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FearNeural PathwaysEmotionsFacial ExpressionNeuronsBrain MappingConditioning, ClassicalMagnetic Resonance ImagingConditioning (Psychology)Neuronal Tract-TracersImage Processing, Computer-AssistedWheat Germ Agglutinin-Horseradish Peroxidase ConjugateAxonsRats, Sprague-DawleyThalamusBehavior, AnimalAfferent PathwaysLimbic SystemEfferent PathwaysRats, Long-EvansFunctional LateralityPrefrontal CortexBrainOlfactory PathwaysStilbamidinesSuperior ColliculiSeptal NucleiAvoidance LearningMemoryCerebral CortexExtinction, PsychologicalFreezing Reaction, CatalepticSynaptic TransmissionHippocampusProjectionNerve NetAnalysis of VarianceVisual PathwaysHorseradish PeroxidaseElectric StimulationElectroshockMicroinjectionsInterneuronsAnxietyPhotic StimulationThalamic NucleiProto-Oncogene Proteins c-fosNeuronal PlasticityAssociation LearningIbotenic AcidAxonal TransportKindling, Neurologicgamma-Aminobutyric AcidCatsRewardPonsNeural InhibitionCorticotropin-Releasing HormoneMuscimolNeurons, AfferentImaging, Three-DimensionalSynapsesReaction TimeEvoked PotentialsCuesAuditory PathwaysStartle ReactionAcoustic StimulationAction PotentialsArousalBiotinPhantoms, ImagingCorpus StriatumGeniculate BodiesRats, WistarBrain StemGyrus CinguliTime FactorsProsencephalonExcitatory Postsynaptic PotentialsAnimals, NewbornNucleus AccumbensDendritesExploratory BehaviorDextransPattern Recognition, VisualFaceImmunohistochemistryVesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 2Lipoid Proteinosis of Urbach and WietheOlfactory BulbMacaca mulattaFunctional NeuroimagingHypothalamusSpinal CordConditioning, OperantOncogene Proteins v-fosBasal GangliaCone-Beam Computed TomographyMediodorsal Thalamic Nucleus
NeuronsBasolateral amygdalaLateralHippocampusDorsalStimuliInputsHippocampal-amygdalaCorticalHypothalamusOlfactoryMedial prefroAfferentsAversiveLimbic structuresLocusStructuresForebrainNucleusEmotionalNeocortexMPFCCingulateParasympatheticBehavioralAnxietyPathwayBehaviorGABAergicABSTRACTInputGlutamateMolecularBrain regionsCentralCitationsParticipantsStructure
Neurons20
  • As a neural circuit, the glomerular layer receives direct input from afferent nerves, made up of the axons from approximately ten million olfactory receptor neurons in the olfactory mucosa, a region of the nasal cavity. (wikipedia.org)
  • The ends of the axons cluster in spherical structures known as glomeruli such that each glomerulus receives input primarily from olfactory receptor neurons that express the same olfactory receptor. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ex vivo recordings were performed in NAcS D 1 receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons receiving vmPFC input to examine punishment-related plasticity in this pathway. (nih.gov)
  • "Lysergic Acid Diethylamide and Serotonin: A-Comparison of Effects on Serotonergic Neurons and Neurons Receiving a Serotonergic Input" J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. . (erowid.org)
  • The effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and 5HT on central serotonergic neurons and those receiving a serotonergic input have been compared. (erowid.org)
  • Combining rabies-virus tracing, optical clearing (CLARITY), and whole-brain light-sheet imaging, we mapped the monosynaptic inputs to midbrain dopamine neurons projecting to different targets (different parts of the striatum, cortex, amygdala, etc) in mice. (elifesciences.org)
  • We found that most populations of dopamine neurons receive a similar set of inputs rather than forming strong reciprocal connections with their target areas. (elifesciences.org)
  • However, we found that dopamine neurons projecting to the posterior striatum were outliers, receiving relatively few inputs from the ventral striatum and instead receiving more inputs from the globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, and zona incerta. (elifesciences.org)
  • Dopamine neurons that target part of the brain called the posterior striatum receive relatively little input from the ventral striatum. (elifesciences.org)
  • Here, we used monosynaptic retrograde rabies mapping to examine the distribution of afferent neurons targeting four distinct classes of local inhibitory interneurons and four distinct classes of excitatory projection neurons in mouse infralimbic cortex. (biorxiv.org)
  • A more moderate hippocampal-thalamic dichotomy was found among the inputs targeting excitatory neurons that project to the basolateral amygdala, lateral entorhinal cortex, nucleus reuniens of the thalamus, and the periaqueductal gray. (biorxiv.org)
  • Some stressors involve an immediate threat to physiological homeostasis and require the rapid relay of peripheral signals to PVN neurons via direct serotonergic or catecholaminergic projections from brainstem nuclei [ 9 , 11 ]. (nature.com)
