Anaerobic bacteria carbon sugars hexose sugars into bacteria. Medical search. Frequent questions

Carbon is obtained mostly from hexose sugars, such as glucose and fructose, or disaccharides such as sucrose and maltose. (lutheransatcmu.org)
Enzymatic hydrolysis is the most common process to degrade the cellulose and hemicellulose into fermentable sugars such as glucose and xylose. (biomedcentral.com)
In Rhizobium species, a PEPCK-deficient mutant fails to grow on minimal medium with succinate or other citric acid cycle intermediates but can grow on glucose and glycerol as a sole carbon source, suggesting that PEPCK functions here as a key gluconeogenic enzyme ( 30 ). (asm.org)
The glycolytic pathway converts one hexose (a six-carbon carbohydrate such as glucose) into two triose molecules (three-carbon carbohydrate) such as pyruvate, to produce a net total of two molecules of ATP (four produced, two consumed) and two molecules of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). (jove.com)
Anaerobic glycolysis exclusively uses glucose (and glycogen) as a fuel in the absence of oxygen, or more specifically when ATP is needed at rates that exceed those provided by aerobic metabolism. (zestrestaurant.co.za)
Rather, it is an important energy "shuttle" whose production is triggered by a variety of metabolites even before the onset of anaerobic metabolism as part of an adaptive response to a hypermetabolic state and, in particular, during sepsis.2 Here, we review hyperlactatemia and lactic acidosis in Glycolysis is the first step in the breakdown of glucose to extract energy for cellular metabolism. (zestrestaurant.co.za)
Anaerobic glycolysis is a metabolic process in which glucose, a sugar molecule, is broken down without the use of oxygen.Like aerobic glycolysis, which metabolizes glucose in the presence of oxygen, it produces energy for the cells. (zestrestaurant.co.za)
Complete aerobic metabolism of glucose produces water andComplete aerobic metabolism of glucose produces water and The Reactions of Glycolysis Fermentation: The Anaerobic Fate of Pyruvate Control of Metabolic Flux Metabolism of Hexoses Other Than Glucose. (zestrestaurant.co.za)
If the aldolase reaction for triose → hexose evolved around glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate/dihydroxyacetone phosphate then perhaps the involvement of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate was dictated by the underlying chemistry of the aldolase condensation, and the steps to glucose followed from there. (stackexchange.com)
Caloramator celer is a strict anaerobic, alkalitolerant, thermophilic bacterium capable of converting glucose to hydrogen (H 2 ), carbon dioxide, acetate, ethanol and formate by a mixed acid fermentation. (biomedcentral.com)
Combining experimental results from batch fermentations with genome analysis, reconstruction of central carbon metabolism and metabolic flux analysis (MFA), this study shed light on glucose catabolism of the thermophilic alkalitolerant bacterium C. celer . (biomedcentral.com)
Glucose (Glc), a monosaccharide (or simple sugar ), is an important carbohydrate in biology . (wikidoc.org)
Two stereoisomers of the aldohexose sugars are known as glucose, only one of which ( D -glucose) is biologically active. (wikidoc.org)
Glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) contains six carbon atoms one of which is part of an aldehyde group and is therefore referred to as an aldohexose . (wikidoc.org)
As the ring contains five carbon atoms and one oxygen atom, which resembles the structure of pyran , the cyclic form of glucose is also referred to as glucopyranose. (wikidoc.org)
Glucose is one of these sugars, and L and D -glucose are two of the stereoisomers. (wikidoc.org)
An additional asymmetric center at C-1 (called the anomeric carbon atom ) is created when glucose cyclizes and two ring structures, called anomers are formed - α -glucose and β -glucose. (wikidoc.org)
These factors include sugar transporters and invertases as well as metabolites, including sucrose and glucose, which function as signalling molecules to modulate gene expression. (sun.ac.za)

