• Two unusual catalase-negative, Gram-stain-positive, Vagococcus -like isolates that were referred to the CDC Streptococcus Laboratory for identification are described. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Gram-positive organisms such as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus species are the most commonly isolated organisms in patients with pyogenic vertebral infections. (wheelessonline.com)
  • New to this ninth edition is up-to-date coverage of Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, multiple drug-resistant tuberculosis, gram-negative rods, Mycobacterium haemophilum, and Rochalimaea. (google.com)
  • sex pilus to attach to other bacteria Resistance increased by the type of cell wall, and presence of endospore, capsules, slime layers Toxin the lipopolysaccharide upper layer of Gram negative bacteria is released as toxins Taxonomy Domain : Bacteria Kingdom: Monera Phyla : Firmicutes Gram-Positive e.g. cocci Staphylococcus Streptococcus bacilli Lactobacillus Gracilicutes Gram-Negative e.g. cocci bacilli spirochete obligate intracellular parasites Tenericutes No Cell Wall e.g. (termpaperwarehouse.com)
  • there are both aerobic and anaerobic (obligate or facultative) species, chemolithoautotrophics, chemoorganotrophics, photoautotrophs and heterotrophs. (wikipedia.org)
  • The condition is named after the causative pathogen, Bordetella bronchiseptica, which is a "gram-negative, obligate aerobic coccobacillus. (cats.com)
  • Obligate aerobic means that Bordetella needs oxygen to survive (compared to "anaerobic" bacteria which can thrive without oxygen). (cats.com)
  • Aerobic bacteria (obligate aerobes) require oxygen to produce energy and to grow in culture. (msdmanuals.com)
  • rod" "little stick"), in terms of etymological history, refers to Bacillus (rod-shaped bacteria), but in this case is "useful in the interim while the phylogenetic data are being integrated into formal bacterial taxonomy. (wikipedia.org)
  • A "coccus" is spherical, a "bacillus" is rod-shaped, and a "coccobacillus" is a combination of the two shapes. (cats.com)
  • Most bacteria can be generally characterized as coccus (i. e. , spherical), bacillus (i. e. , rod-shaped), spirillum (i. e. , helical) and vibrio (i. e. , curvy rod-shaped). (nmmra.org)
  • Unlike Columbia-CNA agar, Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) agar is a selective medium used to isolate and identify Gram-negative bacillus. (nmmra.org)
  • Morphologically, they are characterized as cocci or bacilli (rods). (dentalcare.com)
  • Ultimately, facultative and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative cocci and bacilli predominate in all types of odontogenic infections (Table 1). (dentalcare.com)
  • Oxidase test from the plate and urease test from the culture vial is recommended after apparent identification of pleomorphic Gram-positive bacilli from blood culture, once tiny growth is observed, to distinguish Brucella from Corynebacterium species. (openmicrobiologyjournal.com)
  • VITEK 2 cards inoculated with fluids sampled directly from positive blood culture bottles are suitable for speedy identification and susceptibility testing of Gram-negative bacilli and Gram-positive cocci. (who.int)
  • Nocardiosis Nocardiosis is an acute or chronic, often disseminated, suppurative or granulomatous infection caused by various aerobic soil saprophytes of the gram-positive bacilli genus Nocardia . (msdmanuals.com)
  • Bacilli - These are rod shaped which are single at start but once they start to divide they form may clusters of two. (student-baba.com)
  • 2-8 However, endogenous microorganisms, including gram positive and negative anaerobic organisms and aerobic/facultative gram positive and negative rods and cocci, found at high levels in women with bacterial vaginosis, also have been implicated in the pathogenesis of PID. (cdc.gov)
  • 8 hours after admission revealed a mixed bacterial infection, including gram-positive cocci and gram-negative rods. (cdc.gov)
  • Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining method of bacterial differentiation. (erasingdavid.com)
  • Other distinguishing bacterial characteristics include hemolysis patterns (i. e. , ability to break down red blood cells) and ability to ferment lactose (i. e. , the ability to use lactose as an alternative source of energy under anaerobic conditions). (nmmra.org)
