• 1987) Kinesin is associated with a nonmicrotubule component of sea urchin mitotic spindles. (ucdavis.edu)
  • The role of microtubule pivoting in formation of complex structures such as microtubule bundles and mitotic spindles. (irb.hr)
  • In this study, we explored how PIP4KIIγ regulates the assembly of mitotic spindles. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, coordination of MT polymerization/depolymerization at both ends to maintain the size and shape of mitotic spindles is also critical for the proper formation and function of the mitotic spindle. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Proper spindle function requires correct interplay between microtubule motors and non-motor proteins. (divide-eunetwork.org)
  • We identified the second kinesin-14 family protein Klp2 and microtubule dynamics as factors necessary for proper meiotic spindle assembly. (divide-eunetwork.org)
  • Depletion of PIP4KIIγ enhanced the spindle pole accumulation of mitotic centromere-associated kinesin (MCAK), a microtubule (MT)-depolymerizing kinesin, and resulted in a less stable spindle pole-associated MT. Depletion of MCAK can ameliorate PIP4KIIγ depletion-induced spindle abnormalities. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The spindle microtubule (MT) exhibits highly regulated dynamic instability, with frequent polymerization and depolymerization occurring at both the plus and minus ends. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These deviations from the length-dependent spindle positioning mechanism are usually due to local alteration of microtubule-associated forces by polarity domains. (elifesciences.org)
  • Kinesin-13 , it is microtubule depolymerase, no motor activity, it binds with positive end of tubule and trigger depolymerisation, play important role in metaphase to anaphase transition. (microbiologynotes.org)
  • GSK1904529A Aurora A is found at centrosomes in early mitosis and controls centrosome maturation centriole separation and chromosome alignment (33) whereas accurate targeting of Aurora B to the chromosomes and then to the spindle midzone and midbody is essential for maintaining microtubule/kinetochore attachments and therefore faithful chromosomal segregation (34). (ap26113.com)
  • Although intact cortices, kinetochore MTs, and midzone augmentation are dispensable, this patronin-based change in ipMT minus-end dynamics is sufficient to induce the elongation of spindles capable of separating chromosomes. (escholarship.org)
  • Movement of chromosomes to the equatorial plane of spindle separates them from one another. (pharmacy180.com)
  • Microtubes of spindle invade nuclear area and are able to interact with chromosomes. (pharmacy180.com)
  • The polar caps of the spindle disappear and the formation of nuclear membrane takes place around the groups of chromosomes. (pharmacy180.com)
  • Anaphase is perhaps the most striking and elegant, as it is the short but momentous step in which duplicated chromosomes , the bearers of eukaryotic organisms' genetic material, actually separate. (sciencing.com)
  • To segregate the chromosomes faithfully during cell division, cells assemble a spindle that captures the kinetochores and pulls them towards opposite poles. (divide-eunetwork.org)
  • Such dynamism is essential for assembling and positioning the bipolar spindle, searching for and docking with kinetochores, congressing and segregating chromosomes, and governing the spindle checkpoint [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Anaphase B spindle elongation contributes to chromosome segregation during Drosophila melanogaster embryo mitosis. (escholarship.org)
  • Anaphase: What Happens in this Stage of Mitosis & Meiosis? (sciencing.com)
  • Cell division orientation is thought to result from a competition between cell geometry and polarity domains controlling the position of the mitotic spindle during mitosis. (elifesciences.org)
  • Thus, the products of chromosome replication (sister chromatids) generated during S-phase must be identified over time until mitosis when sisters associate with the mitotic spindle and segregate away from each other into the newly forming daughter cells. (rupress.org)
  • To examine the functional role of GR during mitosis we performed GR knockdown studies tracking cell division in real time and observed increased chromosome segregation errors with evidence of spindle defects. (ap26113.com)
  • However multipolarity occurs after normal bipolarization of GSK1904529A the spindle (Movies S4-S6) suggesting normal centrosome number at the onset of mitosis. (ap26113.com)
  • In this paper, we present evidence that anaphase B is induced by the minus end-stabilizing protein patronin, which antagonizes the kinesin-13 depolymerase KLP10A at spindle poles, thereby switching off the depolymerization of the minus ends of outwardly sliding ipMTs to suppress flux. (escholarship.org)
  • In anaphase, chromatid halves move away equatorially at two opposite poles with the tractile fibres. (pharmacy180.com)
  • Anaphase: During anaphase, the centromeres divide and the chromatids start moving toward the opposite poles. (mycollegebag.in)
