Chemicals and Drugs
Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein URibonucleoproteins
SpliceosomeSnRNPsHeterogeneousProteinsAuxiliary factorSubunitU2AFMRNAIntronGenesSNRPA1CharacterizationMoleculesSnRNAMinorFactorGenomesUpstreamMotifSpliceSequenceBoundComponentsSpliceosomal small nuclear ribonucleoproteinsParticlesParticleComplexesMotifsCytoplasmicLocalizationEncodesIntronsMeshBranchProtein complexMajorHumanModification
Spliceosome15
  • This gene encodes a small (~35 kDa) subunit which plays a critical role in RNA splicing by recognizing and binding to AG nucleotides at the 3' splice site to facilitate spliceosome assembly. (wikipedia.org)
  • The core spliceosome component PRPF8 is essential for spliceosome assembly through its participation in ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes for splice-site recognition, branch-point formation and catalysis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This process is carried out by the human spliceosome machinery, in which over 300 proteins sequentially assemble with uridine-rich small nuclear RNA molecules (U snRNAs) to form distinct small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complexes (snRNPs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • This process is catalyzed by a multi-mega Dalton ribonucleoprotein complex called the spliceosome, which is assembled from five small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNP) in the form of RNA-protein complexes (U1, U2, U4, U5 and U6) and hundreds of proteins. (cuny.edu)
  • We showed that incubation with the NineTeen Complex (NTC)-related protein RBM22, which has been implicated in the remodeling of the U2-U6 snRNA complex to render it catalytically active, favors the formation of the three-helix conformer as seen in cryo-EM images of spliceosome. (cuny.edu)
  • It is carried out by the spliceosome, composed of five small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). (upf.edu)
  • Belongs also to the minor U12-dependent spliceosome, which is involved in the splicing of rare class of nuclear pre-mRNA intron (PubMed:15146077). (icr.ac.uk)
  • The major (U2) spliceosome removes majority of introns, while minute fraction of intron repertoire is processed by the minor (U12) spliceosome. (ijbs.com)
  • The major difference lies in the ribonucleotide components, while the major spliceosome contains U1, U2, U4, and U6 snRNPs, the minor one consists of functionally equivalent U11, U12, U4atac, and U6atac snRNPs, with U5 snRNP present in both spliceosomes [ 9 - 10 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • This subfamily corresponds to the RRM of U11/U12-35K, also termed protein HM-1, or U1 snRNP-binding protein homolog, and is one of the components of the U11/U12 snRNP, which is a subunit of the minor (U12-dependent) spliceosome required for splicing U12-type nuclear pre-mRNA introns. (nih.gov)
  • It may facilitate 5' splice site recognition in the minor spliceosome and play a role in exon bridging, interacting with components of the major spliceosome bound to the pyrimidine tract of an upstream U2-type intron. (nih.gov)
  • According to the current model of pre-mRNA splicing, the five splicing snRNPs (small nuclear ribonucleoproteins) are thought to assemble on the pre mRNA, forming a large ribonucleoprotein complex called a spliceosome (Protein-RNA complex that removes introns in eukaryotic nuclear RNAs. (maxanim.com)
  • Human pre-mRNA splicing involves dynamic stepwise reactions in a huge protein-RNA complex called "spliceosome," which includes five kinds of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins, called U snRNPs, and many protein factors. (innovitaresearch.com)
  • Splicing includes a series of biochemical reactions , which are catalyzed by the spliceosome , a complex of small nuclear ribonucleo-proteins ( snRNPs ). (wikidoc.org)
  • While the minor and major spliceosomes contain the same U5 snRNP , the minor spliceosome has different, but functionally analogous snRNPs for U1, U2, U4, and U6, which are respectively called U11 , U12 , U4atac, and U6atac. (wikidoc.org)
SnRNPs8
  • Purification of the individual snRNPs U1, U2, U5 and U4/U6 from HeLa cells and characterization of their protein constituents. (cyphergenomics.com)
  • A process is described for the purification of the person main small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) U1, U2, U5 and U4/U6 from HeLa cells. (cyphergenomics.com)
  • The spliceosomes consist of four small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) and over a hundred of non-snRNP proteins that associate with snRNPs at some point during the splicing [ 4 - 6 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • The splicing apparatus in eukaryotic messenger RNAs consists of several components called small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (discovered and named by J. Steitz and colleagues), abbreviated as snRNPs and pronounced "snurps. (maxanim.com)
