Ammonium cations. Medical search. Frequent questions

In organic chemistry, quaternary ammonium cations, also known as quats, are positively-charged polyatomic ions of the structure [NR4]+, where R is an alkyl group, an aryl group or organyl group. (wikipedia.org)
Unlike the ammonium ion (NH+4) and the primary, secondary, or tertiary ammonium cations, the quaternary ammonium cations are permanently charged, independent of the pH of their solution. (wikipedia.org)
Quaternary ammonium salts or quaternary ammonium compounds (called quaternary amines in oilfield parlance) are salts of quaternary ammonium cations. (wikipedia.org)
CH3(CH2)_{\mathit {n}}N(CH3)2CH2C6H5]+Cl-}}} Quaternary ammonium cations are unreactive toward even strong electrophiles, oxidants, and acids. (wikipedia.org)
Quaternary ammonium cations containing N−C−C−H units can also undergo the Hofmann elimination and Emde degradation. (wikipedia.org)

5.1 This test method is applicable to the analysis of new materials that are sold as mixtures and to samples taken from regenerable units containing mixtures of anion-exchanging and cation-exchanging materials. (astm.org)
5.2 This test method is intended for mixtures of ion-exchange materials that have salt-splitting capacity as measured by Test Method E of Test Methods and Practices D2187 for cation-exchange resins, and Test Method H for anion-exchange resins. (astm.org)
The anion-exchanging materials in this class are styrene-based materials with quaternary ammonium functional groups. (astm.org)
It is not necessary that the cation-exchanging resin be in the hydrogen form and the anion-exchanging resin be in the hydroxide form for this test method. (astm.org)
1.1 This test method determines the ratio between the equivalents of anion-exchange capacity and the equivalents of cation-exchange capacity present in a physical mixture of salt-splitting anion-exchange material and salt-splitting cation-exchange material. (astm.org)
8] "Comparison of 'type I' and 'type II' organic cation transport by organic cation transporters and organic anion-transporting polypeptides. (tcdb.org)
5.3 The test method as written assumes that the cation exchange material has been regenerated to the hydrogen form with acid and the anion exchange material has been regenerated with alkali to the hydroxide or free-base form. (astm.org)
5.4 In most cases the product tested will be properly mixed and will contain the correct proportions of anion and cation exchange materials. (astm.org)
an acid effluent at breakthrough indicating an excess of regenerated cation exchange groups and an alkaline effluent an excess of regenerated anion exchange groups. (astm.org)
It should be noted, however, that not all units are charged with a balanced ratio of anion-exchanging and cation-exchanging groups. (astm.org)
The mol-ecule has an intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bond between the ammonium cation and the hydro-phosphate anion. (iucr.org)
Struvite stones are also known as triple-phosphate (3 cations associated with 1 anion), infection (or infection-induced), phosphatic, and urease stones. (medscape.com)

Because of their resilience, many unusual anions have been isolated as the quaternary ammonium salts. (wikipedia.org)
In chemistry , a salt is a chemical compound consisting of an ionic assembly of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions, which results in a compound with no net electric charge . (wikipedia.org)
Salts exist in many different colors , which arise either from their constituent anions, cations or solvates . (wikipedia.org)
sodium chloride , magnesium sulfate heptahydrate appear colorless or white because the constituent cations and anions do not absorb light in the part of the spectrum that is visible to humans. (wikipedia.org)
excellent long- and short-term precision in relative retention times were obtained for both cations and anions. (unboundmedicine.com)
A1 - Lurie,I S, PY - 1996/9/1/pubmed PY - 1997/12/31/medline PY - 1996/9/1/entrez SP - 237 EP - 42 JF - Journal of capillary electrophoresis JO - J Capillary Electrophor VL - 3 IS - 5 N2 - Methodology is presented for the analysis of cations and anions in illicit heroin using CE with indirect UV detection. (unboundmedicine.com)
Thus, the cation conformation is modified when substituting sulfate or chloride anions by nitrates. (iucr.org)
Nitrogen is present in water as nitrite and nitrate anions, as ammonium cations (all inorganic nitrogen), and as part of organic solutes. (usgs.gov)
Andisols can be used as adsorbent because they are characterized by the presence of non-crystalline secondary minerals such as allophane and imogolite that show variable charge characteristics and have the ability to retain cations and anions. (bioline.org.br)
Na + + K + + unmeasured cations = Cl - + unmeasured anions. (medscape.com)
Four cations: Sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium Two accompanying anions: Chloride and phosphorus Daily requirements range from. (msdmanuals.com)
The AG value represents the difference between unmeasured cations and anions, ie, the presence of anions in the plasma that are not routinely measured. (medscape.com)