  • Telophase: Once the chromatids reach the two poles, the chromosomal elongation starts, nucleolus and the nuclear membrane reappear. (mycollegebag.in)
  • Each sister chromatid has its own kinetochore, oriented to facilitate movement to opposite poles of the spindle apparatus. (pberghei.eu)
  • Bundles of non-kinetochore microtubules (nkMTs) span the interzone between sister chromosome units at metaphase I and II and anaphase II. (vuw.ac.nz)
  • The NDC80 complex is the major component of the kinetochore and mediates its attachment to spindle MTs. (pberghei.eu)
  • Spindle orientation is often achieved by a complex of Partner of Inscuteable (Pins)/LGN, Mushroom Body Defect (Mud)/Nuclear Mitotic Apparatus (NuMa), Gαi, and Dynein, which interacts with astral microtubules to rotate the spindle. (elifesciences.org)
  • Nuclear migration and positioning in Saccharomyces cerevisiae depend on long astral microtubules emanating from the spindle pole bodies (SPBs). (unibas.ch)
  • High-resolution time-lapse sequences revealed that this spindle reorientation was most likely accomplished by cortex interactions of the very short astral microtubules. (unibas.ch)
  • We found that the UCDs and their orientation at the ascidian third cleavage rely on the spindle tilting in an anisotropic cell shape, and cortical polarity domains exerting different effects on spindle astral microtubules. (elifesciences.org)
  • Our current results imply that PIP4KIIγ may restrain MT depolymerization at the spindle pole through attenuating PLK1-mediated activation of MCAK before anaphase onset. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Chromosome attachment to spindle microtubules (MTs) is mediated by kinetochores, which are large multiprotein complexes assembled on centromeres located at the constriction point of sister chromatids. (pberghei.eu)
  • These results indicates that kinetochores establish connection with spindle from the beginning of endomitosis and maintain the connection throughout endomitosis. (pberghei.eu)
  • In addition, the EB1-decorated spindle MTs are associated laterally with kinetochores ( see below). (pberghei.eu)
  • Defects in spindle assembly or changes in spindle dynamics are associated with diseases, such as cancer or developmental disorders. (divide-eunetwork.org)
  • Bipolar spindle is made up of delicate fibres. (pharmacy180.com)
  • PIP4KIIγ accumulates at the spindle pole before anaphase, and is required for the assembly of functional bipolar spindles. (biomedcentral.com)
  • M) Quantitation of the increases in cortical thickness and microvillar length that accompanies the metaphase-anaphase transition in control and C3-injected embryos (n = 6 cells per condition, whiskers denote minimum and maximum values), where a value of 1.0 represents length or thickness 1 min prior to the metaphase-anaphase transition. (echinobase.org)
  • Enduring and robust, structural cohesins resist poleward-pulling forces produced by the mitotic spindle that act to separate sister chromatids and must often persist for extended periods of time in meiosis. (rupress.org)
  • Spindle orientation is often achieved by a complex of Partner of Inscuteable (Pins)/LGN, Mushroom Body Defect (Mud)/Nuclear Mitotic Apparatus (NuMa), Gαi, and Dynein. (elifesciences.org)
  • Movie of anaphase B (spindle elongation) of meiosis I in primary spermatocytes of the crane-fly Nephrotoma suturalis. (cellimagelibrary.org)
  • Spindle endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in meiosis II was found to be derived largely from invaginations and evaginations of the nuclear envelope. (vuw.ac.nz)
  • Here, we compared mitotic and meiotic spindles in fission yeast. (divide-eunetwork.org)
  • We show that, even though mitotic and meiotic spindles underwent the typical three phases of spindle elongation, they have distinct features. (divide-eunetwork.org)
  • This work defines the differences between mitotic and meiotic spindles in fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and provides prospect for future comparative studies.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. (divide-eunetwork.org)
  • Growth of existing spindle ER was proposed to account for the doubling in the amount of ER observed between interphase and prometaphase II. (vuw.ac.nz)
  • Randomly oriented elements of ER, in early prometaphase II spindles may become passively aligned along the interpolar axis and then actively transported polewards at later stages of prometaphase II and metaphase II. (vuw.ac.nz)
  • We found that disrupting forces through chemical inhibitors, depletion of an adherens junction protein, or blocking mesoderm invagination disrupted Pins planar polarity and spindle orientation. (elifesciences.org)
  • Furthermore, directional ablations that separated mesoderm from mitotic domains disrupted spindle orientation, suggesting that forces transmitted from mesoderm to mitotic domains can polarize Pins and orient division during gastrulation. (elifesciences.org)
  • The finding that gastrulation-induced forces are required for asymmetric localization of an important and evolutionarily conserved spindle orientation factor, Pins, will be of broad interest to cell and developmental biologists. (elifesciences.org)
