anemia, contact a doctor to discuss them. (healthline.com)
  • Depending on your test results, the doctor will recommend treatments to help alleviate anemia symptoms and improve RBC count. (healthline.com)
  • Some kids with anemia don't know they have it because they don't have any symptoms. (kidshealth.org)
  • If you have anaemia that's developed slowly over time, you may not have any symptoms at all. (bupa.co.uk)
  • You may have other symptoms too, depending on what's causing your anaemia. (bupa.co.uk)
  • Anemia may develop early in kidney disease, but you may not have symptoms until the late stages of the disease. (healthlinkbc.ca)
  • His Translational Research work is about molecular/immunological pathogenesis of MDS and aplastic anaemia, particular focus on overlap disorders. (eurobloodnet.eu)
  • The interaction and coordination of erythroid development and skeletal homeostasis, particularly in setting of erythroid demand, may represent a centrally regulated axis that is important physiologically, pharmacologically and in the pathology of anemia states. (edu.au)
  • The bone marrow may show erythroid hypoplasia. (msdmanuals.com)
  • This is called haemolytic anaemia. (bupa.co.uk)
  • Haemolytic anaemia can be triggered by an underlying health condition or by using medicines such as penicillin and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). (bupa.co.uk)
  • According to the American Cancer Society , anemia is the most common finding in MDS. (healthline.com)
  • People with aplastic anemia or especially MDS are at greater risk of developing acute myeloid leukemia , a blood cancer that affects the bone marrow. (nih.gov)
  • Acute haemorrhage and chronic anemia were excluded from the scope of these recommendations. (bvsalud.org)
  • A complete blood count shows anemia, leukocytosis, and numerous peripheral blasts. (cdc.gov)
  • Examination of the peripheral smear is an important part of the workup of patients with anemia. (medscape.com)
  • Treatments for anemia depend on the type, cause, and severity of anemia you have. (dukehealth.org)
  • Our doctors are involved in clinical trials aimed at improving treatments for anemia. (dukehealth.org)
  • Luspatercept is an injectable biologic medication approved for use for MDS anemia if the above treatments aren't effective. (healthline.com)
  • Aplastic anemia often occurs together with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). (medscape.com)
  • The most common type of anemia is iron-deficiency anemia, which occurs when your body does not have enough iron. (viezec.com)
  • anemia occurs when creatinine clearance is 45 mL/minute ( 0.75 mL/s/m 2 ). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Background A combination of horse anti-thymocyte globulin and cyclosporine produces responses in 60-70% of patients with severe aplastic anemia. (haematologica.org)
  • We performed a phase II study of rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin and cyclosporine as first-line therapy for severe aplastic anemia. (haematologica.org)
  • Design and Methods Twenty patients with severe aplastic anemia treated with rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin were compared to 67 historical control cases with matched clinical characteristics treated with horse anti-thymocyte globulin. (haematologica.org)
  • Conclusions Despite reports suggesting differences in biological activity of different anti-thymocyte globulin preparations, rabbit and horse anti-thymocyte globulin appear to have a similar efficacy for up-front treatment of severe aplastic anemia. (haematologica.org)
  • A large number of patients diagnosed with anemia of chronic disease present with no active inflammation or dietary issues. (wikipedia.org)
  • Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents are only recommended in those with severe anemia. (wikipedia.org)
  • Iron deficiency anemia is often treated with diet changes and iron supplements. (dukehealth.org)
  • This type of anemia is caused by a vitamin B12 deficiency and can lead to nerve damage if left untreated. (viezec.com)
  • Low levels of ferritin indicate iron deficiency anemia. (viezec.com)
  • Iron-deficiency anemia affects nearly 1 billion people. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 2013, anemia due to iron deficiency resulted in about 183,000 deaths - down from 213,000 deaths in 1990. (wikipedia.org)
  • Women are at risk of iron-deficiency anemia because of blood loss from their periods and higher blood supply demands during pregnancy . (webmd.com)
  • Iron-deficiency anemia, as the name suggests, is when the body doesn't produce enough iron. (webmd.com)
  • The most common form of anemia, iron deficiency anemia involves the body producing too few RBCs due to a lack of iron in the body. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Learn more about iron deficiency anemia. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Iron deficiency anemia is the most common form of anemia, and blood loss is often the cause. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • This could be because of iron deficiency, which is the most common form of anaemia. (bupa.co.uk)
