AnalgesicsAnalgesics, OpioidDipyroneTramadolAnalgesiaPainAnalgesics, Non-NarcoticPain MeasurementPentazocineDextromoramideDextropropoxypheneMorphineMeperidineNalorphineAcetaminophenHydromorphoneKetoprofenPhenacetinLevorphanolPain, PostoperativeAnti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-SteroidalNociceptionHyperalgesiaSphincter of OddiDrug TolerancePain ThresholdPain ManagementReceptors, Opioid, muDrug Evaluation, PreclinicalNeuralgiaNociceptorsAspirinVocalization, AnimalDose-Response Relationship, DrugDouble-Blind MethodArthritis, ExperimentalIndomethacinSpinal CordRats, Sprague-DawleyDisease Models, AnimalChronic DiseaseCodeineProspective StudiesFentanylTime FactorsOxycodoneAnesthetics, LocalInjections, SpinalBupivacaineAnalgesia, EpiduralNaloxoneAnalgesia, Patient-ControlledCarrageenanKidney Papillary NecrosisTolmetinNefopamReceptors, OpioidHydrocodoneNarcotic AntagonistsKetorolacPain, IntractableIbuprofenAcupuncture AnalgesiaCyclohexanecarboxylic AcidsBuprenorphineEdemaDiclofenacAnalgesia, ObstetricalButorphanolOxymorphoneMorphine DerivativesMorphinansMeptazinolNociceptive PainHypnotics and SedativesNarcoticsAlfentanilAntipyreticsKetamineAcetic AcidNalbuphineAcute PainNerve BlockChronic PainDexmedetomidineCyclazocineKetorolac TromethamineSufentanilLidocaineEndorphinsAnti-Inflammatory AgentsPiroxicamAminesNitrous OxideClonidineNonprescription DrugsNaltrexoneAmidesReceptors, Opioid, deltaOpioid Peptides