The yeast species Saccharomyces cerevisiae converts carbohydrates to carbon dioxide and alcohols through the process of fermentation. (wikipedia.org)
Methane fermentation is a versatile biotechnology capable of converting almost all types of polymeric materials to methane and carbon dioxide under anaerobic conditions. (fao.org)
The final product of aerobic decomposition is CO2 and that of anaerobic decomposition are Hydrogen, ethyl alcohol (CH4), various organic acids and carbon dioxide (CO2). (agriinfo.in)
The final cleavages of these aromatic compounds yield organic acids, carbon dioxide, methane and water. (agriinfo.in)
By fermentation, the yeast species Saccharomyces cerevisiae converts carbohydrates to carbon dioxide and alcohols - for thousands of years the carbon dioxide has been used in baking and the alcohol in alcoholic beverages. (lutheransatcmu.org)
Biogas is competitive, viable, and generally a sustainable energy resource due to abundant supply of cheap feedstocks and availability of a wide range of biogas applications in heating, power generation, fuel, and raw materials for further processing and production of sustainable chemicals including hydrogen, and carbon dioxide and biofuels. (hindawi.com)
Pyruvic acid formed during glycolysis is broken down to produce alcohol and carbon dioxide and is released (which is used to form ATP). (zestrestaurant.co.za)
temperature exposure [Term] id: XCO:0000012 name: air carbon dioxide content def: "A condition in which the level of carbon dioxide in the air surrounding the organism or breathed by the organism is controlled as part of the experiment. (mcw.edu)
The English "yeast" and the Dutch "gist" are derived from the Greek term zestos which means boiled, a reference to the bubbling foam caused by the evolution of carbon dioxide. (biologydiscussion.com)

Various microorganisms including fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes both aerobic and anaerobic are involved in the decomposition of hemicelluloses. (agriinfo.in)
0000001853 00000 n 0000037081 00000 n 0000027082 00000 n Glycolysis Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell and is common to both aerobic and anaerobic respirations. (zestrestaurant.co.za)

Although practiced for decades, interest in anaerobic fermentation has only recently focused on its use in the economic recovery of fuel gas from industrial and agricultural surpluses. (fao.org)
This has been further compounded by depletion of fossil reserves, growing organic waste production, and global warming threats have combined to increase interest in anaerobic digestion and biogas fuel resources [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)

A description of microorganisms involved in methane fermentation, based on an analysis of bacteria isolated from sewage sludge digesters and from the rumen of some animals, is summarized in Fig. 4-1. (fao.org)
Dark fermentation is a potential carbon neutral process for production of H 2 from organic substrates by mesophilic or thermophilic anaerobic microorganisms. (biomedcentral.com)
Nous cherchons à comprendre les systèmes qu'utilisent C. phytofermentans pour fermenter la biomasse en combinant les mesures à haut débit de l'expression des gènes comme la protéomique ( Tolonen and Haas, 2014 ), la transcriptomique ( Boutard et al, 2014 ), et la métabolomique avec des analyses de la croissance, la fermentation et la microscopie (figure 1A). (cea.fr)

Most anaerobic bacteria undergo hexose metabolism via the Emden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway (EMP) which produces pyruvate as an intermediate along with NADH. (fao.org)
Partial breakdown into lactic acid or ethanol and CO2 Note: Bacteria have many different pathways for carbohydrate metabolism based on the enzymes they are able to produce. (studylib.net)
The genetic transformation of plants and the subsequent development of transgenic lines with disturbed sugar metabolism have made an unprecedented impact on the study of sugar translocation and -partitioning. (sun.ac.za)
For instance, the transformation of plants with a yeast-derived invertase targeted to different subcellular compartments has led to the elucidation of several key aspects of sugar metabolism, including phloem loading mechanisms, the regulation of photosynthesis by sugars, the importance of sugar-metabolism compartmentation with regards to sucrose biosynthesis, storage and distribution, as well as the role of cell-wall invertase in phloem unloading and sink strength. (sun.ac.za)

