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AmmoniaPermeabilityCell Membrane PermeabilityCapillary PermeabilityUreaNitrosomonasLactuloseCarbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase (Ammonia)Tight JunctionsNitrogenGlutamineBlood-Brain BarrierGlutamate-Ammonia LigaseHyperammonemiaAmmonium ChlorideMannitolNitrogen RadioisotopesWaterHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationNitrificationMitochondrial Membrane Transport ProteinsDentin PermeabilityEvans BlueBiological TransportIntestinal AbsorptionOccludinAquaporinsOsmosisPotassiumCalciumMitochondrial SwellingAquaporin 1SodiumElectric ImpedanceMembrane PotentialsGlutaminaseQuaternary Ammonium CompoundsKineticsCaco-2 CellsHepatic EncephalopathyGillsZonula Occludens-1 ProteinAmino AcidsChloridesDextransTime FactorsManureNitrosomonas europaeaGlutamate DehydrogenaseCells, CulturedDiffusionIon ChannelsBlood-Retinal BarrierEndothelium, VascularRumenIntestinal MucosaMitochondria, LiverFluoresceinIntercellular JunctionsModels, BiologicalRats, Sprague-DawleyGlutamatesCattlePhenylalanine Ammonia-LyaseAlbuminsCyclophilinsInulinMitochondriaBiological Transport, ActiveOxidation-ReductionGlutamate SynthaseMethylaminesIntestinesEndothelial CellsIntracellular MembranesFluoresceinsMembrane ProteinsClaudinsAcetyleneOsmolar ConcentrationClaudin-5Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanateVascular Endothelial Growth Factor APerfusionEpitheliumAcidosisBlood-Air BarrierMethionine SulfoximineArchaeaRats, WistarElectric ConductivityRabbitsMembranes, ArtificialSkin AbsorptionUreaseFatty Acids, VolatileSerous MembraneMolecular Sequence DataFish ProteinsPulmonary Edema
IntestinalSelective permeabilityReduce the concentration of ammoniaSolute permeabilityMembrane permeabilityBacterialToxicity of ammoniaGlycerolSelectivityMembranesLeakyAminoNitrogenAmmoniumUreaWastewaterSerumGlutamic acidMetabolicEmissionsRespiratory gasLiverHigh concentrationsConcentrationsHydrogenResistanceCarbonGlutamineLipidAcuteGillEmissionCapacityMolecular weightCerebralExposureEffectivelyWaterCompostProducesSynthesisBloodFreeOzoneResponsesProcessStudyChemicalProductEffects
Intestinal10
  • Treatment of MHE targets the gut due to the role of intestinal ammonia-producing bacteria that has been indicated to be involved in MHE pathogenesis [ 3 ]. (termedia.pl)
  • Many clinical studies support that the fact that dietary and endogenous glutamine is critical in maintaining normal intestinal permeability, mucosal cell regeneration, and structure. (autismsupplementscenter.com)
  • Quite simply: the complete removal of fibers from the diet facilitates the creation of a harmful microbiome in two ways: (1) bacteria feed on the carbohydrate-rich mucus of the intestinal wall, facilitating intestinal permeability (leaky gut), and (2) bacteria feed on peptides and amino acids from dietary protein that lead to the creation of harmful metabolites like phenols, ammonia, and thiols. (brianatheroux.com)
  • On the other hand, yucca extract can effectively reduce the concentration of ammonia and the content of urea and acetic acid, slow down the renewal of intestinal tissues and the consumption of protein, energy, fat and oxygen by cultured animals, which is conducive to nutrient deposition, digestion and absorption. (rainbowextract.com)
  • Yucca extract can promote the proliferation of intestinal beneficial microorganisms, enhance the permeability of bacterial cell walls and promote the growth and development of intestinal villi, thus reducing the production of ammonia in livestock and poultry. (rainbowextract.com)
  • Several well-designed studies have demonstrated that the addition of glutamic acid to TPN helps decrease intestinal permeability and mucosal and villous atrophy in the small intestine. (tjclark.co.nz)
  • Inhibition of intestinal permeability is believed to decrease microbial translocation and thus reduce infective opportunities in the gut. (tjclark.co.nz)
  • Increased intestinal permeability has been associated with a number of traumas, illnesses and some surgeries. (tjclark.co.nz)
  • Glutamine helps maintain normal intestinal permeability, mucosal cell regeneration and structure, especially during periods of physiological stress. (healthyhabitsliving.com)
  • Obesity, nutrition and environmental factors might alter intestinal permeability producing a favorable micro-environment for bacterial overgrowth, mucosal inflammation and translocation of both invasive pathogens and harmful byproducts, which, in turn, influence hepatic fat composition and exacerbated pro-inflammatory and fibrotic processes. (encyclopedia.pub)
Selective permeability2
Reduce the concentration of ammonia2
