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AmikacinKanamycinEar DiseasesHearing DisordersHearing LossGentamicinsAminoglycosidesCochlear DiseasesCochleaPerilymphAnti-Bacterial AgentsNetilmicinHair Cells, AuditoryAudiometryEvoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain StemStria VascularisOtoacoustic Emissions, SpontaneousCisplatinOrgan of CortiTobramycinHearing TestsAuditory ThresholdHearing Loss, High-FrequencyThiosulfatesHair Cells, Auditory, OuterHearingMicrobial Sensitivity TestsAmifostineEar, InnerHearing Loss, SensorineuralDeafnessCapreomycinCeftazidimeEthacrynic AcidHair Cells, Auditory, InnerLabyrinth DiseasesAudiometry, Pure-ToneHair Cells, VestibularSaccule and UtriclePropanthelineDrug Resistance, MicrobialCraniospinal IrradiationGuinea PigsOssicular ReplacementSisomicinPseudomonas aeruginosaCarboplatinTympanic MembraneBacterial InfectionsTinnitusAcoustic Impedance TestsAntineoplastic AgentsStreptomycinDibekacinEflornithineLabyrinthine FluidsPiperacillinVestibule, LabyrinthDose-Response Relationship, DrugImipenemKanamycin KinaseDrug Administration ScheduleNeomycinEnterobacteriaceaePlatinumTicarcillinAcinetobacterHearing Loss, Noise-InducedCarbenicillinVancomycinSalicylatesDrug Therapy, CombinationMedulloblastomaCephalothinPseudomonas InfectionsThienamycinsDrug Evaluation, PreclinicalAztreonamOrgan Culture TechniquesClofazimineSerratia
GentamicinNephrotoxicity and ototoxicityTobramycinAminoglycosidesKanamycinCause ototoxicityIrreversibleSulfateStreptomycinAntibioticsTroughAminoglycoside antibioticRenalDiureticsTinnitusHypersensitivityBactericidal activityImmunoassayPrecautionsSerumIntravenousGram-negativeConcentrationsCommonlyAuditoryKidneyVIALSynthesisPregnancyGenerallyDoseMedicationVancomycinSide EffectsProducesConcernTreatmentsDrugsDrugRiskPatientsEarsMedications
Gentamicin11
  • In the present study we compared the antibacterial and toxicity profiles of etimicin, gentamicin (GM, a second-generation AG), and amikacin (AMK, a third-generation AG), and investigated their pharmacokinetic properties in the toxicity target organs (kidney and inner ear) and subcellular compartments. (chinaphar.com)
  • The most frequently used aminoglycosides include gentamicin, amikacin and streptomycin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Amikacin and gentamicin are the most commonly used in veterinary medicine. (wedgewoodpharmacy.com)
  • Amikacin has a broader spectrum of activity than some of the other members of this group and is often used for bacterial infections resistant to gentamicin. (wedgewoodpharmacy.com)
  • Amikacin is generally preferred over gentamicin for systemic use in neonatal foals. (wedgewoodpharmacy.com)
  • Whether tobramycin is less nephrotoxic than either gentamicin or amikacin when used clinically is controversial. (elephantcare.org)
  • Neurotoxicity manifested by ototoxicity, both vestibular and auditory, can occur in patients treated with gentamicin, primarily in those with pre-existing renal damage and in patients with normal renal function treated with higher doses and/or for longer periods than recommended. (nih.gov)
  • The concurrent use of gentamicin with potent diuretics, such as ethacrynic acid or furosemide, should be avoided, since certain diuretics by themselves may cause ototoxicity. (nih.gov)
  • Aminoglycosides (gentamicin, tobramycin and amikacin) are bactericidal antibiotics used to treat infections caused by Gram-negative organisms. (medicinesinformation.co.nz)
  • When strains of the above organisms are found to be resistant to other aminoglycosides, including Gentamicin, TobrAmykin and KanAmykin, many are susceptible to Amikacin. (com.bd)
  • Gentamicin has always generated concern because of its significant rates of nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and vestibular toxicity, especially among older patients. (medscape.com)
Nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity6
  • However, the mechanisms underlying its low nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity remain unclear. (chinaphar.com)
  • We first demonstrated that ETM exhibited superior antibacterial activities against clinical isolates to GM and AMK, and it exerted minimal nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity in rats following multi-dose administration. (chinaphar.com)
  • Systemic use of amikacin and other aminoglycoside antibiotics are usually reserved for serious illnesses because of the risk of nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. (wedgewoodpharmacy.com)
