The Haber process now produces 500 million tons of artificial fertilizer per year, mostly in the form of anhydrous ammonia, ammonium nitrate, and urea. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Effects of Nitrate and Ammonium on Nitrogenase (C 2 H 2 Reduction) Activity of Swards of Subterranean Clover, Trifolium subterraneum L. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 13 (2):257-273. (creation.com)
Plants can then assimilate this ammonium ion themselves or other bacteria can change it to nitrate (NO 3 -) by nitrification. (cbsetuts.com)
a) fixation of nitrogen in legumes (b) fixation of atmospheric nitrogen (c) conversion from nitrate to nitrite in legumes (d) conversion from ammonium to nitrate in soil. (studiestoday.com)
This process converts organic nitrogen into inorganic forms, such as ammonium (NH₄⁺) and nitrate (NO₃⁻), which are then readily available for uptake by other plants or incorporated into the soil organic matter. (backyardgardenseeds.com)
As these organic compounds break down, they undergo mineralization, converting the organic nitrogen into inorganic forms, such as ammonium and nitrate, which are more readily available for uptake by other plants or incorporation into the soil. (backyardgardenseeds.com)
It occurs in presence of an enzyme nitrogenase, which is active only under anaerobic conditions. (biokaryon.com)
In this nitrogen fixation occurs with the help of a biological agent/diazotrophs like bacteria, strictly under anaerobic conditions, using the enzyme nitrogenase. (biokaryon.com)
Our data reveal a dominantly anaerobic marine nitrogen cycle in which ammonium-replete ferruginous waters underlay an ephemeral oxygen oasis. (nature.com)
Therefore, SRB may supply fixed N to these systems, countering some of the N lost via microbial processes, such as denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation. (copernicus.org)
Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) refers to a microbial mediated process based upon an enzymatic "Nitrogenase" conversion of atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonium readily absorbable by roots. (profoundtips.com)
The plant supplies the rhizobia with carbohydrates and a suitable environment, while the rhizobia convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia through an enzyme called nitrogenase. (backyardgardenseeds.com)
Atmospheric4
The bacteria reside in these root nodules, where they use a nitrogenase enzyme to convert atmospheric nitrogen (N2) to ammonium (NH4+), a form of nitrogen available to the plant. (pioneer.com)
The conversion can be done either by industrial nitrogen fixation (i.e., manufacturing of ammonium salts and urea or chemical fertilizers) or by some nitrogen-fixing bacteria such as Azotobactor (occurs freely in soil) and Rhizobium (occurs in root nodules of leguminous plants as pea, gram, bean, etc.) which convert the atmospheric nitrogen into water-soluble nitrates. (cbsetuts.com)
Molybdenum nitrogenase (Nif), which catalyzes the reduction of dinitrogen to ammonium, has modulated the availability of fixed nitrogen in the biosphere since early in Earth's history. (umn.edu)
Thus, it was of great importance for the development of life on early Earth to be able to convert gaseous dinitrogen from the atmosphere into a bio-available form - ammonium. (scitechdaily.com)
Oxygen9
Nitrogenase enzyme is sensitive to oxygen. (biokaryon.com)
because the enzymes responsible for nitrogenase action are highly susceptible to destruction by oxygen. (excellup.com)
This bacterium fixes nitrogen under aerobic conditions, being able to protect its oxygen sensitive nitrogenase complex from damage by respiratory protection [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Restricted oxygen availability could have allowed the upwelling ammonium to reach the photic zone to provide ample nitrogen to fuel a prolific Late Archaean biosphere. (nature.com)
Monthly samplings were performed over the course of one year to measure nitrogenase activity (NA) and sulfate reduction rates, to determine the seasonal variations in bioturbation (bioirrigation) activity and important benthic geochemical profiles, such as sulfur and N compounds, and to monitor changes in water column temperature and oxygen concentrations. (copernicus.org)
a) inhibition of nitrogenase activity (b) oxygen removal (c) nodule differentiation (d) expression of nif gene. (studiestoday.com)
After an animal excretes urea or uric acid or after an animal or plant dies, certain bacteria carry out ammonification: they produce ammonium ions (NH 4 +) from nitrogen-containing molecules. (cbsetuts.com)
NifH3
At the highest OTR condition, a decrease in the NADPH/NADP + ratio of threefold was observed, probably as a response to the high respiration rate induced by the respiratory protection of the nitrogenase under diazotrophic conditions, correlating with a high expression of the uncoupled respiratory chain genes ( ndhII and cydA ) and induction of the expression of the genes encoding the nitrogenase complex ( nifH ). (biomedcentral.com)
The genes analyzed were as follows: nitrogenase reductase gene (nifH), hydrazine synthase gene (hzsA), nitrous oxide reductase gene (nosZ), copper-containing (nirK) and cytochrome cd1-containing (nirS) nitrite reductase genes, nitrite oxidoreductase gene (nxrB), and ammonium monooxygenase gene (amoA). (archive.org)
Molecular analysis demonstrated the presence of nifH sequences related to two known N 2 fixing SRB, namely Desulfovibrio vulgaris and Desulfonema limicola , supporting the hypothesis that some of the nitrogenase activity detected may be attributed to SRB. (copernicus.org)
Ions1
Ans: Clostridium species reduce nitrite to ammonium ions and this process is called nitrite ammonification. (realstore.com.br)
Reductase1
Nitrogenase enzyme is a complex of two subunits: Dinitrogenase reductase and dinitrogenase. (biokaryon.com)
