This study evaluated acid production from cooked starch by Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Streptococcus sanguinis and Streptococcus mitis, and the effects of α-amylase inhibitors (maltotriitol and acarbose) and xylitol on acid production. (elsevierpure.com)
In many patients, use of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (acarbose and miglitol) may help. (medscape.com)
Proteins5
Enzyme inhibitors are a chemically diverse set of substances that range in size from organic small molecules to macromolecular proteins . (wikipedia.org)
In addition to small molecules, some proteins act as enzyme inhibitors. (wikipedia.org)
[6] Another class of inhibitor proteins is the ribonuclease inhibitors , which bind to ribonucleases in one of the tightest known protein-protein interactions . (wikipedia.org)
This family is composed of trypsin-alpha amylase inhibitors, seed storage proteins and lipid transfer proteins from plants. (nih.gov)
The proteins synthesized by parotid acinar cells are stored in large secretory granules whose composition includes α-amylase, leucine-rich parotid secretory protein (PSP), and proline-rich proteins (PRPs), in addition to multiple minor components 2-3 related to digestive and protective functions. (bvsalud.org)
ATIs3
METHODS: C57BL/6 (control), Myd88-/-, Ticam1-/-, and Il15-/- mice were placed on diets that lacked wheat or gluten, with or without wheat amylase trypsin inhibitors (ATIs), for 1 week. (mcmaster.ca)
Other potential culprits include amylase-trypsin inhibitors (ATIs) and fructans (found in FODMAPs). (celiac.org)
For example, alpha-amylase/trypsin inhibitors (ATIs) have been identified in gluten-containing products and appear to increase intestinal inflammation ( 8 ). (healthline.com)
Lipase2
Diagnosis is based on clinical presentation, serum amylase and lipase levels, and imaging studies. (msdmanuals.com)
Examples include methotrexate (used in chemotherapy and in treating rheumatic arthritis ) and the protease inhibitors used to treat HIV/AIDS . (wikipedia.org)
Inhibition5
Amylase inhibition has gastrointestinal and metabolic effects that may aid in the treatment of diabetes and obesity. (elsevierpure.com)
Reversible inhibitors produce different types of inhibition depending on whether they bind to the enzyme, the enzyme-substrate complex, or both. (wikipedia.org)
These medications cause reversible inhibition of pancreatic alpha-amylase and membrane-bound intestinal alpha-glucoside hydrolase enzymes. (medscape.com)
Inhibition of Aspergillus flavus Growth and Aflatoxin Production in Transgenic Maize Expressing the α-amylase Inhibitor from Lablab purpureus L. (jove.com)
Inhibition of composite films mixing with soil, the Michaelis-Menten reaction rates for α -amylase were inhibited ~1.72-2.03 times whereas the Michaelis-Menten reaction rates for manganese peroxidase were increased ~1.07-1.41 times compared to UcS film. (degruyter.com)
Wheat1
We tested whether 4 g of a commercially available wheat amylase inhibitor (WAI) affected postprandial carbohydrate (CHO) absorption and plasma glucose or hormones. (elsevierpure.com)
Inhibits3
is a protein family which inhibits mammalian alpha-amylases specifically, by forming a tight stoichiometric 1:1 complex with alpha-amylase. (wikipedia.org)
A Mulberry compound inhibits an enzyme that promotes the breakdown of specific carbohydrates as well as inhibits alpha-amylase. (nutmegstatenutrition.com)
An enzyme inhibitor stops ("inhibits") this process, either by binding to the enzyme's active site (thus preventing the substrate itself from binding) or by binding to another site on the enzyme such that the enzyme's catalysis of the reaction is blocked. (wikipedia.org)
Tendamistat3
A crystal structure has been determined for tendamistat, the 74-amino acid inhibitor produced by Streptomyces tendae that targets a wide range of mammalian alpha-amylases. (wikipedia.org)
The binding of tendamistat to alpha-amylase leads to the steric blockage of the active site of the enzyme. (wikipedia.org)
Structure of the alpha-amylase inhibitor tendamistat at 0.93 A". Acta Crystallogr. (wikipedia.org)
Blood Glucose1
DPP-4 inhibitors help lower blood glucose by increasing the production of insulin from the pancreas and reducing the release of glucose from the liver. (medicinenet.com)
Molecule3
An enzyme inhibitor is a molecule that binds to an enzyme and blocks its activity . (wikipedia.org)
Small molecule inhibitors include essential primary metabolites that inhibit upstream enzymes that produce those metabolites. (wikipedia.org)
[3] [2] Small molecule enzyme inhibitors also include secondary metabolites , which are not essential to the organism that produces them, but provide the organism with an evolutionary advantage, in that they can be used to repel predators or competing organisms or immobilize prey. (wikipedia.org)
Digestion1
α-glucosidase inhibitors delay the digestion and absorption of starch or carbohydrates by inhibiting enzymes in the small intestine which help breakdown these molecules. (medicinenet.com)
Enzymes3
[2] Enzyme inhibitors also control essential enzymes such as proteases or nucleases that, if left unchecked, may damage a cell. (wikipedia.org)
