Amalgam restorations. Medical search. Frequent questions

Recent developments of amalgam alloys have improved the clinical appearance of such fillings but the possible influence on their durability is uncertain. (docksci.com)
However, at that point the use of dental amalgam was declared to be malpractice, and the American Society of Dental Surgeons (ASDS), the only US dental association at the time, forced all of its members to sign a pledge to abstain from using the mercury fillings. (wikipedia.org)
Amalgam has been used for many years for restorations, commonly known as fillings. (wikipedia.org)
Traditionally, our grandparents and parents may have had silver-colored amalgam fillings. (bangkokdentalcenter.com)
Amalgam fillings are sometimes called mercury fillings as they contain minute amounts of mercury. (bangkokdentalcenter.com)
Today, amalgam filings are commonly replaced with tooth-colored fillings due to controversial studies on the effects of amalgam fillings on our health. (bangkokdentalcenter.com)
Safe removal of amalgam fillings following certain guidelines set forth by IAOMT can be opted at BIDC. (bangkokdentalcenter.com)
Amalgam dental fillings are silver in color and may turn blackish over time. (bangkokdentalcenter.com)
Millions of people across the country now have amalgam fillings in their teeth, but in recent years, some have begun to wonder how safe it really is to have mercury in your teeth. (dentalpartnersofboston.com)
Currently, there is no consensus about the safety of amalgam fillings. (dentalpartnersofboston.com)
While it is true that mercury vapor is released from amalgam, the amount of vapor released from fillings is safely below the FDA-accepted 0.4 micrograms per kilogram of body weight. (dentalpartnersofboston.com)
The American Dental Association continues to support the use of amalgam fillings. (dentalpartnersofboston.com)
Still, some wonder whether it would be wise to replace their amalgam fillings with composite resin fillings -a popular choice in recent years. (dentalpartnersofboston.com)
Generally, replacing silver amalgam fillings with white composite fillings is not necessary or recommended. (dentalpartnersofboston.com)
However, in some cases there may be serious cosmetic problems with amalgam fillings, or the amalgam fillings may be badly made or damaged. (dentalpartnersofboston.com)
Besides the cosmetic improvement, composite fillings offer several advantages over amalgam fillings, such as the following. (dentalpartnersofboston.com)
Composite fillings last longer than amalgam fillings. (dentalpartnersofboston.com)
One of our experienced dentists will evaluate your situation and discuss the possibility of replacing your amalgam fillings. (dentalpartnersofboston.com)
WHITE FILLINGS are now becoming a popular alternative to amalgam fillings. (whatclinic.com)
There the mercury treaty was finalized, and included important provisions to reduce and eliminate mercury pollution, one of them being a requirement for countries to phase down the use of dental amalgam (mercury fillings). (organicconsumers.org)
The most common materials used in dental fillings include composite resin, gold, porcelain, or an amalgam. (idahobusiness.net)
Most of us past a certain age have had - and may still have - amalgam fillings in our teeth. (zyris.com)
Amalgam fillings, root canals, and ill-fitting crowns have all been shown to potentially cause headaches and, in some cases, even migraines. (greensmoothiegirl.com)
When his amalgam, or silver, fillings were removed and replaced with composite restorations, his headaches disappeared. (greensmoothiegirl.com)
Upon further consideration, he realized that it was when he was 10 years old and in the 4th grade that cavities resulted in dental amalgam fillings . (greensmoothiegirl.com)
Dental amalgam fillings prove to be one of the main headache causes connected to dentistry, and there are actually two reasons why these silver fillings are connected to headaches: mercury and metals. (greensmoothiegirl.com)
Though they did not prohibit the use of amalgam fillings, the FDA did finally agree that these fillings may have a neurotoxic effect on the nervous system of children and fetuses. (greensmoothiegirl.com)
When two or more dissimilar metals are placed in a salt solution, similar to saliva, they generate an electrical current, and that is what can happen in your mouth at each of your amalgam fillings. (greensmoothiegirl.com)
Unlike the other teeth restorations, the composite or tooth-colored fillings are applied in layers. (shoredentalnorthport.com)
Bleaching or tooth whitening is not effective on dental restorations such as amalgam or tooth-coloured fillings, metal or porcelain crowns, etc. (cgh.com.sg)