  • Moreover, a subpopulation of BA neurons receives stronger monosynaptic inputs from context-responding vCA1 neurons, whose activity was required for contextual fear learning and synaptic potentiation in the vCA1-BA pathway. (escholarship.org)
  • Bypassing the thalamocortical axis, AOB projection neurons target the amygdala, directly affecting behavior. (rwth-aachen.de)
  • I have received a Prima grant from SNSF and I am starting my own group of research in the VIB KU-Leuven Center for Brain & Disease research, where we will study the molecular trajectories of amygdala neurons during development. (klinglerlab.org)
  • Injections of FG into the rat entorhinal cortex labeled numerous neurons that were mainly located in the cortical and basolateral nuclei of the amygdala. (bio-biz-navi.com)
  • Since GABAergic projection neurons typically have low perikaryal levels of GABAergic markers it is actually possible that most or all of the amygdalar LRNP neurons are GABAergic. (bio-biz-navi.com)
  • 2013 In fact all major portions of the medial temporal lobe memory system are interconnected by various subpopulations of nonpyramidal GABAergic projection YM-53601 neurons (Jinno 2009 Caputi et al. (bio-biz-navi.com)
  • 2003 The principal neurons in the CBL are pyramidal-like projection neurons that utilize glutamate as an excitatory neurotransmitter whereas most nonpyramidal neurons in the CBL are interneurons that utilize GABA as an inhibitory neurotransmitter. (bio-biz-navi.com)
  • We were also the first to identify and map the dopaminergic projections to the habenula and the spinal cord, and reveal the special dendritic projections from the nigra compacta neurons that allow dopamine to be released from dendrites in the pars reticulata. (lu.se)
Basolateral amygdala5
  • The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) are positioned to exert top-down control over subcortical regions, such as the nucleus accumbens shell (NAcS) and basolateral amygdala, which encode positive and negative valence of ethanol (EtOH)-related stimuli. (nih.gov)
  • Optogenetic photosilencing was employed to assess the functional contribution of the vmPFC, dmPFC, vmPFC projections to NAcS, or vmPFC projections to basolateral amygdala, to punished EtOH-SA. (nih.gov)
  • Photosilencing vmPFC projections to the NAcS, but not to the basolateral amygdala, partially reversed suppression of EtOH lever presses on probe testing. (nih.gov)
  • 2012 Various aspects of fear learning and memory involve synchronization of theta activity in the basolateral amygdala and dorsal hippocampus (Seidenbacher et al. (bio-biz-navi.com)
  • Since the dorsal hippocampus and basolateral amygdala are not directly interconnected synchronization of theta activity between these structures may involve a relay in the entorhinal cortex (Mizuseki et al. (bio-biz-navi.com)
Lateral6
  • Although the origin of this failure is unclear, one candidate system involves control of emotional actions, coordinated through lateral frontopolar cortex (FPl) via amygdala and sensorimotor connections. (nature.com)
  • Cells in the amygdala, ventral lateral geniculate (VLG), the subiculum and the optic tectum, all of which receive projections from the raphe were tested for their response to microlontophoretic LSD and 5HT and i.v. LSD. (erowid.org)
  • Its most prominent projection (stria terminalis) runs in the wall of the lateral ventricle, ultimately connecting to the hypothalamic center. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The medulla receives blood supply from two main arteries: the posterior inferior cerebellar artery, which is a branch of the vertebral artery supplying the lateral parts of the medulla, and the anterior spinal artery supplying the medial components. (statpearls.com)
  • As the nucleus solitarius is in the lateral portion, it receives its blood supply through the inferior cerebellar artery. (statpearls.com)
  • Projections to areas of the sympathetic motor system (lateral horn spinal segments T1-L2/L3) are carried by the hypothalamospinal tract and they activate the sympathetic motor pathway. (sciencebeta.com)
Hippocampus7
Dorsal2
  • Projections to areas caudal to the hypothalamus go through the medial forebrain bundle, the mammillotegmental tract and the dorsal longitudinal fasciculus. (sciencebeta.com)
  • Compared with baseline, patients with CBT showed significantly decreased connectivity of the left amygdala with the right putamen, the left dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) and the right dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC). (biomedcentral.com)
Stimuli3
  • Recent evidence shows that overactivation of the amygdala under stressful stimuli causes rhythmic jaw muscle activity by over activating the mesencephalic and motor trigeminal nuclei. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Here, we show that activity in the ventral CA1 (vCA1) hippocampal projections to the basal amygdala (BA), paired with aversive stimuli, contributes to encoding conditioned fear memory. (escholarship.org)