Mesophilic microorganisms are not capable of producing H 2 at high yield being it reported in the range of 1-2 mol H 2 /mol hexose [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Odoribacter splanchnicus 1651/6 is an anaerobe, mesophilic bacterium that was isolated from abdominal abscess. (dsmz.de)
Mangrovibacterium diazotrophicum DSM 27148 is a mesophilic bacterium that was isolated from mangrove sediment. (dsmz.de)

It gives potential opportunities for improving the efficiency of converting native lignocellulosic biomass to fermentable sugars. (biomedcentral.com)
Conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to fermentable sugars represents a major challenge in global efforts to utilize renewable resources in place of fossil fuels to meet the rising energy demands [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Plant biomass is considered as an abundant renewable resource that can be transformed into fermentable sugars for biofuel production. (biomedcentral.com)

The biochemistry and microbiology of the anaerobic breakdown of polymeric materials to methane and the roles of the various microorganisms involved, are discussed here. (fao.org)
The cellulolytic microorganisms responsible for degradation of cellulose through the excretion of enzymes (cellulase & Cellobiase) are fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes. (agriinfo.in)

As an exercise continues more than 10 seconds, the anaerobic glycolytic system takes charge of providing ATP. (zestrestaurant.co.za)
the glycolytic pathway of this nonpathogenic eukaryote, includ-ing a putative oxymonad-Entamoeba event, further reinforces the major role of LGT in the evolution of anaerobic glycolysis and suggests that it is selection for ATP efﬁciency and not pathogenicity that drives this phenomenon. (zestrestaurant.co.za)
At high P H2 the cellular redox state was balanced by rerouting the flow of carbon and electrons to ethanol and formate production allowing unaltered glycolytic flux and growth rate, but resulting in a decreased H 2 synthesis. (biomedcentral.com)

PEPCKs have been generally classified according to their nucleotide specificities: enzymes from bacteria, yeast, and plants mainly use adenosine nucleotides, but enzymes from a variety of eukaryotes and mammals use guanosine or inosine phosphates ( 24 ). (asm.org)
Strains deficient in all three enzymes cannot grow on C 4 -dicarboxylic acids as a sole carbon source, whereas strains retaining one of these enzymes are still able to grow ( 14 ). (asm.org)
These results demonstrate that the corn stover-adapted microbial consortium EMSD5 harbors a variety of lignocellulolytic anaerobic bacteria and degradative enzymes, especially those implicated in hemicellulose decomposition. (biomedcentral.com)
Le génome de C. phytofermentans code pour 171 enzymes qui dégradent les polysaccharides (CAZymes), soulignant l'ensemble complexe d'enzymes nécessaires pour transformer la biomasse en sucres. (cea.fr)

Studies of a pckA-lacZ gene fusion indicated that when cells were grown in minimal media with various carbon sources, such as succinate, malate, pyruvate, lactate, or ethanol, under both anaerobic light and aerobic dark conditions, the pckA gene was induced in log phase, irrespective of the carbon source. (asm.org)

This reaction is the first step in the gluconeogenic pathway, in which citric acid cycle intermediates are converted to hexose. (asm.org)
Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway and an anaerobic source of energy that has evolved in nearly all types of organisms. (zestrestaurant.co.za)
Anaerobic glycolysis is the main pathway responsible for supplying the cell with both ATP and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced) (NADH), a cofactor for methaemoglobin reductase, the enzyme that catalyses the reduction of methaemoglobin to functional haemoglobin (see … Download PDF for free. (zestrestaurant.co.za)
Note that the main carbon fixation pathway in photoautotrophs does indeed use this process: carbon fixation by RuBisCO generates 3-phosphoglycerate and the subsequent action of triosephosphate isomerase and aldolase generates fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. (stackexchange.com)

Hexoses and pentoses are generally converted to C 2 and C 3 intermediates and to reduced electron carriers (e.g. (fao.org)
Hemicelluloses are water-soluble polysaccharides and consists of hexoses, pentoses, and uronic acids and are the major plant constituents second only in quantity of cellulose, and sources of energy and nutrients for soil microflora. (agriinfo.in)
generate pentoses from hexoses - 2. (studylib.net)
generate hexoses from pentoses (gluconeogenesis) - 3. (studylib.net)