ABSTRACT - Recurrent caries appears to be the most frequently occurring reason for replacement of amalgam dental restorations. (docksci.com)
Recurrent caries accounted for 53% of the registered reasons for replacement of amalgam restorations. (docksci.com)
When more than one reason for replacement was recorded, caries in association with marginal fractures dominated and was found in connection with 36 of all the restorations investigated. (docksci.com)
Recurrent caries appears to be the single most important factor leading to replacement of amalgam restorations, followed by marginal fractures (Table 1). (docksci.com)
Cavity design, cavity wall treatment and proper handling and condensation of a high quality amalgam alloy are factors considered to be of importance in relation to the prevention of recurrent caries and marginal fractures. (docksci.com)
In addition, proper contour and finishing of the restorations, particularly in the interproximal regions, eliminating plaque-retentive irregularities and restoring optimal oral hygiene conditions are of decisive caries-preventive importance. (docksci.com)
Therefore, CS has the potential to detect secondary caries around amalgam restorations more accurately than the other investigated modalities. (opendentistryjournal.com)
Marginal defects with and without clinical evidence of secondary caries were evaluated by practitioners pre-operatively and after the restoration had been carefully removed. (bvsalud.org)
Analyses of 235 amalgam and 193 composite restorations with marginal failures showed that secondary caries was the most frequent diagnosis resulting in replacement. (bvsalud.org)
The secondary caries was predominately found along the gingival section of the restoration. (bvsalud.org)
I would like to dispel the mistaken belief that drilling out a carious lesion and placing a restoration will eliminate the bacteria and thereby stop caries progression. (positivehealth.com)
Dental restorations are placed to restore the function, anatomy and integrity of tooth structure which can be lost due to various reasons such as dental caries, trauma and etc. (intelligentdental.com)
In recent years, following the development of new bonding and restoration materials, there has been a change in the way caries lesions are treated. (dentistrytoday.com)
First, the bonding layer undergoes degradation over time, which leads to a weakening of the connection between the tooth material and the restoration material and the creation of a gap that may lead to secondary caries. (dentistrytoday.com)
In composite restorations, secondary caries have been detected significantly more frequently in composite than amalgam. (dentistrytoday.com)
This clinical report will present a complex, minimally invasive treatment that includes direct and indirect restorations in a patient with rampant caries. (dentistrytoday.com)
The patient reported that most of the oral treatments had been performed over the past few years, noting that in every visit, the attending physician detected both restorations with secondary caries and new caries. (dentistrytoday.com)
Note secondary caries in the composite restorations that were carried out in recent years. (dentistrytoday.com)
Note the extensive composite restorations and the enormous secondary caries. (dentistrytoday.com)
Choosing a conventional composite for the new restorations was not the appropriate treatment plan for the patient at such an abnormal level of caries activity. (dentistrytoday.com)
1. We were aware that the chance of secondary tooth decay in teeth restored with composite restorations is significantly higher than the chance of secondary caries for teeth restored with amalgam restorations. (dentistrytoday.com)
The literature indicates that in composite restorations, secondary caries is more common in the gingival part of the restorations. (dentistrytoday.com)
Clinically, the tooth presented with a conservative occlusal amalgam with caries distal to the restoration. (dentistryiq.com)
For tooth identified as having untreated caries, additional secondary code entry was required if restoration was present on the tooth as well. (cdc.gov)
The dental examiners conducted a "whole mouth" assessment for untreated root caries and dental root restorations. (cdc.gov)
Un total de 83 dientes fueron selecciona- dos en 43 niños de siete a diez años de edad, que presentaron al menos una lesión de caries ocluso proximal, en la ciudad de Cosmópolis / SP, Brasil. (bvsalud.org)

Patients are exposed to high dose of mercury during the process of placing and removal of amalgam restoration. (intelligentdental.com)
A potential hazard DC particulate inhalation by patients and health workers is associated with removal of amalgam restorations and excavation of carious teeth. (cdc.gov)

direct and indirect restorations. (intelligentdental.com)

For the 5th year group of students, the percentage of teeth restored with amalgam was 14.3%, 12.0% and10.2%, when they were in the 3rd, 4the and 5th years of the course, respectively. (bvsalud.org)

Marginal failures of amalgam and composite restorations. (bvsalud.org)
The aim of the study was to clinically assess marginal failures of amalgam and composite restorations. (bvsalud.org)