  • Coordinated control of both the behavioral, as well as the ANS, response to threatening or aversive stimuli is mediated bilaterally within the forebrain by the amygdala. (uvm.edu)
Inputs4
  • The hypothalamus receives many inputs from the brainstem , the most notable from the nucleus of the solitary tract , the locus coeruleus , and the ventrolateral medulla . (cloudfront.net)
  • Interneurons expressing parvalbumin, somatostatin, or vasoactive intestinal peptide received a large proportion of inputs from hippocampal regions, while interneurons expressing neuron-derived neurotrophic factor received a large proportion of inputs from thalamic regions. (biorxiv.org)
  • Activation of the neuroendocrine response to stressors occurs at the level of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), which receives varying inputs depending on the nature of the stressor. (nature.com)
  • it receives inputs pertaining to blood pH, blood oxygen levels, and stretch receptors that are present in the lungs, then it regulates respiratory circuits through its projections. (statpearls.com)
Hippocampal-amygdala2
Cortical1
  • Lindvall, allowed for the first time the visualisation of the dopamine neuron system in its entirety, and allowed us to map anatomically the previously unknown dopamine projections to cortical and limbic areas. (lu.se)
Hypothalamus3
Olfactory2
  • The main olfactory bulb connects to the amygdala via the piriform cortex of the primary olfactory cortex and directly projects from the main olfactory bulb to specific amygdala areas. (wikipedia.org)
  • A detailed comparison of lhx5 -driven and vGLut2a -driven GFP in transgenic reporter lines revealed ancestral topological relationships between the thalamic eminence (EmT), the medial amygdala (MeA), the nLOT, and the integrative olfactory pallium. (frontiersin.org)
Medial prefro1
Afferents3
  • Nucleus solitarius is the recipient of all visceral afferents, and an essential part of the regulatory centers of the internal homeostasis, through its multiple projections with cardiorespiratory and gastrointestinal regulatory centers. (statpearls.com)
  • It has a role in afferents reaching the amygdala contributing to memory. (statpearls.com)
  • The availability of transgenic lynx2 knockout mice at UVM allows a unique opportunity to further investigate this protein's role in modulating nAChRs afferents to, and nAChRs within, the amygdala and tying together the function of the nicotinic acetylcholine system with the amygdala in the emotional control of health. (uvm.edu)
Aversive1
  • However, there is only limited evidence on how the aversive valence of the nociceptive signal itself is regulated in the amygdala [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Limbic structures1
  • As part of the limbic system , it has connections to other limbic structures including the amygdala and septum , and is also connected with areas of the autonomous nervous system . (cloudfront.net)
Locus1
  • At the circuitry level, PVA received innervation from central nucleus of amygdala, a known pain-associated locus. (iasp-pain.org)
Structures1
  • Thus, the study explains how the zebrafish amygdala and the complexly everted telencephalon topologically relate to the corresponding structures in mammals indicating that an elaborate amygdala ground plan evolved early in vertebrates, in a common ancestor of teleosts and tetrapods. (frontiersin.org)
Forebrain2
Nucleus4
  • The fear state that potentiates this reflex is subserved by the amygdala, and the potentiation itself depends on direct and indirect projections from the central nucleus and medial nucleus of the amygdala to the startle circuit at the level of the pons (Davis, 2006). (zurichhotelscentre.com)
  • [2] Interestingly, nucleus solitarius send projections to the limbic system that mediates the emotional response to altered cardiorespiratory values, and it plays a role in panic disorder. (statpearls.com)
  • As a result, activation of right central nucleus of amygdala with blue light was enough to induce persistent mechanical hyperalgesia. (iasp-pain.org)
  • For example, the suprachiasmatic nucleus receives sensory impulses from the retinal ganglion cells and synchronizes body functions with periods of light and dark, including releasing the sleep inducing hormone melatonin. (teentelsex.com)
Emotional3
  • Based on molecular and evolutionary-developmental characteristics, the study identifies the elaborate amygdala ground plan in zebrafish and stresses the evolution of a complex emotional system in early vertebrates. (frontiersin.org)
  • Comparable emotional phenomena are rarely discussed in fish in accordance with the current consensus that their amygdala is rather rudimentary and incomparable. (frontiersin.org)
  • The subjective perception", "en froid", of somatic disturbance leading to an unidentifiable emotional sensation. (slideserve.com)
Neocortex1