  • At the same time, yucca extract can reduce the concentration of ammonia in the culture environment and blood to reduce the respiratory system and nervous system disorders of animals. (rainbowextract.com)
  • 2. Combined biochemical method The physical and chemical method will not be limited by the high concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the treatment of high-concentration ammonia nitrogen wastewater, but it cannot reduce the concentration of ammonia nitrogen to a low enough level (such as below 100 mg/lL). (boquinstrument.com)
Solute permeability2
  • If solute permeability through a lipid bilayer is governed by the same forces that determine its partitioning into nonaqueous solvents, then pm and Kp should correlate. (harvard.edu)
  • The narrow aromatic/arginine (ar/R) selectivity filter in MIPs has been shown to provide an important constriction for solute permeability. (biomedcentral.com)
Membrane permeability3
  • Figure 2 shows the relationships between membrane permeability and partition coefficients into (a) hexadecane, (b) olive oil, (c) octanol, and (d) ether. (harvard.edu)
  • The exact values of pm [membrane permeability] and Kp [partition coefficient] are given in Table 1. (harvard.edu)
  • Here, we'll look in more detail at membrane permeability and different modes of passive transport. (khanacademy.org)
Bacterial2
  • Ammonia is derived from bacterial enzymatic action on ingested amino acids. (redlabs.be)
  • Abnormally high levels of ammonia can result from colic or "enteric hyperammonemia" (combination of increased bacterial production and increased gut permeability) that occurs despite normal hepatic function. (redlabs.be)
Toxicity of ammonia2
Glycerol1
  • The recent crystal structure of human AQP7, an aquaglyceroporin, provided by colleagues at the Case Western Reserve University, has enabled further elucidations of AQPs in their permeability to glycerol. (illinois.edu)
Selectivity1
  • Permeability and ammonia selectivity in aquaporin TIP2;1: linking structure to function. (gromacs.org)
Membranes8
  • The few top quality aquarium RO units still produced use TFC Medical Grade (thin film composite, sold by Pentair USA) membranes which is much better for removal of ammonia, phosphates, herbicides, pesticides, and TDS. (aquarium-pond-answers.com)
  • In the second part of this dissertation, I examined the permeability of O2 and CO2 across lipid membranes varied by ratios of glycerolphospholipids, cholesterol and sphinogomyelins, which are major constituents of mammalian membranes. (illinois.edu)
  • This study shows that membrane lipid compositions modulate the permeability of nonpolar gases, emphasizing the existence of gas-impermeable membranes and significance of membrane-facilitated gas channels. (illinois.edu)
  • Walter A, Gutknecht J. Permeability of small nonelectrolytes through lipid bilayer membranes. (harvard.edu)
  • Diffusion of small nonelectrolytes through planar lipid bilayer membranes (egg phosphatidylcholine-decane) was examined by correlating [least square regression analysis] the permeability coefficients of 22 solutes with their partition coefficients between water and four organic solvents. (harvard.edu)
  • Separation properties of the membranes were analyzed via laboratory reverse osmosis system by using Shiraz Petrochemical wastewater contaminated by ammonia as a feed. (nsmsi.ir)
  • The obtained results of polyurethane-silica membranes show that the membrane containing fluorinated silica nanoparticles has a proper output for ammonia retention up to 62% at 10 bar in comparison with untreated one. (nsmsi.ir)
  • Increasing operating pressure to 20 bar causes increasing permeate flux through the prepared membranes, but it significantly decreases the membrane efficiency for ammonia retention. (nsmsi.ir)
Leaky1
  • Chemically sensitive individuals, leaky gut syndrome, CNS nitrogen depletion, high blood ammonia levels, kidney health and surgical stress. (tjclark.co.nz)
Amino4
Nitrogen14
Ammonium3
  • Modelled historical concentrations and depositions of ammonia and ammonium in Europe. (cdc.gov)
  • 1987. A long-range transport model for ammonia and ammonium for Europe. (cdc.gov)
  • this is explained by the proteins that was termed "S100" because it fact that astrocytes form part of the BBB and was soluble in 100% saturated ammonium the increase in its permeability in HE due to sulfate solution [4]. (who.int)
Urea2
  • The urea cycle is completed in the liver, where urea is generated from free ammonia. (medscape.com)
  • The biologic requirement for tight regulation is satisfied because the capacity of the hepatic urea cycle exceeds the normal rates of ammonia generation in the periphery and transfer into the blood. (medscape.com)
Wastewater1
