• Amides are generally used within regional and epidural or spinal techniques, due to their longer duration of action, which provides adequate analgesia for surgery, labor, and symptomatic relief. (wikipedia.org)
  • Potency is directly related to lipid solubility. (wikipedia.org)
  • The rate and degree of diffusion is governed by (1) the degree of plasma protein binding, (2) the degree of ionization, and (3) the degree of lipid solubility. (nih.gov)
  • The extent of placental transfer is also determined by the degree of ionization and lipid solubility of the drug. (nih.gov)
  • see spelling differences) is a drug used to induce anesthesia ⁠- ⁠in other words, to result in a temporary loss of sensation or awareness. (wikipedia.org)
  • We monitored EA episodes at 5 and 30 min in the post-anesthetic care unit (PACU) by using the fourpoint agitation scale and the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale. (anesth-pain-med.org)
  • 2017 ). However, emergence delirium (ED) in pediatrics after sevoflurane anesthesia is common, with a reported incidence up to 80% (Cravero et al. (springeropen.com)
  • It is combined with oxygen and incrementally increasing doses of a more potent inhalational anesthetic (eg, sevoflurane) and delivered via mask inhalation. (medscape.com)
  • Sub-umbilical surgery under caudal block in conjunction with sevoflurane sedation may be safe in terms of maintaining spontaneous breathing and avoiding complications associated with general anesthesia. (anesth-pain-med.org)
  • The aim of this study was to compare the effect of dexmedetomidine versus ketamine when added to caudal bupivacaine on the incidence of emergence delerium (ED), postoperative sedation, and analgesia in pediatric patients undergoing inguinal hernia repair under sevoflurane anesthesia. (springeropen.com)
  • Eighty seven pediatric patients who underwent elective inguinal hernia repair under sevoflurane anesthesia were randomly distributed into one of three equal groups. (springeropen.com)
  • Both dexmedetomidine (1 μg/kg) and ketamine (0.5 mg/kg) added to pediatric caudal block were effective to control pediatric ED after sevoflurane anesthesia. (springeropen.com)
  • Sevoflurane is commonly used for pediatric general anesthesia due to its lack of airway irritation, hemodynamic characteristics, and lower pungency (Brioni et al. (springeropen.com)
  • Most caudal blocks are performed as adjuvant procedures to general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation [ 1 ], but caudal block with sedation per se can be used as an alternative to general anesthesia [ 2 - 4 ]. (anesth-pain-med.org)
  • Deep sedation /analgesia: "Drug-induced depression of consciousness during which patients cannot be easily aroused but respond purposefully following repeated or painful stimulation. (wikidoc.org)
  • Moderate sedation/analgesia or conscious sedation: "Drug-induced depression of consciousness during which patients respond purposefully to verbal commands, either alone or accompanied by light tactile stimulation. (wikidoc.org)
  • The level of anesthesia achieved ranges on a continuum of depth of consciousness from minimal sedation to general anesthesia. (wikidoc.org)
  • Patients received caudal dexmedetomidine had longer time to 1st postoperative analgesia and less postoperative analgesic consumption but longer postoperative sedation when compared with ketamine with no significant difference between both drugs as regards the incidence of perioperative adverse events. (springeropen.com)
  • e.g., desflurane) give the anesthesia provider greater rapidity in titrating the depth of anesthesia, and permit a more rapid emergence from the anesthetic state upon discontinuing their administration. (wikipedia.org)
  • Moreover, compared to general anesthesia, it has a lower likelihood of precipitating postoperative respiratory events [ 5 ]. (anesth-pain-med.org)
  • It is usually used to maintain a state of general anesthesia that has been induced by another drug, such as thiopentone or propofol . (mdwiki.org)
  • General anesthesia is a reversible nation of valuable fearful system (CNS) depression, inflicting lack of reaction to and belief of stimuli. (yourzdoctor.com)
  • In general, the progression of anesthesia is related to the diameter, myelination, and conduction velocity of affected nerve fibers. (nih.gov)
  • General anesthesia: "Drug-induced loss of consciousness during which patients are not arousable, even by painful stimulation. (wikidoc.org)
  • Patients undergoing general anesthesia often cannot maintain their own airway and breathe on their own. (wikidoc.org)
  • Emergence delerium (ED) is still remaining as a major problem during the early stage of recovery from general anesthesia in children. (springeropen.com)
  • The onset of action with bupivacaine is rapid and anesthesia is long lasting. (nih.gov)
  • The 0.75% (7.5 mg/mL) concentration of Bupivacaine Hydrochloride Injection is not recommended for obstetrical anesthesia and should be reserved for surgical procedures where a high degree of muscle relaxation and prolonged effect are necessary ( 5.1 ). (pfizermedicalinformation.com)
  • Bupivacaine Hydrochloride Injection/Bupivacaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Injection is indicated in adults for the production of local or regional anesthesia or analgesia for surgery, dental and oral surgery procedures, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, and for obstetrical procedures. (pfizermedicalinformation.com)
  • Regional anesthesia: Loss of pain sensation, with varying degrees of muscle relaxation, in certain regions of the body. (wikidoc.org)
  • To have safe anesthesia at that time, the pathophysiological changes in both the unacclimatized and acclimatized patients at high altitude, which include pulmonary hyperventilation, polycythemia, rising pulmonary blood volume, pulmonary hypertension, and increase in diffusion capacity, are to be considered in preanesthetic checkup. (jcardcritcare.org)
  • It should possess low blood gas solubility, have no end-organ (heart, liver, kidney) toxicity or side-effects, should not be metabolized, and should not irritate the respiratory pathways. (wikipedia.org)
  • Drugs are selected to offer secure and green anesthesia primarily based totally at the sort of system and affected person traits including organ function, clinical conditions, and concurrent medications. (yourzdoctor.com)
  • Halothane, an agent introduced in the 1950s, has been almost completely replaced in modern anesthesia practice by newer agents because of its shortcomings. (wikipedia.org)
  • This concept refers to the relative solubility of a given agent in blood. (wikipedia.org)
  • It has also been noted that there is a period of analgesia that persists after the return of sensation, during which time the need for strong analgesics is reduced. (nih.gov)
  • Anesthesia or anaesthesia (from Greek αν- an- "without" + αἲσθησις aisthesis "sensation") has traditionally meant the condition of having the feeling of pain and other sensations blocked. (wikidoc.org)