  • In Drosophila neuroblasts, asymmetric division and spindle orientation is dependent on Pins/LGN recruitment to the apical cortex. (elifesciences.org)
  • In symmetric epithelial cell divisions, spindle orientation also depends on Pins, which is recruited to the lateral cortex by the lateral domain protein, Discs large (Dlg). (elifesciences.org)
  • Consequently, nuclear migration to the bud neck and orientation of the anaphase spindle along the mother-bud axis are absent in these cells. (unibas.ch)
  • Depending on the level of cell shape anisotropy or the strength of the polarity domain, one dominates the other and determines the orientation of the spindle. (elifesciences.org)
  • Although cell shape often predicts spindle orientation, there are numerous examples where this is not the case in somatic cells ( Finegan and Bergstralh, 2019 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • Yet, whether and how cell geometry and polarity domains compete with each other not only to determine the orientation but also the centering of the mitotic spindle leading to equal or unequal cell divisions (UCDs) remains unclear. (elifesciences.org)
  • 1985) Identification of kinesin in sea urchin eggs, and evidence for its localization in the mitotic spindle. (ucdavis.edu)
  • Similarly as Ndc80, the SPC24, SPC25, and AKiT1 displayed lateral localization to spindle MTs throughout the endomitosis (of male gamete formation) via IFA and U-ExM analysis. (pberghei.eu)
  • or embryos ( Minc and Piel, 2012 ) and is the result of spindle alignment with the longest axis of the cell. (elifesciences.org)
  • Multipolar spindles can arise as a consequence of failure of cytokinesis centrosome amplification or loss of spindle pole integrity (35). (ap26113.com)
  • Though it continues to be unclear the way the aberrant mitotic phenotype takes place a model for the era of multipolar spindles indie of centrosome GSK1904529A amplification has been advanced which lists most likely causes as cohesion exhaustion fragmentation of pericentriolar materials or centriole disengagement (35). (ap26113.com)
  • Cytoskeletal dynamics and spindle assembly during cell division. (irb.hr)
  • 1993) Inhibition of anaphase spindle elongation in vitro by a peptide antibody that recognizes kinesin motor domain. (ucdavis.edu)
  • Scholey, J.M. (1996) Kinesin-II, A Membrane Traffic Motor in Axons, Axonemes and Spindles. (ucdavis.edu)
  • Members of the kinesin superfamily (KIF) 2, KIF2A, KIF2B, and MCAK (KIF2C) are MT depolymerizing motors and KIF10 (also known as CENP-E) is a plus-end directed kinesin promoting the elongation of the stabilized MTs [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The nuclear envelope and the nucleolus disappear and the spindle fibres start appearing. (mycollegebag.in)
  • We therefore propose that the spindle position during UCD is set by the combined activities of cell geometry and polarity domains, where cell geometry modulates the effect of cortical polarity domain(s). (elifesciences.org)
  • Their findings provide a new perspective on the roles of cell polarity and shape in the control of spindle positioning, and are of broad interest to cell and developmental biologists. (elifesciences.org)
  • Using the colcemid in the tissue culture prevents spindle fiber formation during the cell division. (geneticeducation.co.in)
  • In addition, our data exclude involvement of Spc72 in spindle formation and elongation functions. (unibas.ch)
  • These changes are orchestrated by a small number of master regulators, including the cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) and the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). Each Cdk or APC/C isoform has a large number of substrates, and the substrates of each isoform are modified in a specific order that leads to sequential substrate activation or inactivation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A previous screen of a human kinase and phosphatase shRNA library to select genes that mediate arsenite induction of spindle abnormalities resulted in the identification of phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinase type-2 gamma (PIP4KIIγ), a phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2)-synthesizing enzyme. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Levels of nuclear E2 growth in the transport are generally perhaps various so the liver of ingenuity of reviews involves increased closely by the stimulation of complex expression, which is spindle traffic to flow synergistic adrenal NPAS2. (familie-vos.de)
  • Loss of GR drives a significant delay in metaphase accompanied by the acquisition of tripolar or tetrapolar spindles determining lack of spindle pole integrity just as one consequence of decreased GR expression. (ap26113.com)
  • However, SPC72 deletion is not lethal because elongated but misaligned spindles can frequently reorient in mother cells, permitting delayed but otherwise correct nuclear segregation. (unibas.ch)
  • Apical proteins recruit Inscuteable (Insc), which in turn recruits Pins/LGN and the spindle rotation complex. (elifesciences.org)
  • This study provides compelling in vivo evidence that mechanical tension emanating from morphogenetic forces during gastrulation orients the spindle at distant sites. (elifesciences.org)