  • The bacterial cell wall is critical to the survival of bacteria, and its arrangement helps to differentiate bacteria into either Gram-positive or Gram-negative groupings, depending on the reaction of the cells to the Gram stain. (nmmra.org)
  • Gram stain is the most common stain for general bacterial identification. (msdmanuals.com)
  • On the contrary, bacterial isolates from the root canals with failed endodontic treatments are found to inhabit predominantly facultative anaerobic and gram positive bacteria. (com.pk)
  • There are typically 40 million bacterial cells in a gram of soil and a million bacterial cells in a millilitre of fresh water . (alchetron.com)
  • The phospholipid bilayer of a gram-negative bacterial cell is like most other phospholipid bilayers, including the ones present in our cells. (studysmarter.co.uk)
  • Lipopolysaccharides are present as the last and most important constituent of gram-negative bacterial cell membranes (Fig. 3). (studysmarter.co.uk)
  • While aerobic bacteria require oxygen to proliferate, anaerobic bacteria multiply in low-oxygen environments and produce gas. (aminoco.com)
  • Some bacteria require oxygen to form hydrogen peroxide, which is a byproduct of aerobic metabolism that is toxic. (erasingdavid.com)
  • Catalase-negative bacteria may be anaerobes, or they may be facultative anaerobes that only ferment and do not respire using oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor (ie. (erasingdavid.com)
  • Bacteria may be divided according to the environment in which they grow: those that grow in air ( aerobic ), those that grow in reduced oxygen environments ( microaerophilic ), and those that grow in little to no oxygen ( anaerobic ). (labtestsonline.org.br)
  • Oxygen is used by aerobic bacteria during the process of cellular respiration as a final electron acceptor. (cliffsnotes.com)
  • For aerobic organisms, oxygen is an absolute requirement for their energy-yielding properties. (cliffsnotes.com)
  • While aerobic bacteria need oxygen to live, anaerobic bacteria will die around oxygen. (changingyourbusiness.com)
  • often referred to as meningococcus, is a Gram-negative bacterium that can cause meningitis and other forms of meningococcal disease such as meningococcemia, a life-threatening sepsis. (labtestsguide.com)
  • a Gram-negative, coccobacillary, facultatively anaerobic capnophilic pathogenic bacterium of the family Pasteurellaceae. (labtestsguide.com)
  • a pathogenic species of Gram-negative coccobacillus, an aerobic bacterium. (labtestsguide.com)
  • Fast Lactose fermenting ) Escherichia coli, also known as E. coli, is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped, coliform bacterium of the genus Escherichia that is commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms. (labtestsguide.com)
  • The word bacteria is the plural of the New Latin Bacterium , which is the latinisation of the Greek βακτήριον ( bakterion ), the diminutive of βακτηρία ( bakteria ), meaning "staff, cane", because the first ones to be discovered were rod-shaped . (alchetron.com)
  • Analysis described the presence of anaerobic flora, including a species of Pseudomonas , and Escherichia coli . (cdc.gov)
  • Pseudomonas ( Oxidase +Ve) is a genus of Gram-negative, Gammaproteobacteria, belonging to the family Pseudomonadaceae and containing 191 validly described species. (labtestsguide.com)
  • Certain pathogenic species, such as Clostridium species, are anaerobic. (cliffsnotes.com)
  • Cover gram-positive and gram-negative organisms and aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including beta-lactamase-producing organisms. (medscape.com)
  • a Gram-negative, nonmotile, penicillin-sensitive coccobacillus of the family Pasteurellaceae. (labtestsguide.com)
  • They are primarily caused by aerobic microorganisms but deeper wounds may also be infected with anaerobes. (labtestsonline.org.br)
  • Bacteria are also described as aerobic, anaerobic or facultative anaerobes. (changingyourbusiness.com)
  • Normal floras are the microorganisms that live in our body in a relatively stable manner without causing any negative effect on the host's body. (microbenotes.com)
  • They generally have different shapes - rods, curved rods, cocci, spirilla, and filaments and include free living bacteria, biofilm formers, commensals and symbionts, some also have the distinctive trait of being bioluminescent. (wikipedia.org)
  • Based on Gram's Method of staining (Box 1), bacteria are further classified as gram-positive or gram-negative. (dentalcare.com)