  • Therapeutic drug monitoring is recommended to ensure adequate dosing and prevent adverse effects such as nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. (medicinesinformation.co.nz)
  • Moreover, nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity, which are commonly associated with intravenous administration of amikacin, could be curtailed. (joewongcomedy.com)
  • The risk for adverse events with single-dose aminoglycosides is low, however, there are concerns for nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. (pharmacy-acutecareuniversity.com)
Tobramycin4
Aminoglycosides10
  • All aminoglycosides can cause either reversible or irreversible ototoxicity. (wikipedia.org)
  • The mechanism of aminoglycosides-induced ototoxicity is not well understood. (wikipedia.org)
  • Despite these findings, literature generally agreed that pre-existing hearing abnormalities, concomitant use of aminoglycosides and renal dysfunction are risk factors for vancomycin-induced ototoxicity. (wikipedia.org)
  • There are some gram-positive Staphyloccus that are sensitive to amikacin although generally the aminoglycosides are combined with other antibiotics when both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria are present. (wedgewoodpharmacy.com)
  • Amikacin and other aminoglycosides are eliminated via the kidney and can be nephrotoxic. (wedgewoodpharmacy.com)
  • Amikacin and other aminoglycosides are commonly used in ophthalmic preparations to treat corneal ulcers. (wedgewoodpharmacy.com)
  • [ 2 ] These findings, coupled with ototoxicity associated with later development of other aminoglycosides, led to a great deal of clinical and basic scientific research into the etiology and mechanisms of ototoxicity. (medscape.com)
  • Amikacin is used for treating hospital-acquired infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria resistant to other aminoglycosides. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Amikacin, like other aminoglycosides, can be given in multiple daily doses (conventional) or once-daily dose (pulse). (medscape.com)
  • New data suggest that co-amoxiclav (Augmentin™) acid can be used instead of aminoglycosides to reduce ototoxicity and kidney toxicity. (wikitropica.org)
Kanamycin4
Cause ototoxicity1
  • The propensity of specific classes of drugs to cause ototoxicity has been well established, and over 100 classes of drugs have been associated with ototoxicity. (medscape.com)
Irreversible3
  • The mechanism of action for amikacin is through disruption of the bacterial cell wall, irreversible binding of the 30S ribosomal subunit, and inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis. (wedgewoodpharmacy.com)
  • Ototoxicity may present as hearing loss or vestibular signs and may be irreversible. (wedgewoodpharmacy.com)
  • Aminoglycoside-induced ototoxicity is usually irreversible. (nih.gov)
Sulfate4
  • Amikacin Sulfate is a semi-synthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic. (com.bd)
  • Amikacin sulfate is active in vitro against penicillinase and nonpenicillinase-producing Staphylococcus species including methicillin-resistant strains. (com.bd)
  • How often does amikacin sulfate need to be titrated? (joewongcomedy.com)
  • Commercial amikacin sulfate 250 mg/ml solution was diluted with 3 ml of saline and placed in a jet nebulizer for inhalation. (joewongcomedy.com)
Streptomycin2
  • Ototoxicity came to the forefront of clinical attention with the discovery of streptomycin in 1944. (medscape.com)
  • For actinomycetoma, the first choice treatment is combination treatment of 2 drugs, such as streptomycin or amikacin IV with dapsone or cotrimoxazole for a long duration (depending mainly of the causative pathogen). (wikitropica.org)
Antibiotics2
  • Amikacin may be combined with other antibiotics to provide coverage for gram positive bacteria. (wedgewoodpharmacy.com)
  • When using amikacin or other aminoglycoside antibiotics, monitoring of renal function and peak trough drug concentrations can be very useful to decrease the risks of nephrotoxicity. (wedgewoodpharmacy.com)
Trough2
  • Amikacin trough levels of more than 10 mcg/mL have been associated with significant ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. (medscape.com)
  • [ 8 ] In one study, pharmacokinetic dosing with maintenance of trough levels below 1 mcg/mL significantly reduced the incidence of nephropathy with amikacin. (medscape.com)
Aminoglycoside antibiotic1
Renal3
  • Ototoxicity is more frequently observed in individuals who received the treatment for more than five days and those who have renal insufficiency. (wikipedia.org)