Direct filling materials are used for chair side restorations where as indirect restorations such as crowns, bridges, inlays are fabricated outside the patientâ€™s mouth. (intelligentdental.com)

Fracture resistance of amalgam/glass-polyalkenoate open sandwich Class II restorations: an in vitro study. (mcw.edu)
The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of PTR-LUM (The Canary System, CS), laser fluorescence (DIAGNOdent, DD), LED fluorescence (Spectra), and visual inspection (ICDAS II) to detect natural decay around bonded amalgam restorations in vitro . (opendentistryjournal.com)

It was a cross-sectional study based on one hundred patient's complaint about pain that they experienced following placement of a restoration of a moderate Class I or II carious lesion. (com.pk)
Information about the exact type of restoration used should be included in the patient's medical record. (melisa.org)
Through consistent documentation of findings and good communication with the dentist, it will be possible to take excellent care of the patient's dental restorations. (dentalcare.com)

Additionally, carious lesions occur in a variety of anatomic locations, often adjacent to existing restorations, and have unique aspects of configuration and rate of spread. (intelligentdental.com)
When faced with deep carious lesions and root lesions, we as clinicians should be changing our focus from endodontic treatment, post and cores, and deep-cut full coverage restorations to, if possible, achieving pulpal health and restoring more conservatively. (dentalproductsreport.com)
The amalgam had partially fractured out and there was a deep carious lesion with close proximity to the pulp ( Fig. 1 ). (dentalproductsreport.com)

Surgical interventions include dental restorations, extractions, and implantations. (medscape.com)

It provides higher survival rates, proposes numerous measures to phase down the use of increased longevity and performs better under occlusal dental amalgam ( 7 ). (who.int)

Cavities were lined with different dentin bonding systems (Syntac, One Coat Bond and Excite) according to the manufacturer's instructions and restored with Oralloy and Cinalloy, non gamma 2 spherical amalgams and Aristaloy a non gamma 2 Admixed alloy. (ac.ir)
In dentistry, amalgam is a liquid mercury and metal alloy mixture used to fill cavities caused by tooth decay. (wikipedia.org)
In 1962 a new amalgam alloy, called Dispersalloy, was introduced with the addition of a spherical silver-copper eutectic particle to the traditional lathe-cut Ag3Sn particle in a ratio of 1:2. (wikipedia.org)
This alloy strengthened the set amalgam and reduced the γ2 phase (Sn8Hg). (wikipedia.org)
Dental amalgam is produced by mixing liquid mercury with an alloy made of silver, tin, and copper solid particles. (wikipedia.org)
This combination of solid particles is known as amalgam alloy. (wikipedia.org)
The composition of the alloy particles are controlled by the ISO Standard (ISO 1559) for dental amalgam alloy in order to control properties of set amalgam such as corrosion and setting expansion. (wikipedia.org)
It is important to differentiate between dental amalgam and the amalgam alloy that is commercially produced and marketed as small filings, spheroid particles, or a combination of these, suitable for mixing with liquid mercury to produce the dental amalgam. (wikipedia.org)

About 103,000 of the approximately 130,000 dental offices in the United States use or remove amalgam and send their wastewater to POTWs, the EPA said. (dentistrytoday.com)
Amalgam separators remove amalgam particles from the wastewater to reduce the amount of amalgam entering the sewage system. (ada.org)

A comparison of pre-operative diagnoses of marginal discrepancies, and the condition of the cavities at the site of the defects after the restorations had been carefully removed, showed fairly good consistency, but both false negative and false positive diagnoses were made. (bvsalud.org)
Therefore, they seem to be more reliable for the restoration of pulpotomized teeth with MOD cavities. (hindawi.com)
Usually, a filling or restoration is needed due to cavities or external trauma. (idahobusiness.net)

The aim of this study was to evaluate microleakage and interfacial micromorphology of amalgam restorations lined with dentin adhesives, namely One Coat Bond, Syntac, Excite and Copalite,as liners. (ac.ir)
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of two glass-polyalkenoate restorative materials used as root-dentin replacements on the fracture strength of Class II amalgam restorations. (mcw.edu)
Group 2: The root-dentin area was restored with a viscous conventional glass-polyalkenoate restorative material (Fuji IX GP, GC America, Alsip, IL, USA), and the remainder of the preparation restored with amalgam. (mcw.edu)
Group 3: The root-dentin area was restored with a resin-modified glass-polyalkenoate restorative material (Fuji II LC, GC America) and the remainder restored with amalgam. (mcw.edu)
CONCLUSION: Root-dentin replacement with the tested glass-polyalkenoate materials did not affect the fracture strength of Class II amalgam restorations. (mcw.edu)
Any teeth with doubtful pulp history or deep restorations (within inner third of dentin) were excluded. (com.pk)
RESULTS: A total of 65% of dentists would replace a composite restoration when the defective margin was located on dentin and 49% would repair it when the defective margin was located on enamel. (healthpartners.com)