Click the blue button at the top to freely download: Phosphatidylcholine Quaternary Ammonium Cation Choline Chloride png. (pnghero.com)
They include substances like diethanolamine, triethanol amine esterquats, distearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, imidazolines, and dipalmitoyethyl hydroxy ethylmonium methosulfate. (acne.org)
Aerosols: ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3-), sulphate (SO42-), chloride (Cl-), sodium (Na+), calcium (Ca2+), Magnesium (Mg2+) The network is operated jointly by Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI) and the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH), and funded by the Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs (DAERA), Northern Ireland. (data.gov.uk)

For example, salts of sodium , potassium and ammonium are usually soluble in water. (wikipedia.org)
Notable exceptions include ammonium hexachloroplatinate and potassium cobaltinitrite . (wikipedia.org)
sodium carbonate , potassium carbonate and ammonium carbonate . (wikipedia.org)
In certain applications a cation exchange material in the potassium, ammonium, or other monovalent form may be encountered. (astm.org)
Mehlich-3 K returns approximately 14 percent higher soil test potassium (STK) ammonium acetate. (soyohio.org)

For application in emerging sodium batteries, we have developed three dual-cation polymeric ionomers, which contain bulky tetraalkylammonium ions in addition to the sodium ion. (rsc.org)
The sizes and relative contents of the ammonium ions vary relative to the sodium ion contents. (rsc.org)
In the second project, the role of counterion sterics on the structure and dynamics of a low glass transition temperature, amorphous P(I- ran -SS) at low ion contents (7 mol%) was investigated using a series of symmetric, tetraalkylammonium counterions with methyl (TMA), ethyl (TEA), propyl (TPA), and butyl (TBA) pendent groups in addition to a sodium cation control. (umass.edu)

However, these 2D layered perovskites, having the insulating organic cations separating these inorganic slabs, tend to adopt an orientation where these inorganic slabs would be aligned in parallel to the substrate. (nature.com)
Ideally, one would like to replace such aliphatic ammoniums with functional organics, for example, conjugated oligomers that would absorb a complementary portion of the solar spectrum to that of the inorganic framework. (nature.com)

In summary, the conversation covers the stability and bonding of atoms, specifically in regard to NH3 and PH3 forming ammonium and the difference between ionic and covalent bonds. (physicsforums.com)
It is also mentioned that ammonium can exist as an ionic compound in water but is primarily found as NH3 and H+. (physicsforums.com)
What I mean is that ammonium can form an ionic compound with other elements as long as it's in water and then the solute precipitates, is that correct? (physicsforums.com)
Basically, we wanted to extend our previous study on dicationic ionic liquids with bis-ammonium cation. (degruyter.com)
As wood decays the ionic composition changes, with increases often being seen in the concentrations of Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn and sometimes K. The concentration of eight cations in red spruce sapwood and heartwood samples was determined independently by inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP) and by neutron activation analysis (NAA) as part of an effort to standardize our analytical procedures and c. (irg-wp.com)

The lignite extracted cobaltic ammine complexes rather than cobalt ions and was nonselective as to other metal cations and ammonium ions. (cdc.gov)
Deleterious cations and 80 wt pct of the nonammine ammonium ions were removed prior to acid elution of the lignite. (cdc.gov)
Specifically, the presence of urease-producing bacteria, including Ureaplasma urealyticum and Proteus species (most common), Staphylococcus species, Klebsiella species, Providencia species, and Pseudomonas species, leads to the hydrolysis of urea into ammonium and hydroxyl ions. (medscape.com)

Chemical tuning of spacer organic cations has attracted great interest due to their additional functionalities. (nature.com)
However, how the chemical nature of the organic cations affects the properties of two-dimensional perovskites and devices is rarely reported. (nature.com)