  • Amikacin is excreted by the renal route. (com.bd)
  • Concurrent administration of Cinamak with fast acting diuretics increases the risk of ototoxicity in patients with renal failure. (com.bd)
Diuretics1
Tinnitus3
Hypersensitivity1
  • Amikacin Injection is contraindicated in patients with a known history of hypersensitivity to Amikacin, any constituents of the injection. (com.bd)
Bactericidal activity1
  • The bactericidal properties of amikacin are concentration dependent and there is significant bactericidal activity even after drug concentrations are below the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). (wedgewoodpharmacy.com)
Immunoassay2
  • Current enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT) assays for caffeine, amikacin, and MTX lack low-end precision. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Immunoassay techniques are the preferred methods of measurement of serum amikacin levels and produce comparable results with other testing techniques such as gas chromatography and microbiological assays. (medscape.com)
Precautions1
Serum1
  • Serum amikacin levels are used to guide therapy to ensure adequate but not excessive levels. (medscape.com)
Intravenous1
  • In multidrug regimens, including an intravenous aminoglycoside (e.g. amikacin [AMK]) is recommended for difficult-to-treat non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) lung diseases. (joewongcomedy.com)
Gram-negative4
  • Systemic amikacin is used to treat serious gram-negative infections. (wedgewoodpharmacy.com)
  • [ 6 ] In critically ill patients with serious gram-negative infections, higher loading doses and closer monitoring of amikacin levels are required to achieve a peak-to-MIC ratio of greater than 8-10. (medscape.com)
  • This study evaluates the efficacy and nephrotoxicity of nebulized versus IV amikacin in post-cardiothoracic surgical patients with nosocomial pneumonia caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli. (joewongcomedy.com)
  • This medication is indicated in cases of serious infection due to amikacin sensitive gram negative organisms. (dawaai.pk)
Concentrations2
  • Within- and between-day imprecision were less than 6% for low to high concentrations of caffeine and amikacin controls and are less than 7.5% for MTX concentrations greater than 0.3 μmol/L and 12.3% at 0.06 μmol/L. The correlation coefficients for caffeine, amikacin, and MTX plotted for the Dimension RxL Max versus the methods used at Quest Diagnostics were 0.973, 0.986, and 0.992, respectively. (elsevierpure.com)
  • In critically ill patients, nebulized amikacin could attain substantial pulmonary concentrations, and achieve outstanding bactericidal efficacy. (joewongcomedy.com)
Commonly1
Auditory1
  • While these drugs target on different body systems, they also trigger ototoxicity through different mechanisms, for example, destruction to cellular tissues of inner ear parts and disturbance on auditory nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
Kidney1
  • The patients taking this medication may have ototoxicity (damage to the ear), nephrotoxicity (damage to the kidney), neuromuscular blockade (blocking of the receptors on nerves and muscles). (dawaai.pk)
VIAL1
  • Amikacin comes in a multi-dose vial, usually two treatments in each vial. (joewongcomedy.com)
Synthesis1
  • Amikacin binds to 30S ribosomal subunits of susceptible bacteria, thus inhibiting its protein synthesis. (medicscientist.com)
Pregnancy1
Generally1
  • Generally, antibiotic-induced ototoxicity is bilaterally symmetrical, but it can be asymmetrical. (medscape.com)
Dose2
Medication1
  • Fortunately, the majority of ototoxicity cases are reversible by stopping the medication concerned. (wikipedia.org)
Vancomycin3
Side Effects1
Produces1
  • Ototoxicity involving the cochlea produces hearing loss, usually commencing with high frequencies but often eventually progressing to the lower frequencies that encompass speech. (medscape.com)
Concern1
  • Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity are of significant concern. (medscape.com)
Treatments1
Drugs1
  • Drugs or pharmaceutical agents inducing ototoxicity are regarded as ototoxic medications. (wikipedia.org)
Drug1
  • Although ototoxicity can result from occupational and/or environmental exposure to ototoxins, the majority of cases result from drug therapy ( Brummett, 1980 ). (asha.org)
Risk1
  • Increased risk of ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. (medscape.com)
Patients1
Ears1
Medications1
  • There are three major locations where medications exert ototoxicity. (medscape.com)