Many poisons produced by animals or plants are enzyme inhibitors that block the activity of crucial enzymes in prey or predators . (wikipedia.org)
The binding site of inhibitors on enzymes is most commonly the same site that binds the substrate of the enzyme. (wikipedia.org)
Recurrence1
The Significance of Surgical Biopsy in Case of the Resistance to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Postoperative Recurrence of Lung Cancer]. (cdc.gov)
Glycogen1
Alpha-amylase is an essential enzyme in alpha-glucan metabolism, acting to catalyse the hydrolysis of alpha-1,4-glucosidic bonds of glycogen, starch and related polysaccharides. (embl.de)
Potent2
4- O - β -tri- N -acetylchitotriosyl moranoline (GN 3 M) is a transition-state analogue for hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) and identified as the most potent inhibitor till date. (frontiersin.org)
Grape seed and tea extracts and catechin 3-gallates are potent inhibitors of α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity. (oregonstate.edu)
Proteases1
Proteases, lipases and amylases are widely found in cleaning products and can cause allergic reactions such as sneezing and coughing as well as more serious symptoms such as tightness of the chest and shortness of breath. (hsl.gov.uk)
Reversible1
By contrast, reversible inhibitors bind non-covalently and may spontaneously leave the enzyme, allowing the enzyme to resume its function. (wikipedia.org)
Humans2
Since anti-pathogen inhibitors generally target only one enzyme, such drugs are highly specific and generally produce few side effects in humans, provided that no analogous enzyme is found in humans. (wikipedia.org)
A low concentration of the enzyme inhibitor reduces the risk for liver and kidney damage and other adverse drug reactions in humans. (wikipedia.org)
Protein1
[7] A special case of protein enzyme inhibitors are zymogens that contain an autoinhibitory N-terminal peptide that binds to the active site of enzyme that intramolecularly blocks its activity as a protective mechanism against uncontrolled catalysis. (wikipedia.org)
Carbohydrates1
Streptococcal cell suspensions were anaerobically incubated with various carbohydrates that included cooked potato starch in the presence or absence of α-amylase. (elsevierpure.com)
Starch3
In the absence of α-amylase, both the fall in pH and the acid production rate from cooked starch were small. (elsevierpure.com)
For all streptococci, α-amylase inhibitors caused a decrease in acid production from cooked starch, although xylitol only decreased acid production by S. mutans and S. sobrinus. (elsevierpure.com)
These results suggest that cooked starch is potentially acidogenic in the presence of α-amylase, which occurs in the oral cavity. (elsevierpure.com)
Plant1
This family of inhibitors has no action on plant and microbial alpha amylases. (wikipedia.org)
Medicinal1
Medicinal enzyme inhibitors often have low dissociation constants , meaning that only a minute amount of the inhibitor is required to inhibit the enzyme. (wikipedia.org)
Reaction1
In addition, the effects of adding α-amylase inhibitors and xylitol to the reaction mixture were evaluated. (elsevierpure.com)
Acute1
Describe what routine laboratory tests can be altered by acute cholinesterase inhibitor toxicity. (cdc.gov)
Family1
Alpha-amylase is classified as family 13 of the glycosyl hydrolases and is present in archaea, bacteria, plants and animals. (embl.de)
Oral1
SGLT2 inhibitors or sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors are the newest class of oral diabetes medications. (medicinenet.com)
Enzyme7
enzyme (E) accelerates conversion of substrates (S) to products (P). Bottom: by binding to the enzyme, inhibitor (I) blocks binding of substrate. (wikipedia.org)
Enzyme inhibitors may bind reversibly or irreversibly. (wikipedia.org)
Irreversible inhibitors form a chemical bond with the enzyme such that the enzyme is inhibited until the chemical bond is broken. (wikipedia.org)
Enzyme inhibitors play an important role in all cells, since they are generally specific to one enzyme each and serve to control that enzyme's activity. (wikipedia.org)
Many drug molecules are enzyme inhibitors that inhibit an aberrant human enzyme or an enzyme critical for the survival of a pathogen such as a virus , bacterium or parasite . (wikipedia.org)
Hence the discovery and refinement of enzyme inhibitors is an active area of research in biochemistry and pharmacology . (wikipedia.org)
Amylases have at least one conserved calcium-binding site, as calcium is essential for the stability of the enzyme. (embl.de)
Patients1
Routine laboratory test results are usually normal in patients with cholinesterase inhibitor toxicity. (cdc.gov)
Activity2
α-Amylase inhibitors and xylitol might moderate this activity. (elsevierpure.com)
Gallardo F, Arya H, Pak N, Tagle, MA (1974) Toxic factors in chilean legumes II trypsin inhibitors activity. (springer.com)
Function1
Although all alpha-amylases possess the same catalytic function, they can vary with respect to sequence. (embl.de)
Studies1
Grannum PE (1979) Studies on alpha-amylase inhibitors in foods. (springer.com)
Production1
On the other hand, in the presence of α-amylase, the pH fell to 3.9-4.4 and the acid production rate was 0.61-0.92 μmol per optical density unit per min. (elsevierpure.com)