For sound teeth, 3 mm. deep cavity preparations were made and teeth were restored with bonded-amalgam restorations. (opendentistryjournal.com)
Latest addition to this list is the use of some sort of cavity disinfection before restoration placement with a belief that reduced bacterial countwill result in less post-operative sensitivity. (com.pk)
Once upon a time, almost everyone that needed a cavity filled got an amalgam filling-the common silver-colored kind of filling, which is made of a combination of silver, mercury, tin, copper, and other metals. (dentalpartnersofboston.com)
However, cavity preparations for amalgam need to incorporate retentive features. (hindawi.com)

Mercury in dental amalgam (last updated 7/8/2022). (ada.org)

Amalgam has good resistance against masticatory forces in the posterior teeth. (hindawi.com)
Amalgam has been the gold standard for restorations in posterior teeth. (who.int)
including dental amalgam, which is made up of Amalgam has been the gold standard for restorations approximately 50% elemental mercury by weight, and in posterior teeth. (who.int)

However, one disadvantage that remained was fracture at the tooth-amalgam interface commonly called marginal fracture. (wikipedia.org)
Retaining the tooth in a nonfunctional state or worse, failure of the treatment due to vertical fracture of the tooth and/or coronal leaking of the access restoration leading to reinfection of the periapical area, does not serve our patients well. (vin.com)
It was this aspect of the fracture that prompted me to treatment plan a cast crown for restoration of this tooth. (vin.com)

Low-copper amalgam commonly consists of mercury (50%), silver (~22-32%), tin (~14%), zinc (~8%) and other trace metals. (wikipedia.org)
Below you will find an overview of metals found in frequently used dental and orthopaedic restorations as well as an overview of metals present in our environment. (melisa.org)
Below are listed metals commonly present in dental restorations. (melisa.org)
It is used worldwide by healthcare professionals to help determine whether patients are hypersensitive to metals commonly used in dental restorations or medical implants. (melisa.org)
These teeth restorations come in different materials from metals to amalgam. (shoredentalnorthport.com)

Early results from the clinical use of this new amalgam showed an improvement in marginal integrity. (wikipedia.org)
At the crown appointment, the amalgam filling and compromised mesial and distal marginal ridges were removed. (dentistryiq.com)

The EPA's Final Rule requires dental practices that place and discharge amalgam and discharge water into publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) to install and use amalgam separators by July 14, 2020. (dentistrytoday.com)
The EPA requires amalgam separators to achieve at least a 95% removal efficiency. (ada.org)
The EPA final rule on amalgam separators was effective as of July 14, 2017, and the date for compliance was July 14, 2020. (ada.org)
Dental best management practices for amalgam waste handling and disposal 4 include use of chair-side traps, use of amalgam separators, regular inspection and cleaning of traps, and use of appropriate commercial waste service to recycle and/or dispose of collected amalgam (Table). (ada.org)
Compliance with the EPA final rule on amalgam separators is required. (ada.org)
Amalgam separators are devices designed to capture amalgam particles from dental office wastewater through sedimentation, filtration, centrifugation, or a combination of these mechanisms. (ada.org)
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulation on the use of amalgam separators was finalized 7 and was effective as of July 14, 2017, with the date for compliance being July 14, 2020. (ada.org)

Ease in manipulation, adequate mechanical properties and long experience are factors which have established amalgam as the most widely used dental restorative material. (docksci.com)
In the 1800s, amalgam became the dental restorative material of choice due to its low cost, ease of application, strength, and durability. (wikipedia.org)
However, amalgam dental restorative material has certain disadvantages such as non adhesion to tooth structure and initial micro leakage. (com.pk)
For instance, it can be beneficial to polish the amalgam before replacing the restorative material. (dentalcare.com)
The results dental amalgam as a restorative material under strict showed that mercury levels in the air were more than observance of waste management protocols ( 5 ). (who.int)

