• Succinate is also produced from butane via maleic anhydride. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dehydration of succinic acid gives succinic anhydride. (wikipedia.org)
  • Maleic anhydride (ML), succinic anhydride (SU) and HP at different conditions and variable pH values were used for modification of proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We selected maleic anhydride-modified ovalbumin (ML-OVA) for further study because OVA is easier to obtain than β-LG, and ML is safer than HP. (biomedcentral.com)
  • All the anhydrate-modified globulin-like proteins showed potent anti-HIV activity, which is correlated with the percentage of modified lysine and arginine residues in the modified protein. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is resistant to trypsin hydrolysis, possibly because the lysine and arginine residues in OVA are modified by ML. Mechanism studies suggest that ML-OVA inhibits HIV-1 entry by targeting gp120 on HIV-1 virions and also the CD4 receptor on the host cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • EC3.4.141), is a lysosomal cysteine protease capable of removing dipeptides from the amino terminus of protein substrates. (justia.com)
  • Jute seed cake, was low in protein and high in lysine, isoleucine and fibre content. (scialert.net)
  • Succinic acid can be dehydrogenated to fumaric acid or be converted to diesters, such as diethylsuccinate (CH2CO2CH2CH3)2. (wikipedia.org)
  • Acrolein is used largely as an unisolated intermediate in the manufacture of acrylic acid, most of which is converted to its lower alkyl esters. (cdc.gov)
  • In living organisms, succinic acid takes the form of an anion, succinate, which has multiple biological roles as a metabolic intermediate being converted into fumarate by the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase in complex 2 of the electron transport chain which is involved in making ATP, and as a signaling molecule reflecting the cellular metabolic state. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] Succinate is a key intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, a primary metabolic pathway used to produce chemical energy in the presence of O2. (wikipedia.org)
  • Common industrial routes include hydrogenation of maleic acid, oxidation of 1,4-butanediol, and carbonylation of ethylene glycol. (wikipedia.org)
  • The list can be very long but some of the commonly mentioned ones include tomatoes, spices, chocolate, caffeinated and citrus beverages, high-acid foods and artificial sweeteners. (digitalnaturopath.com)
  • Isozyme analysis with peroxidase, esterase and acid phosphatase activity also produced unique band patterns regarding their profiles, intensities and number in different Corchorus species. (scialert.net)
  • Succinic acid also serves as the bases of certain biodegradable polymers, which are of interest in tissue engineering applications. (wikipedia.org)
  • A practical consequence proposed is that these gels may not reliably mediate pH sensitive swelling controlled release in oral applications, because the levels of buffer acids in the stomach (where swelling and release are expected to occur) generally cannot be controlled. (scialert.net)
  • Like most simple mono- and dicarboxylic acids, it is not harmful but can be an irritant to skin and eyes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Among the aminotransferases, aromatic amino acid aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1. (nih.gov)
  • To elucidate the multiple substrate recognition mechanism, we determined the crystal structures of aromatic amino acid aminotransferase from Paracoccus denitrificans (pdAroAT): unliganded pdAroAT, pdAroAT in a complex with maleate as an acidic substrate analog, and pdAroAT in a complex with 3-phenylpropionate as an aromatic substrate analog at 2.33 A, 2. (nih.gov)
  • During a keto-acidotic crisis, this patient demonstrated unexpectedly low concentrations of propionic acid and glycine in blood and urine but increased urinary output of some secondary metabolites. (lookfordiagnosis.com)
  • Soy proteins are complex macromolecules composed of amino acids such as cystine, arginine, lysine, hystidine, etc. which can be used for inter or intra molecular interaction as amino acids have many active sites available for molecular interaction [ 11 ]. (rroij.com)
  • Used extensively in industry and as a reagent in the acylation of amino- and hydroxyl groups. (lookformedical.com)
  • They modify and inhibit proteins and enzymes and are used in the acylation of amino- and hydroxyl groups. (lookformedical.com)
  • Purified H-protein from the patient did not react with lipoamide dehydrogenase, and titration of thiol groups with [2,3-14C]N- ethylmaleimide suggested that this H-protein is devoid of lipoic acid. (lookfordiagnosis.com)
  • They are single peptide chains having more asparagine and aspartic acid residues but less lysine. (hindawi.com)
  • The acid itself, as well as the derivatives that are broken down in the body to the acid, are highly toxic substances, behaving as convulsant poisons with a delayed action. (lookformedical.com)
  • Succinic acid is a white, odorless solid with a highly acidic taste. (wikipedia.org)
  • The overall structure of pdAroAT is essentially identical to that of aspartate aminotransferase (AspAT) which catalyzes the transamination reaction with only an acidic amino acid. (nih.gov)
  • Succinic acid (/səkˈsɪnɪk/) is a dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula (CH2)2(CO2H)2. (wikipedia.org)
  • Like most simple mono- and dicarboxylic acids, it is not harmful but can be an irritant to skin and eyes. (wikipedia.org)
  • A group of compounds that has the general structure of a dicarboxylic acid-substituted benzene ring. (lookformedical.com)
  • In living organisms, succinic acid takes the form of an anion, succinate, which has multiple biological roles as a metabolic intermediate being converted into fumarate by the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase in complex 2 of the electron transport chain which is involved in making ATP, and as a signaling molecule reflecting the cellular metabolic state. (wikipedia.org)
  • Succinic acid is marketed as food additive E363. (wikipedia.org)
  • As a diprotic acid, succinic acid undergoes two successive deprotonation reactions: (CH2)2(CO2H)2 → (CH2)2(CO2H)(CO2)− + H+ (CH2)2(CO2H)(CO2)− → (CH2)2(CO2)22− + H+ The pKa of these processes are 4.3 and 5.6, respectively. (wikipedia.org)
  • Historically, succinic acid was obtained from amber by distillation and has thus been known as spirit of amber. (wikipedia.org)
  • Succinic acid can be dehydrogenated to fumaric acid or be converted to diesters, such as diethylsuccinate (CH2CO2CH2CH3)2. (wikipedia.org)
  • Succinic acid is a precursor to some polyesters and a component of some alkyd resins. (wikipedia.org)
  • 1,4-Butanediol (BDO) can be synthesized using succinic acid as a precursor. (wikipedia.org)
  • Succinic acid also serves as the bases of certain biodegradable polymers, which are of interest in tissue engineering applications. (wikipedia.org)
  • Acylation with succinic acid is called succination. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] As a food additive and dietary supplement, succinic acid is generally recognized as safe by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (wikipedia.org)
  • Succinic acid is used primarily as an acidity regulator in the food and beverage industry. (wikipedia.org)
  • Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a 1,4-carboxy terminated aliphatic structure. (lookformedical.com)
  • It is used in acid catalyzed reactions, especially those where an ester is cleaved in peptide synthesis. (lookformedical.com)
  • Aconitic acid is a naturally occurring organic acid that has been used in the past as a component of some medications, but its use is now generally avoided due to its toxic effects. (lookformedical.com)
  • citation needed] Succinate is a key intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, a primary metabolic pathway used to produce chemical energy in the presence of O2. (wikipedia.org)
  • The reformulated Nourishing family contains Vegetal Keratin, a combination of rice protein and a mix of amino acids, as well as our Biacidic Bond Complex, a blend of molecules created by Davines' Research and Development Laboratories. (davinescy.com)