The key to biofixation is the enzyme nitrogenase which catalyzes the splitting of N 2 . (cbsetuts.com)
Conversion2
N 2 fixation is the biogeochemically important conversion of N 2 to ammonium (NH 4 + ) by the enzyme nitrogenase followed by assimilation into biomass. (nature.com)
The conversion of N 2 to NH 4 + is energetically costly and requires high nitrogenase levels 10 . (nature.com)
Organic1
Driven by the emergence of oxygenic photosynthesis, increased primary productivity could have periodically strengthened export production, which allowed for the accumulation of ammonium in the water column during organic matter degradation. (nature.com)
Enzyme12
The enzyme restores the activity of EC 1.18.6.1 by catalyzing the removal of ADP-ribose from an arginine residue of the dinitrogenase reductase component of nitrogenase. (expasy.org)
The combined activity of this enzyme and EC 2.4.2.37 controls the level of activity of nitrogenase. (expasy.org)
The combined action of this enzyme and EC 3.2.2.24 controls the CC activity level of nitrogenase (EC 1.18.6.1). (expasy.org)
In the presence of ammonium, the product of nitrogenase, this enzyme CC covalently links an ADP-ribose moiety to a specific arginine residue CC of the dinitrogenase reductase component of nitrogenase, blocking its CC activity. (expasy.org)
Zinc is particularly important for nitrogen-fixing organisms, including Azotobacter , because they are so reliant on ATP to fuel the nitrogenase enzyme that converts atmospheric nitrogen to ammonium nitrogen in the soil. (nutri-tech.com.au)
[3] Within the bacterium, atmospheric nitrogen (N 2 ), which is typically unusable to plants, is converted to ammonium (NH 4 + ) via the activity of the enzyme nitrogenase . (scienceandfood.org)
Several different methods have been proposed, including genetically modifying plants so that they themselves produce nitrogenase, the enzyme that nitrogen fixers use to convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonium, or engineering non-legume plants to produce root nodules. (bioengineer.org)
Under conditions of extreme low-nitrogen stress in the model diazotroph Klebsiella oxytoca, we found remarkably high heterogeneity of nifHDK gene expression, which codes for the structural genes of nitrogenase, one key enzyme of the global nitrogen cycle. (imperial.ac.uk)
Each one carries a special enzyme complex, called nitrogenase, that allows it to carry out fixation at temperatures and pressures capable of permitting life-something industrial nitrogen fixation does not allow. (blogspot.com)
Counterintuitively, the nitrogenase enzyme was more abundant under co-stress as opposed to single nutrient stress. (copernicus.org)
The data showed, that under anaerobic conditions, the active manganese-enzyme is induced in the presence of potassium ferricyanide, copper-cyanide complex, ammonium persulfate, and hydrogen peroxide. (ncsu.edu)
A brief description of our discovery of an alternative nitrogenase which is not a molybdenum or vanadium enzyme is presented, followed by a summary of recent papers describing an alternative vanadium-containing nitrogenase. (ncsu.edu)
Nitrogen fixation is the conversion, by bacteria, of nitrogen gas into ammonium (NH 4 + ) and then organic nitrogen ( proteins , nucleic acids , and other nitrogen-containing compounds). (blogspot.com)
Diazotrophs are species of soil bacteria and archaea that naturally "fix" atmospheric nitrogen into ammonium, a source that plants can use. (bioengineer.org)
Sulphate3
A crude thiosulphate-oxidizing extract of Thiobacillus A2 has been resolved by ammonium sulphate fractionation and DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B chromatography into fractions containing several components necessary for thiosulphate oxidation and reduction of cytochrome c. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Analysis revealed that digested liquid treated soils released more CH4 compared to ammonium sulphate and the control. (chinaagrisci.com)
Ammonium sulphate treated soil emitted the highest N2O whereas digested liquid application decreased its emission significantly. (chinaagrisci.com)
Amino acids2
The nitrogen of ammonium is converted to other more complex compounds that are beneficial to humans, like amino acids - the building blocks of protein. (scienceandfood.org)
Cells were attracted to compounds in the order ammonium chloride greater than amino acids greater than organic acids. (shengsci.com)
Uptake1
In heterocystous cyanobacterianitrogenase and uptake hydrogenase are expressed in heterocysts, while the bidirectional hydrogenase is present in both heterocysts and vegetative cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Soil2
Some of the ammonium is taken up by microbes in the soil. (blogspot.com)
Similarly, the lack of phosphorus in soil reduces the number and mass of nodules as well as the activity of nitrogenase in legumes [7]. (scirp.org)
Occurs2
This activity occurs only when the nitrogenase product, ammonium, is not available. (expasy.org)
Ammonification occurs when decomposers break down organic matter (such as dead plants and animals) and release ammonium. (emailsignlogin.com)
Convert1
N2-fixing prokaryotes (diazotrophs) can convert N2 gas into ammonium and provide significant input of N into the oceans. (dissertations.se)
Expression2
Here, results from long-term growth experiments, gene expression, and (15)N(2)-isotope measurements confirm that strain 195 is capable of fixing atmospheric dinitrogen when a defined fixed-nitrogen source such as ammonium is unavailable. (nih.gov)
Through stochastic transcription models and mutual information analysis, we revealed likely molecular origins for heterogeneity in nitrogenase expression. (imperial.ac.uk)
Plants1
Some of the ammonium is taken up by plants as they grow. (blogspot.com)
Presence1
Genome annotation of the chlorinated ethene-respiring 'Dehalococcoides ethenogenes' strain 195 indicated the presence of a complete nitrogenase operon. (nih.gov)