  • It consists of five small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNPs) and over 200 additional proteins (Wahl et al. (biomedigs.org)
  • The core particles of the U1, U2, U4, and U5 snRNPs are formed by Sm proteins, whereas the LY404039 U6 snRNP contains the related Lsm2 (Like Sm2) to Lsm8 proteins (Tharun, 2009). (biomedigs.org)
  • Subsequently, U2 snRNP binds to the branch point, and a preformed complex of U4, U5, and U6 snRNPs is recruited to the intron. (biomedigs.org)
  • It is composed of the U1 , U2 , U4 , U5 , and U6 snRNPs . (wikidoc.org)
Heterogeneous4
  • 2012). The main families of these SFs are the Ser/Arg-rich (SR) proteins and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle (hnRNP) proteins. (biomedigs.org)
  • To analyze splicing activity, they selected HNRNPH1 pre-mRNA (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1) including a 56-nt short intron. (innovitaresearch.com)
  • Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L (hnRNP L) interacted with this ESS, and downregulation of hnRNP L expression induced an increase in the caspase-9a/9b ratio. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) C proteins, among the most abundant pre-mRNA-binding proteins in the eukaryotic nucleus, have a single RNP motif RNA-binding domain. (korea.ac.kr)
Proteins6
  • U2 and U6 small nuclear (sn)RNAs are the only snRNAs directly implicated in catalyzing the splicing of pre-mRNA, but assembly and rearrangement steps prior to catalysis require numerous proteins. (cuny.edu)
  • Sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and other autoimmune disorders contain antibodies against nuclear proteins. (elsevierpure.com)
  • In light of existing evidence that the mammalian Sm antigen E is a weaker autoantigen than other small nuclear RNA-associated proteins, these results suggest a possible correlation between a protein's capacity to serve as an autoantigen during breakdown of the host's immunological tolerance and its extent of evolutionary conservation, whereas the inverse relationship applies to conventional immunity. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The team began by searching for essential factors to splice out human short introns from 154 human nuclear proteins. (innovitaresearch.com)
  • They downregulated these proteins' expression in a human cell line (HeLa cells) using small interfering RNAs (siRNA). (innovitaresearch.com)
  • Family of C2H2-type zinc fingers, present in matrin, U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein C and other RNA-binding proteins. (embl.de)
Auxiliary factor4
  • U2AF1 is a subunit of the U2 Auxiliary Factor complex alongside a larger subunit, U2AF2. (wikipedia.org)
  • Expression of IRAK4-L is mediated by mutant U2 small nuclear RNA auxiliary factor 1 (U2AF1) and is associated with oncogenic signalling in MDS and AML. (cancer-genetics.org)
  • U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein auxiliary factor 35 kDa subunit- related protein 2 (U2(RNU2) small nuclear RNA auxiliary factor 1-like 2) (CCCH type zinc finger, RNA-binding motif and serine/arginine rich protein 2) (Renal carcinoma antigen NY-REN-20). (yellowcouch.org)
  • U2 auxiliary factor 2 (U2AF2) showed strong correlation with SNHG4 , while low-expression of U2AF2 showed good prognosis. (xiahepublishing.com)
Subunit2
  • Here, we report that neuronal downregulation of Splicing factor 3b subunit 2 (SF3B2), a component of U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP), preserves retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival and axonal integrity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)-induced mice. (listlabs.com)
  • U2AF35, the small subunit of U2AF, binds to the intron/exon border, whereas the large subunit U2AF65 binds to a region rich in pyrimidines designated the polypyrimidine tract (Figure 1). (biomedigs.org)
U2AF1
  • The initial step of splice site recognition comprises U1 snRNP binding to the 5splice site and U2 auxillary factor (U2AF) binding to the 3splice site. (biomedigs.org)
MRNA8
  • U2AF1 is a non-snRNP protein required for the binding of U2 snRNP to the pre-mRNA branch site. (wikipedia.org)
  • SF3B complex is required for 'A' complex assembly formed by the stable binding of U2 snRNP to the branchpoint sequence (BPS) in pre-mRNA. (icr.ac.uk)
  • Sequence independent binding of SF3A/SF3B complex upstream of the branch site is essential, it may anchor U2 snRNP to the pre-mRNA (PubMed:12234937). (icr.ac.uk)
  • The splicing factor 3b/3a complex binds pre-mRNA upstream of the intron's branch site in a sequence independent manner and may anchor the U2 snRNP to the pre-mRNA. (cancer-genetics.org)
  • In this paper we report the use of Sm autoantibodies to isolate a cDNA clone for the mRNA of one of these nuclear antigens. (elsevierpure.com)