  • The layout of the new WWTP includes a Biological Nutrient Removal (BNR) system which reduces the ammonia and phosphorus in the treated wastewater flow prior to discharge into nearby Prairie Creek. (penetron.com)
Serum2
Glutamic acid2
  • Glutamic Acid is synthesised from ammonia and alpha ketoglutarate, an immediate in the Krebs cycle. (tjclark.co.nz)
  • Glutamic acid administration causes the release of luteinizing hormone - releasing hormone, protects the liver through enhanced ammonia detoxification and may have a role in modulating opioid receptors. (tjclark.co.nz)
Metabolic3
  • Factors implicated include ammonia, inflammation, various metabolic disorders and drug toxicity. (sorbonne-universite.fr)
  • Hyperammonemia is a metabolic condition characterized by elevated levels of ammonia in the blood. (redlabs.be)
  • Increased entry of ammonia to the brain is a primary cause of neurologic disorders, metabolic disorders and some toxic encephalopathies. (redlabs.be)
Emissions5
  • 1987. Ammonia emissions and their role in acid deposition. (cdc.gov)
  • Temperature profiles over the reactor height were monitored online and ammonia emissions were measured periodically. (wur.nl)
  • It was also shown that it is possible to compost animal manures with a low C/N ratio without significant emissions of ammonia. (wur.nl)
  • This can be established by trapping the initial ammonia emissions in a straw filter, which is placed on top of the compost bed. (wur.nl)
  • The extensive composting system is most promising for on-farm production of an organic fertilizer from straw-rich manure, since the costs of the process and the level of ammonia emissions were low. (wur.nl)
Respiratory gas1
  • Ammonia, the third respiratory gas in teleost fish, acts as an acute stimulant to ventilation in ammoniotelic rainbow trout. (silverchair.com)
Liver3
High concentrations1
  • Glutamate may be used to treat conditions which cause high concentrations of ammonia in the blood. (tjclark.co.nz)
Concentrations1
  • 1998. Analysis of ammonia and aerosol concentrations and deposition near the free troposphere at Mt. Mitchell, NC, USA. (cdc.gov)
Hydrogen2
  • This study investigated the effectiveness of bio-augmenting aerobic cell culture to mitigate ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emission in sewage sludge composting amended with reed straw (with the weight ratio of 1:0.3-0.4). (researchsquare.com)
  • Udel® PSU was used in the early 1980's to make the world's first commercial gas separation membrane able to separate hydrogen from ammonia purge-gas streams. (solvay.com)
Resistance3
  • During the electricity generation process, ammonia corrodes the copper anode, which produces the electrons that flow to the cathode against external resistance. (ccspublishing.org.cn)
  • Exceptional resistance to aging and ozone, and have extremely low gas permeability, making them perfect for vacuum applications. (barnwell.co.uk)
  • Adding PENETRON ADMIX SB to the concrete mix reduces concrete permeability, increases chemical resistance, and enables self-sealing of any hairline cracks. (penetron.com)
Carbon3
  • 1979. A model for the reversible washout of sulfur dioxide, ammonia and carbon dioxide from a polluted atmosphere and the production of sulfates in raindrops. (cdc.gov)
  • 2020 ). Some organic matters were mineralized to carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), ammonia (NH 3 ) and water, and others were transformed to nutrient-rich, humus-like materials (Shou et al. (researchsquare.com)
  • Life on Earth fundamentally and indispensably relies on proper regulation and metabolism of inorganic molecules such as dioxygen (O2), nitric oxide (NO), carbon dioxide (CO2) and ammonia (NH3). (illinois.edu)
Glutamine1
  • Glutamine also carries potentially toxic ammonia to the kidneys for excretion, which helps maintain normal acid-base balance. (healthyhabitsliving.com)
Lipid1
  • Afterwards, a skin-PAMPA program making use of SC lipid analogues has been developed and tested to inspect the permeability of unique drugs [8]. (5htreceptor.com)
Acute2
  • Hyperventilation was induced both by acute external (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 exposure [250 or 500 μmol l -1 (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ] and by intra-arterial (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 injection (580 μmol kg -1 of ammonia) in control trout, but these responses were abolished in chronic HEA animals. (silverchair.com)
  • Hyperventilation in response to acute ammonia exposure persisted after bilateral removal of each of the four gill arch pairs separately or after combined removal of arches III and IV, but was delayed by removal of gill arch I, and eliminated by combined removal of arches I and II. (silverchair.com)