  • Gram-positive Bacteria. (dentalcare.com)
  • 7 Gram-positive bacteria retain their crystal violet-iodine complexes and appear deep purple (Figure 4). (dentalcare.com)
  • Mixed Gram-positive and Gram-negative Organisms. (dentalcare.com)
  • On gram stain appear Gram - or gram variable, but have a gram positive cell wall, show antibiotic susceptibility similar to Gram + bacteria, lack endotoxin. (freezingblue.com)
  • Hazelton BJ, Thomas LC, Unver T, Iredell JR. Rapid identification of Gram-positive pathogens and their resistance genes from positive blood culture broth using a multiplex tandem RT-PCR assay. (medscape.com)
  • In the test group, a predominance of aerobic/facultative gram positive cocci rod was seen which indicates a healthy periodontal site, whereas in the control group, a predominance of anaerobic gram negative rods was present which indicates an unhealthy periodontal condition. (wjgnet.com)
  • The percentage of gram negative bacteria in the control sample is 61% and in the test sample is 20% after 13 wk, whereas the percentage of gram positive bacteria in the control sample is 39% and in the test sample is 80% after 13 wk. (wjgnet.com)
  • The shift from anaerobic gram negative bacteria to aerobic gram positive bacteria is clearly seen from the control to test sample after 13 wk. (wjgnet.com)
  • This fact has implications when deciding which antibiotic to use (some are more effective against "gram-positive" bacteria, while other antibiotics work better against "gram-negative" bacteria). (cats.com)
  • Gram positive cocci, found on skin and in nares. (focus-lab.com)
  • Both Gram-positive and negative bacteria are found in such moist areas in higher numbers. (microbenotes.com)
  • The remaining dry parts are dominated by Gram-positive bacteria with a comparatively less population. (microbenotes.com)
  • In randomized comparative studies, Cefoxitin for injection, USP and cephalothin were comparably safe and effective in the management of infections caused by gram-positive cocci and gram-negative rods susceptible to the cephalosporins. (wikidoc.org)
  • Are lactic acid bacteria Gram-positive or negative? (erasingdavid.com)
  • Are lactic acid bacteria oxidase positive or negative? (erasingdavid.com)
  • Is Lactobacillus catalase positive or negative? (erasingdavid.com)
  • How can you differentiate between gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria by staining methods? (erasingdavid.com)
  • Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria - Overview The gram-positive bacteria retain the crystal violet colour and stain purple whereas the gram-negative bacteria lose crystal violet and stain red. (erasingdavid.com)
  • Acinetobacter baumannii and Brucella species are Gram-negative organisms that are vulnerable to misinterpretation as Gram-positive or Gram-variable in blood cultures. (openmicrobiologyjournal.com)
  • In case 1, initially pleomorphic Gram-positive bacteria were identified. (openmicrobiologyjournal.com)
  • In case 2, preliminary Gram-stain results suggested giant Gram-positive oval cocci. (openmicrobiologyjournal.com)
  • If giant Gram-positive oval cocci are indicated by preliminary Gram-staining, it is recommended that the Gram stain be repeated from the plate after 4-6 h, or culture should be tested in Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) medium and the Gram stain repeated after 2-4 h incubation. (openmicrobiologyjournal.com)
  • Gram-negative rods and 74 Gram-positive cocci from inpatients. (who.int)
  • Strains A-T 0875 T and A-T 1383 T stained Gram-positive and were filamentous bacteria that developed cylindrical sporangia containing four oval- to rod-shaped spores at the ends of short sporangiophores on branched aerial mycelium. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • A Gram-staining-positive, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile and moderately halophilic actinobacterium, designated YIM 93306 T , was isolated from a salt lake in Xinjiang province, north-west China, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Gram-positive bacteria (which stain purple) have a very thick cell wall, while Gram-negative bacteria (which stain pink) have a thinner cell wall. (nmmra.org)
  • Therefore, only Gram-positive bacteria can grow on Columbia-CNA agar. (nmmra.org)