  • This cloned Sm antigen comigrated with the small nuclear RNA-associated protein known as 'E' and reacted with four out of four Sm autoantibodies that precipitate E protein from total mRNA translation products. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The essential splicing signal sequences in pre-mRNA-the 5' splice site, the branch-site sequence, and the poly-pyrimidine tract (PPT) followed by the 3′ splice site-are bound by the splicing factors U1 snRNP, U2 snRNP, and U2AF 65 /U2AF 35 , respectively, which together constitute the spliceosomal A complex. (innovitaresearch.com)
  • Little is known about the mechanisms governing caspase-9 expression, but post-transcriptional pre-mRNA processing generates 2 splice variants from the caspase-9 gene, pro-apoptotic caspase-9a and anti-apoptotic caspase-9b. (elsevierpure.com)
Intron2
  • These results are compatible with the hypothesis that the high level of conservation of U12 intron positions and their persistence in genomes despite the unidirectional U12 to U2 conversion are explained by the role of the slowly excised U12 introns in down-regulation of gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Because of the stronger signal constrain at the 5´ SS of U12-type introns, this process is believed to be unidirectional, as switching intron type from U2 to U12 would require too many concurrent changes [ 7 , 14 , 16 ]. (ijbs.com)
Genes6
  • Whithout mutations we would know very little about inheritance and the existence of genes. (intechopen.com)
  • Member of nuclear ARP family of genes. (or.jp)
  • We report that the positions of minor, U12 introns are conserved in orthologous genes from human and Arabidopsis to an even greater extent than the positions of the major, U2 introns. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The U12 introns, especially, conserved ones are concentrated in 5'-portions of plant and animal genes, where the U12 to U2 conversions occurs preferentially in the 3'-portions of genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Long non-coding RNA small nucleolar RNA host genes (SNHGs) play a critical role in the occurrence and development of tumors. (xiahepublishing.com)
  • The puzzle of how a relatively small number of genes can give rise to the vast complexity and variety of vertebrate biology is a complicated one, but its main solution can be found in the path between the genome and the proteome. (chemistryworld.com)
SNRPA11
  • SNRPA1 is a nuclear protein associated with sn-RNP U2. (nih.gov)
Characterization1
  • Characterization of DNA binding, transcriptional activation, and regulated nuclear association of recombinant human NFATp. (colorado.edu)
Molecules1
  • One such autoantibody system, known as Sm, reacts with antigens associated with small nuclear RNA molecules. (elsevierpure.com)
SnRNA3
  • It helps the A' protein to bind stem loop IV of U2 snRNA. (nih.gov)
  • Previous studies have shown that the protein-free U2-U6 snRNA complex adopts two conformations in equilibrium, characterized by four and three helices surrounding a central junction. (cuny.edu)
  • To analyze the role of the central junction in positioning elements forming the active site, we derived three-dimensional models of the two conformations from distances measured between fluorophores at selected locations in constructs representing the protein-free human U2-U6 snRNA complex by time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer. (cuny.edu)
Minor1
  • U2-type and U12-type introns, which are excised by the major and minor spliceosomes, respectively [ 7 - 8 ]. (ijbs.com)
Factor4
  • SF3B associates with the splicing factor SF3A and a 12S RNA unit to form the U2 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins complex (U2 snRNP). (icr.ac.uk)
  • Splicing factor 3b, together with splicing factor 3a and a 12S RNA unit, forms the U2 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins complex (U2 snRNP). (cancer-genetics.org)
  • Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) was the dominant alternatively spliced isoform in MDS and AML and is characterized by a longer isoform that retains exon 4, which encodes IRAK4-long (IRAK4-L), a protein that assembles with the myddosome, results in maximal activation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of B cells (NF-κB) and is essential for leukaemic cell function. (cancer-genetics.org)
  • Nuclear receptor-binding factor 2 (NRBF-2) (Comodulator of PPAR and RXR). (yellowcouch.org)
Genomes1
  • We analyzed the available data on U12 introns in human and Arabidopsis thaliana genomes in order to systematically compare their conservation with that of U2 introns. (biomedcentral.com)
Upstream1
  • The BPS of U2-type introns is usually located 18-40 nucleotides upstream of the 3' splice site, in contrast to the U12-type introns, where it is restricted to 12-15 nucleotides [ 8 , 11 - 12 , 15 ]. (ijbs.com)