Gill1
  • We investigated whether this sensitivity is maintained in trout chronically exposed (1+ months) to high environmental ammonia [HEA, 250 μmol l -1 (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ] in the water, and whether gill neuroepithelial cells (NECs) are involved in ammonia sensing. (silverchair.com)
Emission1
  • 1998. Ammonia: Emission, atmospheric transport and deposition. (cdc.gov)
Capacity1
  • However, the ammonia crossover from anode to cathode causes self-discharge and then leads to the decay of capacity. (ccspublishing.org.cn)
Molecular weight1
  • HP has low molecular weight chain and is decomposed into H2O and O-, the later is a free radical associated with high permeability and diffusibility in the tooth structure 2,5 . (bvsalud.org)
Cerebral1
  • The original phenolic hydroxyl in the puerarin molecules was substituted in order to change the blood-brain barrier permeability and thus enhance the efficacy for preventing cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. (hindawi.com)
Exposure1
  • Aim: This study evaluated the surface roughness, topography and permeability of bovine enamel by profilometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with and without silver nitrate solution, after exposure to different bleaching agents. (bvsalud.org)
Effectively1
  • Together with the visualization result, it was demonstrated the ammonia crossover was effectively alleviated by GO modifying the AEM not at a cost of the reduced battery performance, indicating the promising application in future TRBs. (ccspublishing.org.cn)
Water2
  • Weber's waterproof series products have high water permeability, lasting non-aging and no cracking. (saint-gobain.com.cn)
  • Meiernuo metal complex solvent dyes with good solubility,colors brightly and high permeability.Has a certain solubility in alcohol,ketone,lipids and ammonia but not in water.Mostly are applied in wood coating or painting,leather dyeing,aluminium gilding,printing ink and so on. (meiernuochem.com)
Compost2
  • On basis of the Ergun equation, which describes the airflow in porous media with internal heat generation, this corresponds to a compost bed permeability of 7x10-8 m2. (wur.nl)
  • Ammonia absorbed in the straw filter and in the compost bed were removed by nitrification and denitrification. (wur.nl)
Produces1
Synthesis1
  • Overall, activity of the cycle is regulated by the rate of synthesis of N -acetylglutamate (NAG), the enzyme activator that initiates incorporation of ammonia into the cycle. (medscape.com)
Blood4
  • it is a sign that specific abnormalities that cause blood ammonia levels to become elevated may be present. (medscape.com)
  • Elevated blood ammonia levels cause a constellation of signs and symptoms that may appear to be a single disease. (medscape.com)
  • Normal blood ammonia levels range from 10-40 µmol/L, compared with a BUN level of 6-20 mg/dL. (medscape.com)
  • In addition, we tested the anticerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury activity of these puerarin derivatives in order to determine their permeability through the blood-brain barrier and pharmacological activity. (hindawi.com)
Free1
Ozone1
  • Unlike some refrigerants, the ammonia refrigerant used does no harm to the ozone layer and is not a hazard after it gets into the atmosphere. (unique-cons.com)
Responses1
  • Ca 2+ ] i was elevated to a comparable extent by perfusion of 30 mmol l -1 KCl and 1 mmol l -1 NH 4 Cl, and these [Ca 2+ ] i responses presented in two different forms, suggesting that ammonia may be sensed by multiple mechanisms. (silverchair.com)
Process2
  • The results of a round-robin analysis of an ammonia process waste material and manganese nodule standards demonstrate the applicability of the discussed methods. (cdc.gov)
  • After the discharging, ammonia is separated from the anodic product by a distillation process utilizing low-grade waste heat. (ccspublishing.org.cn)
Study2
  • 2001. Pulmonary function of workers exposed to ammonia: A study in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. (cdc.gov)
  • Some other works reported the application of similar models to study the permeability of drugs [183]. (5htreceptor.com)
Chemical2
  • Graphene oxide modified membrane for alleviated ammonia crossover and improved electricity generation in thermally regenerative batteries[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters , 2023, 34(2): 107704. (ccspublishing.org.cn)
  • As shown in Fig. 1 , the ammonia crossover from the anode to the cathode chamber results in an unfavorable chemical consumption instead of electrochemical consumption of copper ions. (ccspublishing.org.cn)
Product1
Effects1