Anaerobic digestion occurs naturally, in the absence of oxygen, as bacteria break down organic materials and produce biogas. (zestrestaurant.co.za)
Why Anaerobic Digestion? (zestrestaurant.co.za)

Proteins are complex organic substances containing nitrogen, sulphur, and sometimes phosphorus in addition to carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. (agriinfo.in)
Yeast species either require oxygen for aerobic cellular respiration (obligate aerobes) or are anaerobic, but also have aerobic methods of energy production (facultative anaerobes). (lutheransatcmu.org)
The sugars and oxygen produced during photosynthesis supply energy for plant growth. (extramarks.com)
The process does not use oxygen and is therefore anaerobic. (zestrestaurant.co.za)
Aside from helium, living and cosmic matter arc principally composed of the same chemical elements, hydrogen oxygen-carbon-nitrogen, reading in order of abundance, as: C -O -H- N vs H -O- C- N. In contrast, the Earth has an entirely different bulk composition iron-oxygen-silicon-magnesium. (science-connections.com)

Yeasts lack chlorophyll and are unable to manufacture by photosynthesis from inorganic substrates the organic compounds required for growth, as do higher plants, algae, and even some bacteria. (biologydiscussion.com)

The word glycolysis originates from the Latin glyco (sugar) and lysis (breakdown). (jove.com)
anaerobic glycolysis and aerobic systems share the task of creating ATP for the few minutes it will take the performer to stop from exhaustion. (zestrestaurant.co.za)

Some species can metabolize pentose sugars like ribose,[17] alcohols, and organic acids. (lutheransatcmu.org)

In the second stage, hydrogen-producing acetogenic bacteria convert the higher volatile fatty acids e.g., propionic and butyric acids, produced, to H 2 , CO 2 , and acetic acid. (fao.org)
Purple nonsulfur bacteria (PNSB) are metabolically versatile organisms which are able to grow either aerobically in the dark or anaerobically in the light using hydrogen or organic compounds as electron donors and subsequently fixing CO 2 ( 16 ). (asm.org)

Sugars, water-soluble nitrogenous compounds, amino acids, lipids, starches and some of the hemicellulases are decomposed first at rapid rate, while insoluble compounds such as cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, proteins etc. which forms the major portion of organic matter are decomposed later slowly. (agriinfo.in)

On hydrolysis hemicelluloses are converted into soluble monosaccharide/sugars (eg. (agriinfo.in)

When subjected to microbial decomposition, hemicelluloses degrade initially at faster rate and are first hydrolyzed to their component sugars and uronic acids. (agriinfo.in)
To investigate host specificity, we used gnotobiotic Drosophila, microbial pulse-chase protocols, and microscopy to investigate the stability of different strains of bacteria in the fly gut. (bvsalud.org)

Transcript levels of the sucrose transporter NtSUT1 and hexose transporter NtMST1 encoding genes increased significantly in the source leaves and roots of Vac-Inv lines, whereas increased NtMst1 transcript levels were also detected in the roots of Apo-Inv lines. (sun.ac.za)

For a biotechnological exploitation of this bacterium for H 2 production it is crucial to understand the factors that regulate carbon and electron fluxes and therefore the final distribution of metabolites to channel the metabolic flux towards the desired product. (biomedcentral.com)

It is believed that mitochondria originally arose from bacteria which formed a symbiotic relationship with early eukaryotic cells. (histocutup.co.uk)

The pckA gene, encoding the gluconeogenic enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), was cloned by PCR amplification from the purple nonsulfur bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris No. 7. (asm.org)

At the population level, we further identified virus-host dynamics matching two existing ecological models: "Kill-The-Winner" which proposes that lytic phages are actively infecting abundant bacteria, and "Piggyback-The-Persistent" which argues that when the host is growing slowly, it is more beneficial to remain in a dormant state. (bvsalud.org)

The genus Caldicellulosiruptor , an obligatory anaerobic and extreme thermophile can produce a diverse set of glycoside hydrolases (GHs) for deconstruction of lignocellulosic biomass. (biomedcentral.com)