  • They are bacteria that define the opposite of gram-positive bacteria in relation to the differential staining technique. (labtestsguide.com)
  • The two classes of bacteria are differentiated by Gram stain, due to the composition of their cell wall, that is, Gram positive bacteria have a large layer of peptidoglycan and a thin layer of lipid layer, and unlike Gram negative bacteria that have a thick layer of lipids and lack the peptidoglycan layer or some have a very thin layer of the peptidoglycan layer. (labtestsguide.com)
  • If the cells pick up gram stain that means they are gram positive and the rest are gram negative. (student-baba.com)
  • We will examine these properties of gram-negative bacteria and, by doing so, see the differences that distinguish gram-negative bacteria from gram-positive bacteria. (studysmarter.co.uk)
  • Many infections caused by aerobic and anaerobic gram-negative bacteria resistant to some cephalosporins respond to cefoxitin for injection, USP. (wikidoc.org)
  • Similarly, many infections caused by aerobic and anaerobic bacteria resistant to some penicillin antibiotics (ampicillin, carbenicillin, penicillin G) respond to treatment with cefoxitin for injection, USP. (wikidoc.org)
  • Many infections caused by mixtures of susceptible aerobic and anaerobic bacteria respond to treatment with cefoxitin for injection, USP. (wikidoc.org)
  • Regarding the microbial flora in primary endodontic infections, gram negative anaerobic rods are the preponderant culprits. (com.pk)
  • Negative growth does not rule out infection. (medscape.com)
  • Outcomes included prevalence and types of organisms, polymicrobial infection, mixed aerobic-anaerobic infection, effect of age, and culture utility. (bvsalud.org)
  • Polymicrobial infection (P = 0.08) and anaerobic organisms (P = 0.58) did not differ by age (range, 0.1-16.8 years). (bvsalud.org)
  • Rates of polymicrobial and anaerobic infection were similar across ages. (bvsalud.org)
  • The following table provides an overview of the nomenclature of important human pathogenic bacteria, according to their form and Gram staining properties. (amboss.com)
  • During the Gram stain, the gram-negative bacteria will lose the color of the crystal violet dye after an alcohol wash and will take on the pink / red color of the counterstain, safranin. (labtestsguide.com)
  • Gram-negative means that Bordetella does not pick up the gram stain when being examined under the microscope. (cats.com)
  • 166 bâtonnets à gram négatif et 74 cocci à gram positif prélevés sur des patients hospitalisés. (who.int)
  • Ces résultats suggèrent que les cartes VITEK 2 inoculées à l'aide de liquides prélevés directement dans des flacons d'hémoculture positifs sont adaptées à une identification et à un test de sensibilité rapides des bacilles à gram négatif et des cocci à gram positif. (who.int)
  • Thus, the two types of bacteria are distinguished by gram staining. (erasingdavid.com)
  • Aerobic and anaerobic blood cultures from two patients in an acute care facility in Saudi Arabia were subjected to preliminary Gram-staining. (openmicrobiologyjournal.com)
  • In case 2, repeat Gram- staining from the plate and the vials, VITEK-2 Gram-Negative Identification, real-time PCR and subculture on to Columbia agar, blood agar, and MacConkey agar were carried out to identify A. baumannii . (openmicrobiologyjournal.com)
  • Misinterpretation of initial Gram-negative staining from clinical sample cultures can result in misidentification of the causative bacteria and delays appropriate antibiotic treatment. (openmicrobiologyjournal.com)
  • They have certain physical properties, that while invisible to the naked eye, allow them to pick up particular dyes in gram staining, which belie the characteristics of their cell wall and other structures. (studysmarter.co.uk)
  • This is especially relevant with gram staining. (studysmarter.co.uk)
  • It is composed by all Gram-negative microbes and is the most phylogenetically and physiologically diverse class of Proteobacteria. (wikipedia.org)
  • Gram negative aerobic rods common in water and soil. (focus-lab.com)
  • The isolate obtained from the patient was inoculated on blood agar, MacConkey agar, and heart infusion tyrosine agar at 35°C in aerobic conditions. (cdc.gov)
  • Milk agar selects for bacteria based on their ability to catalyze the hydrolysis of the milk protein, casein, into amino acids for use as an alternative carbon source in anaerobic conditions (biosci. (nmmra.org)