Motif1
  • It contains a conserved RNA recognition motif (RRM), also termed RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain), followed by an adjacent glycine-rich region, and Arg-Asp and Arg-Glu dipeptide repeats rich domain, making U11/U12-35K a possible functional analog of U1-70K. (nih.gov)
Splice1
  • Here we demonstrate that the ratio of caspase-9 splice variants is dysregulated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors. (elsevierpure.com)
Sequence1
  • A beta-hairpin comprising the nuclear localization sequence sustains the self-associated states of nucleosome assembly protein 1. (colorado.edu)
Bound1
  • C2 Complex-U2/U5/U6 remain bound to the lariat, and the 3' site is cleaved and exons are ligated using ATP hydrolysis. (wikidoc.org)
Components1
  • Together with other U2 snRNP complex components may also play a role in the selective processing of microRNAs (miRNAs) from the long primary miRNA transcript, pri-miR-17-92 (By similarity). (icr.ac.uk)
Spliceosomal small nuclear ribonucleoproteins1
Particles2
  • In Drosophila, two nuclear proteins of approximately 26,000 and 14,000 molecular weight are recognized by a human autoimmune antibody for mammalian ribonucleoprotein (RNP) particles that contain U1 small nuclear RNA. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles and the pathway of mRNA formation. (expasy.org)
Particle2
  • 17. Identification and characterization of a yeast gene encoding the U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle B" protein. (nih.gov)
  • Crystal structure of the human U4/U6 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle-specific SnuCyp-20, a nuclear cyclophilin. (mpg.de)
Complexes2
  • This function is carried out by the splicing machinery which comprises RNA-protein complexes called little nuclear ribonucleoprotein contaminants (snRNP). (biosemiotics2013.org)
  • Highly conserved nuclear RNA-protein complexes that function in RNA processing in the nucleus, including pre-mRNA splicing and pre-mRNA 3'-end processing in the nucleoplasm, and pre-rRNA processing in the nucleolus (see RIBONUCLEOPROTEINS, SMALL NUCLEOLAR). (jefferson.edu)
Motifs2
  • Three distinct ribonucleoproteins from tobacco chloroplasts: each contains a unique amino terminal acidic domain and two ribonucleoprotein consensus motifs. (expasy.org)
  • Zinc finger (Znf) domains are relatively small protein motifs which contain multiple finger-like protrusions that make tandem contacts with their target molecule. (embl.de)
Cytoplasmic2
  • METHODS: The location of circRNA_15430 in GC cells were detected by nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA fractionation and RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis (FISH) assays, and circRNA_15430, miR-382-5p and ZCCHC14 expression in GC cell lines and tissues were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). (bvsalud.org)
  • Agronomic traits are linked to cytoplasmic-nuclear genome interactions. (biomedcentral.com)
Localization1
  • it specifically binds nuclear localization sequences. (expasy.org)
Encodes1
  • Encodes a nuclear WD40 protein that is imported into the nucleus. (or.jp)
Introns3
  • These splicing defects involve retention of the U12-type introns while splicing of the U2-type introns remain mostly unaffected. (biosemiotics2013.org)
  • The U12-type introns coexist with U2-type introns in a number of genes involved with essential cellular features such as for example DNA replication RNA digesting DNA restoration and translation21. (biosemiotics2013.org)
  • We display that ZRSR2 takes on a pivotal part in splicing from the U12-type introns as the U2-reliant splicing is basically unaffected. (biosemiotics2013.org)
Mesh1
  • Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (jefferson.edu)
Branch1
  • E7107 inhibits splicing by obstructing association of U2 snRNP with the intron branch point in pre-mRNAs. (acancerjourney.info)
Protein complex2
  • 4. Crystal structure of the spliceosomal U2B"-U2A' protein complex bound to a fragment of U2 small nuclear RNA. (nih.gov)
  • A nuclear RNA-protein complex that plays a role in RNA processing. (nih.gov)
Major2
  • also called splicing assays claim that ZRSR2 is necessary for effective splicing of both major as well as the small course of introns23. (biosemiotics2013.org)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear" by people in this website by year, and whether "Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (jefferson.edu)
Human1
  • To date, little is known about the hypothetical human Aar2 (hsAar2) orthologue C20ORF4. (ox.ac.uk)
Modification1
  • The process known as SUMO conjugation or SUMOylation is a rapid, reversible post-translational modification (PTM) consisting of the covalent attachment of a small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) peptide to a lysine residue in the target protein. (acp2018.org)