Unlike bacteria, there are no known yeast species that grow only anaerobically (obligate anaerobes). (lutheransatcmu.org)

The acetyl group of acetyl CoA contains two carbon atoms. (histocutup.co.uk)

The gut is continuously invaded by diverse bacteria from the diet and the environment, yet microbiome composition is relatively stable over time for host species ranging from mammals to insects, suggesting host-specific factors may selectively maintain key species of bacteria. (bvsalud.org)

All 6 ADHs are expressed, and Cphy3925 and Cphy1029 are among the most highly expressed proteins on all tested carbon sources (19, 39). (researchgate.net)
In addition, analysis of the coordinate expression patterns indicated that transport proteins and hypothetical proteins may play a role in bacteria processing lignocellulose. (biomedcentral.com)

the disease-causing bacterium was isolated and its morphological, physiological and biochemical characters were determined. (liverpool.ac.uk)

Additionally, international treaties like Agenda 21 and Kyoto Protocol advocate for a transition to renewable and low carbon sources of energy due to high greenhouse gas emissions associated with fossil fuels and the related climate change caused [ 4 , 5 ]. (hindawi.com)

Biogeochemical data indicated that the decomposition of native organic matter occurred in different phases, beginning with mineralization of dissolved organic matter (DOM) to CO 2 during the first week of incubation, followed by a pulse of acetogenesis that dominated carbon flux after 2 weeks. (frontiersin.org)

The microcosms were constructed and incubated under anaerobic conditions in serum bottles with an initial N 2 headspace and were sampled every 5 days for metagenome and metatranscriptome profiles in combination with biogeochemical measurements. (frontiersin.org)

On the other hand, thermophiles have shown great potential for H 2 generation, mainly because of the more favorable thermodynamics of the reaction at elevated temperatures which allows to generate a limited variety of by-products and to reach the theoretical yield of 4 mol H 2 /mol hexose [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

This process has the advantages of no sugar loss, few inhibitors generation and consolidated with sterilization. (biomedcentral.com)

A R. palustris No. 7 PEPCK-deficient strain showed growth characteristics identical to those of the wild-type strain either anaerobically in the light or aerobically in the dark when a C 4 -dicarboxylic acid, such as succinate or malate, was used as a carbon source. (asm.org)
These transgenic lines displayed varying increases in invertase activity, altered sugar levels and consequently disturbed sink-source interactions and sugar partitioning. (sun.ac.za)
Transgenic lines overproducing the yeast-derived invertase in either the vacuole (Vac-Inv) or apoplast (Apo-Inv) were utilised to analyse the effect of the altered sugar levels in sink and source organs on the expression of sugar transporters, as well as the endogenous cell wall invertase and inhibitors in these plants. (sun.ac.za)

The factors governing sugar partitioning co-ordinate its distribution in response to intrinsic and environmental signals. (sun.ac.za)

The name comes from the Greek word glykys ( γλυκύς ), which means "sweet", plus the suffix "-ose" which denotes a sugar . (wikidoc.org)

Anatomy11

Organisms64

Diseases9

Chemicals and Drugs86

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment22

Phenomena and Processes54

Disciplines and Occupations5

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science5

Health Care12

Glucose18

Dioxide9

Aerobic and anaerobic2

Interest in anaerobic2

Fermentation3

Metabolism4

Mesophilic3

Fermentable sugars3

Microorganisms2

Glycolytic3

Enzymes4

Ethanol1

Pathway4

Pentoses4

Digestion2

Oxygen5

Photosynthesis1

Glycolysis2

Pentose1

Hydrogen2

Hemicellulose1

Monosaccharide1

Microbial2

Sucrose1

Metabolic1

Mitochondria1

Enzyme1

Abundant1

Genus1

Yeast species1

Atoms1

Species1

Proteins2

Biochemical1

Renewable1

Decomposition1

Conditions1

Variety1

Process1

Source3

Factors1

Means1