DNA, CircularGene AmplificationCircular DichroismNucleic Acid Amplification TechniquesDNA, SuperhelicalDNA, ViralBase SequenceMolecular Sequence DataPolymerase Chain ReactionNucleic Acid ConformationPlasmidsExtrachromosomal InheritanceNucleic Acid RenaturationDNA, BacterialHepatitis B Virus, DuckDNA ReplicationDNA, Single-StrandedDucksDNAEthidiumNucleic Acid DenaturationEscherichia coliElectrophoresis, Agar GelHepadnaviridae InfectionsDNA Restriction EnzymesDNA VirusesDNA PrimersCloning, MolecularSequence Analysis, DNANucleic Acid HybridizationDeoxyribonucleasesBlotting, SouthernIn Situ Hybridization, FluorescenceMicroscopy, ElectronDNA Topoisomerases, Type IRepetitive Sequences, Nucleic AcidCentrifugation, Density GradientHepadnaviridaeTemplates, GeneticPolynucleotide LigasesGenome, ViralRecombination, GeneticBacteriophage phi X 174Hepatitis, Viral, AnimalAmino Acid SequenceKineticsMutationHepatitis B virusSensitivity and SpecificityBacteriophagesColiphagesVirus ReplicationDNA-Directed DNA PolymeraseCell LineRestriction MappingGene DosageChromosome MappingMolecular WeightDNA Virus InfectionsDNA, CatenatedEndonucleasesDNA LigasesExonucleasesTemperatureSimian virus 40DNA Topoisomerases, Type IIPhylogenyDNA, RecombinantGenes, erbB-2DNA, SatelliteRNATranscription, GeneticGlossinidaeChromosomes, BacterialBinding SitesProtein ConformationBacterial ProteinsViral ProteinsSequence Homology, Nucleic AcidPhenanthridinesHepatitis B Virus, WoodchuckDNA-Binding ProteinsProtein Structure, SecondaryGenes, ViralSpecies SpecificityProtein BindingRNA, ViralModels, MolecularDNA ProbesOligodeoxyribonucleotidesSpectrophotometry, UltravioletGeminiviridaeTupaiaDNA, NeoplasmMarmotaTransformation, GeneticSubstrate SpecificityOligonucleotidesChromosomesDNA, Mitochondrial