For cations, the Ion Phor run buffer (Dionex Corp., Sunnyvale, CA, U.S.A.) consisting of 4 mM copper sulfate, 4 mM formic acid, and 3 mM 18-crown-6 (pH 3.0) was used. (unboundmedicine.com)
Lignite Recovery of Cobalt3+ from an Ammoniacal Ammonium Sulfate Solution. (cdc.gov)
The Bureau of Mines has devised technology to recover cobalt, nickel , and byproduct copper from domestic lateritic material using an oxidative, ammoniacal ammonium sulfate leach. (cdc.gov)

Salts of strong acids and strong bases (" strong salts ") are non- volatile and often odorless, whereas salts of either weak acids or weak bases (" weak salts ") may smell like the conjugate acid (e.g., acetates like acetic acid ( vinegar ) and cyanides like hydrogen cyanide ( almonds )) or the conjugate base (e.g., ammonium salts like ammonia ) of the component ions. (wikipedia.org)

Exchangeable cations present in the effluents were investigated via the ammonium acetate exchange way. (bvsalud.org)

Mehlich-3 is now the default soil extractant that has replaced Bray P1 for phosphorus and ammonium acetate for base cations. (soyohio.org)

The amine or alcohol is reacted with carbon dioxide in a suitable solvent system and in the presence of an amidine or guanidine base, to form the ammonium carbamate or carbonate salt which is then reacted in a polar aprotic solvent with a hydrocarbyl halide. (justia.com)

The extra calcium, as well as the "pull" on K exerted by the new cation exchange sites (see the next section, "Cation Exchange Capacity Management"), contributes to lower K availability. (sare.org)

Tetramethylammonium ion: (CH3)4N+, also denoted Me4N+ (Me = methyl group) Tetraethylammonium ion: (C2H5)4N+, also denoted Et4N+ (Et = ethyl group) Tetrapropylammonium ion: (n-C3H7)4N+, also denoted Pr4N+ (Pr = propyl group) Tetrabutylammonium ion: (n-C4H9)4N+, also denoted Bu4N+ (Bu = butyl group) Quaternary ammonium salts are used as disinfectants, surfactants, fabric softeners, and as antistatic agents (e.g. in shampoos). (wikipedia.org)

Urinary ammonium excretion and urine pH can be used to define the etiology of the disorder. (medscape.com)
urine net charge) is inferred from the urine AG, also known as the urine net charge, when direct measurement of ammonium is not possible. (medscape.com)
When excretion of Cl - exceeds that of Na + and K + , the urinary net charge is negative, and the assumption is that a substantial concentration of ammonium is present in the urine, which would be the case in metabolic acidosis of nonrenal origin. (medscape.com)
Conversely, in hypokalemic and hyperkalemic dRTA, the urine concentration of ammonium is insufficient, excretion of Na + and K + exceed that of Cl - , and the urinary net charge is positive. (medscape.com)

These compounds have a charged nitrogen center, and necessarily come with a negative counterion, so they are called quaternary ammonium salts. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

Older aluminium electrolytic capacitors and spermicidal jellies also contain quaternary ammonium salts. (wikipedia.org)

In the case of cation-exchange resins, these are styrene-based polymers with sulfonic acid functional groups. (astm.org)
2] "Cloning and functional expression of a human liver organic cation transporter. (tcdb.org)
3] "Molecular cloning, functional characterization and genomic organization of four alternatively spliced isoforms of the human organic cation transporter 1 (hOCT1/SLC22A1). (tcdb.org)
7] "Functional characterization of an organic cation transporter (hOCT1) in a transiently transfected human cell line (HeLa). (tcdb.org)
15] "Identification of genetic variations of the human organic cation transporter hOCT1 and their functional consequences. (tcdb.org)

Lastly, binary mixtures of TMA and TBA ammonium counterions were employed in these P(I- ran -SS) copolymers. (umass.edu)

17] "Novel single nucleotide polymorphisms of organic cation transporter 1 (SLC22A1) affecting transport functions. (tcdb.org)
18] "Seven novel single nucleotide polymorphisms in the human SLC22A1 gene encoding organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1). (tcdb.org)