To analyze the prevalence of restorations performed by students, a questionnaire was applied to 4th and 5th year students, containing questions relative to the number of restorations and type of material using in intramural clinical activities. (bvsalud.org)
Questions included clinical case scenarios that used text and clinical photographs of defective restorations. (healthpartners.com)

Consult with dentists for evaluation of dental restorations and teeth occlusion. (medscape.com)
Dentists are encouraged to follow dental best management practices for amalgam waste handling and disposal. (ada.org)
OBJECTIVES: To (1) identify and quantify the types of treatment that dentists use to manage defective dental restorations and (2) identify characteristics that are associated with these dentists' decisions to replace existing restorations. (healthpartners.com)
Most (52%) dentists would not intervene surgically when the restoration in the scenario was amalgam. (healthpartners.com)
CONCLUSIONS: Dentists were more likely to intervene surgically when the restoration was an existing composite, compared to an amalgam restoration. (healthpartners.com)
Direct anterior and posterior composite restorations and indirect restorations (veneers, inlays, onlays, and endocrowns) enable dentists to avoid removing healthy tooth material, reducing complications of excess tooth structure removal. (dentistrytoday.com)
Most of the dentists (76.3%) were unaware of the proper disposal protocols for dental amalgam and 76.5% were unaware of any guide- lines regarding amalgam use and disposal. (who.int)
Although there is a gap in knowledge among the dentists regarding amalgam disposal, dentists in Pakistan are reducing their use of dental amalgam in accordance with the guidelines of the Minamata Convention. (who.int)

Dental amalgam contains mercury, and cremation and the improper disposal of amalgam scrap contributes to environmental pollution. (who.int)
Exposure can also occur through the air, mercury amalgam dental restorations, spills, incinerators and industrial fuels and improper use or disposal. (who.int)

A dental filling is also known as a dental restoration. (idahobusiness.net)
Dublin, Dec. 16, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- The "Global Dental Restoration Market 2020-2024" report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering. (globenewswire.com)
The dental restoration market is poised to. (globenewswire.com)

In the past decade many important advances have been made in the composition of dental amalgam alloys (see survey by HOWARD, BAUM, HAMILTON, PHILLIPS, PRUDEN & RAMFJORD 1977). (docksci.com)
1976). It therefore remains to be seen to what extent the present improvements of dental amalgam alloys will positively influence the durability and thereby the rate of replacement of amalgam restorations. (docksci.com)

The direct restorations were carried out with composite and bonding material containing antibacterial particles. (dentistrytoday.com)
Aerosol containing amalgam or teeth particles were created by drilling with cross-cut carbide burs for 30 minutes. (cdc.gov)

This micro leakage in the tooth/amalgam interface causes pulpal pain as explained by hydro-dynamic theory. (com.pk)

what type of restoration is outlined and filled in solidly with blue? (studystack.com)
Two main problems accompany the clinician in this type of restoration. (dentistrytoday.com)

However, the durability of such restorations seems to be shorter than generally anticipated. (docksci.com)

Ever since its introduction in the Western world in the 1830s, amalgam has been the subject of recurrent controversies because of its mercury content. (wikipedia.org)

American National Standards Institute/American Dental Association (ANSI/ADA) Standard No. 109 defines amalgam waste as including amalgam (scrap), chair-side trap filters containing amalgam, vacuum pump filters containing amalgam, saliva ejectors if used in dental procedures involving amalgam, used amalgam capsules, extracted teeth with amalgam restorations, and waste items that are contaminated with amalgam. (ada.org)

Material and methods The present recording of the reasons for replacement of Class 2 amalgam restorations was based on information obtained from accepted treatment plans in the student clinic. (docksci.com)

Conclusion In the basic health units, the majority of restorations were performed with amalgam, whereas at the dental school there was higher prevalence of resin composite restorations. (bvsalud.org)

