Alzheimer amyloid. Medical search. Frequent questions

Research groups focusing on Alzheimer's disease and diabetes at the University of Eastern Finland have now show that the APP A673T gene variant, which is a variant in the amyloid precursor protein gene protecting against Alzheimer's disease, leads to an average of 30 per cent decreased levels of the beta-amyloid subtypes 40 and 42. (sciencedaily.com)
Early breakthroughs in AD research led to the discovery of amyloid-β as the major component of senile plaques and tau protein as the major component of NFTs. (unboundmedicine.com)
Shortly following the identification of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide was the discovery that a genetic mutation in the amyloid precursor protein (APP), a type1 transmembrane protein, can be a cause of autosomal dominant familial AD (fAD). (unboundmedicine.com)
Amyloid β-protein (Aβ) oligomers, intermediates of Aβ aggregation, cause cognitive impairment and synaptotoxicity in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). (nih.gov)
In this study spatial reconstructions and electrophysiological measurements of layer II/III pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex from wild-type (WT) and transgenic (TG) human amyloid precursor protein (hAPP) overexpressing Tg2576 mice were used to build faithful segmental cable models of these neurons. (frontiersin.org)
On June 7, 2021, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted accelerated approval for the first-ever disease-modifying therapy for AD, aducanumab, a monoclonal antibody directed against amyloid-beta protein. (plos.org)
All of these diseases are marked by harmful, elongated, rope-like structures known as amyloid fibrils, linked protein molecules that form in the brains of patients. (uclahealth.org)
The UCLA researchers, led by David Eisenberg, director of the UCLA-Department of Energy Institute of Genomics and Proteomics and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator, report the first application of this technique in the search for molecular compounds that bind to and inhibit the activity of the amyloid-beta protein responsible for forming dangerous plaques in the brain of patients with Alzheimer's and other degenerative diseases. (uclahealth.org)
Armed with a precise knowledge of the atomic structure of the amyloid-beta protein, Jiang, Eisenberg and colleagues conducted a computational screening of 18,000 compounds in search of those most likely to bind tightly and effectively to the protein. (uclahealth.org)
While these compounds did not reduce the amount of protein aggregates, they were found to reduce the protein's toxicity and to increase the stability of amyloid fibrils - a finding that lends further evidence to the theory that smaller assemblies of amyloid-beta known as oligomers, and not the fibrils themselves, are the toxic agents responsible for Alzheimer's symptoms. (uclahealth.org)
The researchers hypothesize that by binding snugly to the protein, the compounds they identified may be preventing these smaller oligomers from breaking free of the amyloid-beta fibrils, thus keeping toxicity in check. (uclahealth.org)
Previous laboratory work by the team helped clarify key mechanisms involved in helping vitamin D3 clear amyloid-beta, the abnormal protein found in the plaque. (ucla.edu)
Amyloid protein (orange) forms clumps among neurons (blue). (scitechdaily.com)
Among his many contributions to research on AD, Rudolph Tanzi, PhD, vice chair of Neurology and co-director of the McCance Center for Brain Health at MGH, led a team in 1986 that discovered the first Alzheimer's disease gene, known as APP, which provides instructions for making amyloid protein precursor (APP). (scitechdaily.com)
When this protein is cut (or cleaved) by enzymes - first, beta secretase, followed by gamma secretase - the byproduct is amyloid beta (sometimes shortened to Abeta). (scitechdaily.com)
This protocol explains fabrication of microbeads, which will be used to help control the rate of release and the amount of amyloid which is a protein of interest. (jove.com)
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is characterized by extracellular plaques in the brain created when monomeric amyloid-β (Aβ) protein aggregates into fibrillar structures. (confex.com)
We posit that Alzheimer's disease (AD) is driven by amyloid-β (Aβ) generated in the amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) independent pathway, which is activated by AβPP-derived Aβ accumulated intraneuronally, in a life-long process. (fightaging.org)
Amyloid plaques are a neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease and primarily consist of the protein beta amyloid (Aβ). (researchsquare.com)