  • I next moved to the University of Geneva (Switzerland) for my postdoc and joined the group of Denis Jabaudon, where I used experimental and computational approaches based on RNA sequencing and axon tracing to address the emergence of projection neuron diversity during development in the mouse neocortex. (klinglerlab.org)
MPFC1
  • Furthermore, microarray gene analysis from mPFC punches taken after the extinction of fear-conditioning in mice showed increased lynx2 expression suggesting that reducing nAChR activation via lynx2 in projections to the amygdala are involved in fear extinction. (uvm.edu)
Cingulate1
  • Impaired connectivity between amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) rather than the activity pattern of the amygdala has been found to be related to anxiety symptoms severity [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Parasympathetic1
  • The whole problem is that Amygdala (our personified parasympathetic warrior) can't tell the difference between a projection and what is really there - and neither can the human being who is doing the projecting. (clarendonhousebooks.com)
Behavioral3
  • The early evolution of a complex amygdala, its organization and behavioral significance in basally derived vertebrates are poorly understood. (frontiersin.org)
  • Transgenic knockout (KO) mice lacking lynx2 display greater responses to acetylcholine and display enhanced fear and anxiety in a number of behavioral tests including the amygdala-mediated Pavlovian fear-conditioning paradigm. (uvm.edu)
  • However, it is still unclear whether effective group cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) could modulate the function of amygdala-related network. (biomedcentral.com)
Anxiety2
  • Amygdala is considered as the core pathogenesis of generalized social anxiety disorder (GSAD). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Especially, the changes of the connectivity between the left amygdala and the dACC positively correlated with changes of the anxiety symptom in patients. (biomedcentral.com)
Pathway1
  • Previous work, including ours, has demonstrated that stimulating the neuronal pathway from the PB to the central region of the amygdala (CeA) can substitute for an actual pain signal to drive an associative form of threat/fear memory formation. (biomedcentral.com)
Behavior2
  • Currently, higher circuits of affective behavior in anamniote non-tetrapod vertebrates ("fishes") are poorly understood, preventing a comprehensive understanding of amygdala evolution. (frontiersin.org)
  • Thus, alterations in amygdala neurotransmission would likely simultaneously affect both behavior and ANS activity. (uvm.edu)
GABAergic1
  • Molecular characteristics such as the distribution of substance P and the calcium-binding proteins parvalbumin (PV) and calretinin (CR) indicate, that the zebrafish extended centromedial (autonomic and reproductive) amygdala is predominantly located in the GABAergic and isl1 -negative territory. (frontiersin.org)
ABSTRACT1
  • Associate Members who are first and presenting authors of an abstract receive free registration. (asgct.org)
Input3
  • Synaptic input to iAMCs is irregular and sparse, whereas eAMCs receive periodic input from the network. (rwth-aachen.de)
  • Pain-modulatory circuits receive input from ascending pain transmission pathways as part of a recurrent network. (eneuro.org)
  • PB receives nociceptive input via the spinoparabrachial tract. (eneuro.org)
Glutamate1
  • Their FPl is overexcitable, as indexed by GABA/glutamate ratio at rest, and receives stronger amygdalofugal projections than non-anxious male participants. (nature.com)
Molecular1
  • Through molecular characterization and evolutionary-developmental considerations, we delineated the complex amygdala ground plan of zebrafish, whose everted telencephalon has made comparisons to the evaginated forebrains of tetrapods challenging. (frontiersin.org)
Brain regions2
  • Moreover, lynx2 mRNA is highly expressed though out the amygdala and in brain regions like the PFC. (uvm.edu)
  • Further studies began to study the interaction of amygdala with other brain regions since the GSAD are attributable to the mis-communication among different brain regions in a wide network rather than a single specific brain structure [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Central1
  • In more technical terms….A central signal-processing circuit receives both music and stimulation signals and routes those signals appropriately to the two ear buds. (puebloconsciente.com)
Citations1
  • Neuroanatomy, published in 1984, that has received over 1500 citations over the years, and one in volume 4 of Handbook of Physiology in 1986. (lu.se)
Participants1
  • SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: A total of 91,532 participants in the UK Biobank Study without CKD and not receiving lipid-lowering therapy. (bvsalud.org)
Structure1
  • Amygdala - little almond shaped structure near the temporal pole. (biomedcentral.com)