Batch technique was utilized to test the cation exchange efficiency of the prepared composite material toward C.I. basic violet 16 dye decolourization. (hindawi.com)

K is generally available to plants as a cation, and the soil's cation exchange capacity (CEC) is the main storehouse for this element for a given year's crop. (sare.org)

Adsorption studies of copper on red pine (Pinus resinosa) and trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) wood confirm the importance of cation exchange reactions on the ultimate distribution of copper in the wood substance and i. (irg-wp.com)
To investigate the chemical adsorption capacity of copper-monoethanolamine (Cu-Mea) components on wood, the Na+ cation exchange capacity (CEC) of red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait. (irg-wp.com)

Particularly, the incorporation of ammonium-based counterions into these polymers offers a facile method to tune their electrostatic interactions and hydrophobicity. (umass.edu)

Urinary excretion of ketoanions secondary to systemic ketoacidosis can cause a positive AG despite adequate ammonium excretion. (medscape.com)

Spain, 2009 DNA extracts were used as templates for PCRs targeting fragment genes for tick classifi cation and for bacteria detection (Table 1). (cdc.gov)

Both ammonium groups in the m -xylylenediaminium cation adopt a trans conformation with respect to the benzene ring. (iucr.org)

Quaternary ammonium compounds are prepared by the alkylation of tertiary amine. (wikipedia.org)

12] "The human organic cation transporter-1 gene is transactivated by hepatocyte nuclear factor-4alpha. (tcdb.org)

Structural analysis reveals that different packing arrangements and orientational disorder of the spacer cations result in orientational degeneracy and different formation energies, largely explaining the difference in film properties. (nature.com)

This work provides key missing information on how spacer cations exert influence on desirable electronic properties and device performance of two-dimensional perovskites via the weak and cooperative interactions of these cations in the crystal lattice. (nature.com)

Piperidine-based 6-azonia-spiro[5.5]undecane features the quaternized ammonium group with the highest stability against nucleophilic (OH - ) substitution and elimination reactions. (mpg.de)

As an innovative cation exchange material, nanozirconium tungestovanadate prepared using homogeneous precipitation technique was immobilized into alginate matrix and evaluated for cationic dye decolourization. (hindawi.com)

Els materials semiconductors es troben en la base d'un desenvolupament tecnològic sense precedents experimentat per la humanitat des de la segona meitat del segle XX. (uji.es)

So why does ammonium form? (physicsforums.com)

Whether the analysis is based on a comparison with guinea pig or human data, the results indicate that the empirically derived threefold threshold is an acceptable practical value for hazard identi®cation. (cdc.gov)

The urinary net charge and ammonium excretion have a linear relationship. (medscape.com)

Here we demonstrate that the selection of spacer cations (i.e., selective fluorination of phenethylammonium) affects the film properties of two-dimensional perovskites, leading to different device performance of two-dimensional perovskite solar cells (average n = 4). (nature.com)
13] "Differential pharmacological in vitro properties of organic cation transporters and regional distribution in rat brain. (tcdb.org)

1] "Cloning and characterization of two human polyspecific organic cation transporters. (tcdb.org)
9] "Regulation of the human organic cation transporter hOCT1. (tcdb.org)
16] "Evolutionary conservation predicts function of variants of the human organic cation transporter, OCT1. (tcdb.org)

Quaternary ammonium compounds have antimicrobial activity. (wikipedia.org)

Chemicals and Drugs11

Phenomena and Processes1

Quaternary ammonium cations5

Anion12

Anions12

CHLORIDE3

Potassium5

Sodium3

Inorganic2

Ionic5

Ions3

Organic cations2

Sulfate3

Ammonia1

Exchangeable1

Acetate1

Carbonate1

Calcium1

Tetramethylammonium1

Urine4

Nitrogen1

Salts1

Functional5

Mixtures1

Nucleotide2

Efficiency1

Crop1

Copper2

Polymers1

Secondary1

Detection1

Adopt1

Tertiary1

Gene1

Disorder1

Interactions1

Group1

Material1

Base1

Form1

Analysis1

CHARGE1

Properties2

Human3

Activity1