In this study, we evaluated the effects of a new tacrine-melatonin hybrid on behavior and the biochemical and neuropathologic changes observed in amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 (APP/Ps1) transgenic mice. (druglib.com)
Methods: A plasmid expressing CERTL, the long isoform of CERTs, was used to study the interaction of CERTL with amyloid precursor protein (APP) by co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence in HEK cells. (eur.nl)
The recombinant CERTL protein was employed to study interaction of CERTL with amyloid-β (Aβ), Aβ aggregation process in presence of CERTL, and the resulting changes in Aβ toxicity in neuroblastoma cells. (eur.nl)
AD patients exhibit a myriad of retinal pathologies, including hallmark amyloid β-protein (Aβ) deposits. (jci.org)
Additionally, we detected increased levels of active glycogen synthase kinase 3 β, a physiological kinase of TAU, in neurons derived from AD iPSCs, as well as significant upregulation of amyloid precursor protein (APP) synthesis and APP carboxy-terminal fragment cleavage. (biomedcentral.com)
Most cases of early-onset AD are linked to autosomal dominant inherited mutations in the genes encoding amyloid precursor protein ( APP ), presenilin 1 ( PSEN1 ), and presenilin 2 ( PSEN2 ). (biomedcentral.com)
Two well-defined pathological hallmarks of AD have been described: the formation of extracellular amyloid plaques and the development of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) formed by aggregated hyperphosphorylated TAU protein [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Recent evidence indicates that the regulation of the endocytic trafficking of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and/or its secretases to and from sorting endosomes is determinant for Aβ42 production. (unl.pt)
In a healthy brain, beta-amyloid protein fragments are broken down and removed from the brain. (siemens-healthineers.com)
In a brain with AD, beta-amyloid protein fragments accumulate to form hard, insoluble plaques in between neurons. (siemens-healthineers.com)
The plaques mainly consist of beta-amyloid (Aβ) peptides, which are generated through cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by secretases, such as beta-site APP-cleavage enzyme 1 (BACE1). (biologists.com)
Researchers investigating a known gene risk factor for Alzheimer's disease discovered it is associated with lower levels of beta amyloid - a brain protein involved in Alzheimer's - in cognitively healthy older people. (nih.gov)
The amyloid precursor protein being cleaved by gamma and beta secretases and releasing the amyloid beta peptide, which can accumulate to amyloid plaques, one of the main symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. (jax.org)
Amyloid-beta is a protein that aggregates into plaques and is a hallmark of the disease. (lu.se)
Neuroprotective mechanisms of chronic physical exercise via reduction of ß-amyloid protein in experimental models of Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review. (bvsalud.org)
It is characterized by the abnormal accumulation of ß- amyloid protein (Aß), which triggers homeostatic breakage in several physiological systems. (bvsalud.org)
All types of amyloid consist of one major fibrillar protein that defines the type of amyloid. (medscape.com)
Polymorphisms that slightly vary native peptides or inflammatory processes set the stage for abnormal protein folding and amyloid fibril deposition. (medscape.com)
The amyloidoses are referred to with a capital A (for amyloid) followed by an abbreviation for the fibril protein. (medscape.com)
Mutations in genes for the amyloid precursor protein, presenilin I, and presenilin II may lead to autosomal dominant forms of Alzheimer disease, typically with early onset. (msdmanuals.com)
Beta -amyloid may also alter kinase and phosphatase activities in ways that eventually lead to hyperphosphorylation of tau (a protein that stabilizes microtubules) and formation of neurofibrillary tangles. (msdmanuals.com)
[ 3 ] It is hard to have success in a research trial when you are attacking the amyloid protein, but 40% of the people in the trial did not have amyloid. (medscape.com)
The aggregation of the protein Amyloid-beta (Abeta) into plaques outside the nerve cells has been recognized in patients with Alzheimer's disease since 1905. (lu.se)

S100A9-Driven Amyloid-Neuroinflammatory Cascade in Traumatic Brain Injury as a Precursor State for Alzheimer's Disease. (ox.ac.uk)
By analyzing the TBI and AD human brain tissues, we demonstrated that in post-TBI tissues S100A9, produced by neurons and microglia, becomes drastically abundant compared to Aβ and contributes to both precursor-plaque formation and intracellular amyloid oligomerization. (ox.ac.uk)

The Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging and the Alzheimer's Association Amyloid Imaging Taskforce (AIT) have jointly published the first criteria for the appropriate use of brain amyloid imaging technology to aid in the diagnosis of people with suspected Alzheimer's disease. (alz.org)
Although identifying potential benefits, the AIT concluded that amyloid PET results will not constitute and is not equivalent to a clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease dementia. (alz.org)
The monoclonal antibody lecanemab, taken at a bi-weekly dose of 10 mg/kg, completely cleared amyloid within 18 months in 80% patients with early Alzheimer's disease (AD), results of a phase 2b study show. (medscape.com)
In addition, amyloid clearance appears to correlate with a slowing of cognitive decline, suggesting the drug has an impact on the disease process. (medscape.com)
Florbetapir is a radioactive dye proposed for use in Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging of beta-amyloid plaque deposits to help rule out Alzheimer's disease. (alz.org)
In the doctor's office, having a negative scan using this tool (meaning no detectable amyloid buildup in the brain) may be helpful to clinicians in ruling out Alzheimer's disease as the cause of the memory and thinking changes that the person being tested is experiencing. (alz.org)
Having amyloid buildup in your brain does not mean for certain that you have Alzheimer's disease. (alz.org)
The APP gene variant protecting against Alzheimer's disease significantly decreases plasma beta-amyloid levels in a population cohort. (sciencedaily.com)
This is a very significant discovery, as many on-going drug trials in the field of Alzheimer's disease focus on decreasing beta-amyloid levels in the brain tissue. (sciencedaily.com)
New research from the University of Eastern Finland shows that the APP gene variant protecting against Alzheimer's disease significantly decreases plasma beta-amyloid levels in a population cohort. (sciencedaily.com)
Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease strongly characterised by the accumulation of beta-amyloid in the brain tissue. (sciencedaily.com)
Several on-going drug trials for Alzheimer's disease focus on decreasing beta-amyloid levels in the brain tissue. (sciencedaily.com)
According to the hypothesis, the accumulation of beta-amyloid in the brain plays a key role in Alzheimer's disease. (sciencedaily.com)
Here we studied in vivo the distributions of amyloid load and microglial activation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and their relationship with cognitive status. (nih.gov)
By accessing longitudinal biomarker data from the ADNI database, we validate our computational modeling approach to identify patient-specific disease trajectories and optimize individual treatments for two anti-amyloid-beta therapies, aducanumab and donanemab, in proof-of-principle clinical trial simulations. (plos.org)
Do Anti-Amyloid Beta Drugs Accelerate Brain Atrophy in Alzheimer Disease? (asbah.org)
In recent years, secretase inhibitor and monoclonal antibody anti-amyloid beta therapies have been under development for the treatment of Alzheimer disease (AD). (asbah.org)
The mainstay of therapy for patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) is the use of centrally acting cholinesterase inhibitors to attempt to compensate for the depletion of acetylcholine (ACh) in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. (medscape.com)
Anti-amyloid beta monoclonal antibodies may potentially be the first disease-modifying therapy for AD. (medscape.com)
The transdermal patch 13.3 mg/24 h is approved for all stages of Alzheimer disease, including severe. (medscape.com)
A team of academic researchers has pinpointed how vitamin D3 and omega-3 fatty acids may enhance the immune system's ability to clear the brain of amyloid plaques, one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. (ucla.edu)
Both 1alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and resolvin D1 improved the ability of the Alzheimer's disease patients' macrophages to gobble-up amyloid-beta, and they inhibited the cell death that is induced by amyloid-beta. (ucla.edu)
These findings in the human brain were validated in the 5xFAD amyloid mouse model, which showed disease progression-dependent increases in Plcg2 expression associated with amyloid pathology. (unboundmedicine.com)
Amyloid in the brain is one of the proteins associated with Alzheimer's disease. (scitechdaily.com)
In a major breakthrough, researchers have discovered how amyloid beta - the neurotoxin believed to be at the root of Alzheimer's disease (AD) - forms in axons and related structures that connect neurons in the brain, where it causes the most damage. (scitechdaily.com)