The aim of the present investigation was to record the reasons for replacement of Class 2 amalgam restorations in patients treated at the Department of Operative Dentistry, University of Oslo. (docksci.com)
Postoperative sensitivity in recently placed amalgam restoration subsides in majority of patients after 1week. (com.pk)
One hundred patients who received restoration at the department of operative dentistry, over a period of one year were included in the study. (com.pk)
However, exposing our patients to a second 'knock down' to cement a cast restoration is hardly medically or fiscally responsible. (vin.com)
The use of efficient water spray and suction and the use of protective barriers for all dental personnel and patients are important to reduce the exposure of amalgam and teeth aerosols during, denial drilling. (cdc.gov)
Patients who undergo dental procedures (eg, bleaching, restorations) for tooth discoloration should be monitored periodically. (medscape.com)
Patients with preexisting restorations, cervical erosions, enamel cracks, large pulp chambers, or sensitive teeth before treatment are at higher risk for postbleaching sensitivity. (medscape.com)

In most cases this is due to tooth decay leading to unsightly restorations, or early loss of teeth resulting in gaps, and poor tooth position which impact on smile. (positivehealth.com)
You are performing a Class Five restoration on tooth No. 6 when you suddenly realize that the decay is deeper than expected and extends subgingivally. (dentaleconomics.com)

Bulk-fill giomers followed by conventional composite resin were better able to prevent unfavorable fractures compared to amalgam. (hindawi.com)

In July 2018 the EU prohibited amalgam for dental treatment of children under 15 years and of pregnant or breastfeeding women. (wikipedia.org)

Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the severity of postoperative pain, following routine placement of dental amalgam restorations in local population. (com.pk)

A lot of efforts have been made to create a complete adaptation between tooth and amalgam restorations. (ac.ir)
Early amalgam was made by mixing mercury with the filings of silver coins. (wikipedia.org)
Amalgam restorations made from this balanced formula were reasonably successful and its longevity increased. (wikipedia.org)
50% of amalgam is made of mercury and they are then mixed to form a hard material which has silvery grey appearance through a process which is known as amalgamation. (intelligentdental.com)
Though we did not yet achieve the phase-out of amalgam, we made progress like never before. (organicconsumers.org)

The aim of this article is to highlight the possibility of the successful outcome of non-surgical retreatment involving disassembly of a cast restoration then orthograde MTA obturation, following failed surgical retreatment of a maxillary central incisor. (dental-tribune.com)

The current findings suggested that even though amalgam restorations can cause an increase in mercury body burden, the elevation above background levels is small and thus the risks associated with the use of this material are considered minimal for the general population. (researchwithrutgers.com)

Dental amalgam is one of the oldest, durable, safest, and least expensive materials for restoration. (com.pk)
dental amalgam is considered a safe, affordable and The use of amalgam is being phased out around durable material" ( 4 ). (who.int)

The the use of amalgam before the guidelines put forward by Minamata Convention on Mercury is an agreement the Minamata Convention which indicated that amalgam addressing activities contributing to mercury pollution. (who.int)

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) July 14 deadline for amalgam separator installation remains in place, though there will be a temporary policy regarding its enforcement during the COVID-19 pandemic. (dentistrytoday.com)

Objective To diagnose the prevalence of amalgam and resin composite restorations performed by professionals in public service and university students in a municipality in the Northeast of the State of Paraná. (bvsalud.org)
The objective of this study was to find out the severity of postoperative pain in routinely placed amalgamrestorations. (com.pk)

Recently, bulk-fill composite resins have been developed to simplify the placement of direct composite restorations. (hindawi.com)

The 3M ESPE utilises developments in nanotechnology enabling high-quality restorations with good mechanical properties and strength. (bangkokdentalcenter.com)

Anatomy3

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs16

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment19

Phenomena and Processes2

Disciplines and Occupations3

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture10

Health Care9

Geographicals1

Fillings30

Caries26

Removal of amalgam2

Direct and indirect restorations1

Teeth restored with amalgam1

Failures of amalgam2

Crowns1

Vitro2

Patient's3

Carious3

Extractions1

Occlusal1

Alloy8

Remove amalgam2

Cavities3

Dentin7

Cavity4

20221

Posterior teeth3

Fracture3

Metals5

Marginal2

Separators7

Restorative material5

Clinical2

Dentists8

Disposal2

Dental restoration3

Alloys2

Particles2

Pulpal1

Type of restoration2

Durability1

Recurrent1

Scrap1

Methods1

Conclusion1

Patients7

Decay2

Conventional composite1

20181

Routine1

Made5

Surgical1

Findings1

Durable2

Pollution1

Environmental Protec1

OBJECTIVE2

Placement1

Developments1