  • Some health conditions, such as Crohn's disease , coeliac disease or pernicious anaemia might lead to a deficiency in some nutrients. (bupa.co.uk)
  • Anemia, particularly the iron deficiency kind, has been linked to mental health conditions like depression and anxiety. (psychcentral.com)
  • A Japanese study from 2018 with 11,876 participants identified a link between self-reported depression and self-reported iron-deficiency anemia. (psychcentral.com)
  • The most common form of this condition, iron deficiency anemia, has the added impact of insufficient iron. (psychcentral.com)
  • For example, iron-deficiency anemia results from inadequate amounts of iron in your body. (psychcentral.com)
  • These test findings are useful in distinguishing iron deficiency anemia from other microcytic anemias (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • Serum ferritin and stainable iron in tissue stores are the most sensitive laboratory indicators of mild iron deficiency and are particularly useful in differentiating iron deficiency from the anemia of chronic disorders. (medscape.com)
  • Iron deficiency anemia can occur from loss of body iron in the urine. (medscape.com)
  • If you have sickle cell anemia, you'll want to learn more about our sickle cell disease program. (dukehealth.org)
  • I have sickle cell anaemia and am in crisis. (buzzfeed.com)
  • Sickle cell anemia: Could gene therapy cure sickle cell anemia? (cbsnews.com)
  • Now, a clinical trial at the National Institutes of Health is doing exactly that in an attempt to cure sickle cell anemia, a devastating genetic disease that kills hundreds of thousands of people around the world every year. (cbsnews.com)
  • The gene that causes sickle cell anemia evolved in places like sub-Saharan Africa because it protects people from malaria. (cbsnews.com)
  • Such haemoglobinopathies, mainly thalassaemias and sickle-cell anaemia, are globally widespread. (who.int)
  • 200 000 cases of sickle-cell anaemia in Africa. (who.int)
  • Globally, there are more carriers (i.e. healthy people who have inherited only one mutant gene from one parent) of thalassaemia than of sickle-cell anaemia, but the high frequency of the sickle-cell gene in certain areas leads to a high rate of affected newborns. (who.int)
  • Sickle-cell anaemia is particularly common among people whose ancestors come from sub-Saharan Africa, India, Saudi Arabia and Mediterranean countries. (who.int)
  • Frequencies of the carrier state determine the prevalence of sickle-cell anaemia at birth. (who.int)
  • For example, in Nigeria, by far the most populous country in the subregion, 24% of the population are carriers of the mutant gene and the prevalence of sickle-cell anaemia is about 20 per 1000 births. (who.int)
  • This means that in Nigeria alone, about 150 000 children are born annually with sickle-cell anaemia. (who.int)
  • There is increasing evidence that malaria not only influences outcome but also changes the manifestations of sickle-cell anaemia in Africa. (who.int)
  • The public health implications of sickle-cell anaemia are significant. (who.int)
  • When health impact is measured by under-five mortality, sickle-cell anaemia contributes the equivalent of 5% of under- five deaths on the African continent, more than 9% of such deaths in west Africa, and up to 16% of under-five deaths in individual west African countries. (who.int)
  • There are, however, no firm data on the survival of patients with sickle-cell anaemia on the African continent. (who.int)
  • Sickle-cell anaemia covers a wide spectrum of illness. (who.int)
  • A 2022 study explains how one of the more common gene mutations in MDS can lead to severe forms of anemia. (healthline.com)
  • Mutations in the ALAS2 gene cause X-linked sideroblastic anemia. (medlineplus.gov)
  • We investigated whether mutations in genes for other components of telomerase also occur in aplastic anemia. (nih.gov)
  • The results of coexpression of wild-type TERT and TERT with aplastic anemia-associated mutations in a telomerase-deficient cell line suggested that haploinsufficiency was the mechanism of telomere shortening due to TERT mutations. (nih.gov)
  • [ 65 , 66 ] The disadvantage of the test is in measuring binding in the absence of adequate granulocytes-such as in severe aplastic anemia, when the number of circulating granulocytes is extremely low. (medscape.com)
  • We constructed a Markov model to simulate the 10-year clinical course of patients aged 21-40 years with newly diagnosed severe aplastic anemia . (bvsalud.org)
  • BMT and IST produced similar QALY for young patients with severe aplastic anemia . (bvsalud.org)
  • Eltrombopag is also used together with other medications to treat severe aplastic anemia in adults and children who are at least 2 years old. (drugs.com)
  • In more severe anemia, the body may compensate for the lack of oxygen-carrying capability of the blood by increasing cardiac output. (wikipedia.org)
  • When you have anemia, your blood can't transport as much oxygen as it should. (psychcentral.com)
  • Hypoxia (reduced oxygen levels) from anemia affects multiple areas of your body, including your brain. (psychcentral.com)