So encapsulating the cells described in this protocol will give us more of a chronic release of amyloid to use in both in vitro and in vivo systems, and the idea would be this would give us a better understanding of the mechanisms of disease and also allow us to test new treatments. (jove.com)
Free Heme and Amyloid-β: A Fatal Liaison in Alzheimer's Disease. (j-alz.com)
In the current study, we utilized Stokes and Mueller polarimetry techniques to screen for amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded mouse brain tissue at different stages of Alzheimer's disease. (spiedigitallibrary.org)
Mariia Borovkova , Alexander Bykov , Alexey Popov , Angelo Pierangelo , Tatiana Novikova , Jens Pahnke , and Igor Meglinski "The use of Stokes-Mueller polarimetry for assessment of amyloid-β progression in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease", Proc. (spiedigitallibrary.org)
Background and Objectives To determine the diagnostic accuracy of a plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 assay in classifying amyloid PET status across global research studies using samples collected by multiple centers that utilize different blood collection and processing protocols.MethodsPlasma samples (n = 465) were obtained from 3 large Alzheimer disease (AD) research cohorts in the United States (n = 182), Australia (n = 183), and Sweden (n = 100). (lu.se)
Is the slow amyloid-β aggregation, occurring for years prior to the onset of evident symptoms, really the cause of Alzheimer's disease ? (fightaging.org)
The amyloid cascade hypothesis suggests that this accumulation of misfolded amyloid-β, and the toxic biochemistry surrounding its aggregates, set the stage for the much more severe later stage of Alzheimer's disease, in which neuroinflammation and tau aggregation kill neurons - and ultimately the patient. (fightaging.org)
However, it may also be the case that amyloid-β is in fact a useful target, and the failure to help patients occurred because the wrong forms or localizations of amyloid-β were targeted, or that patients were treated too late in the progression of Alzheimer's disease, after a point at which amyloid-β became irrelevant. (fightaging.org)
they provide insight into the factors that drive amyloid plaque development and are potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets for Alzheimer's disease (AD). (researchsquare.com)
A new tacrine-melatonin hybrid reduces amyloid burden and behavioral deficits in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. (druglib.com)
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive degenerative disorder characterized by the presence of amyloid deposits, neurofibrillary tangles and neuron loss. (druglib.com)
Passive immunization with anti-amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) antibodies is effective in animal models of Alzheimer disease. (uzh.ch)
These findings demonstrate the therapeutic potential of Aβ-specific DARPins for the treatment of Alzheimer disease. (uzh.ch)
Scientists believe that amyloid plaque buildup is one of the key causes of Alzheimer's disease. (beingpatient.com)
The main objective was to perform meta-analysis of studies of CSF tau and Amyloid β 42 (Aβ 42 ) levels in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and controls. (scirp.org)
Blood-based biomarkers of pathophysiological brain amyloid β (Aβ) accumulation, particularly for preclinical target and large-scale interventions, are warranted to effectively enrich Alzheimer's disease clinical trials and management. (quanterix.com)
The increased production of the 42 aminoacids long beta-amyloid (Aβ42) peptide has been established as a causal mechanism of the familial early onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). (unl.pt)
Scholars@Duke publication: Mild cognitive impairment and asymptomatic Alzheimer disease subjects: equivalent β-amyloid and tau loads with divergent cognitive outcomes. (duke.edu)
Older adults with intact cognition before death and substantial Alzheimer disease (AD) lesions at autopsy have been termed 'asymptomatic AD subjects' (ASYMAD). (duke.edu)
Several ground-breaking immunotherapy treatments have recently emerged that work to reduce beta-amyloid plaques that form in the brain and slow down cognitive decline in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). (siemens-healthineers.com)
However, the nature and magnitude of amyloid-related memory and non-memory change from the preclinical to the clinical stages of Alzheimer's disease has not been evaluated over the same time interval. (monash.edu)
Healthy older adults (n = 320), individuals with mild cognitive impairment (n = 57) and individuals with Alzheimer's disease (n = 36) enrolled in the AUSn Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle study underwent at least one positron emission tomography neuroimaging scan for amyloid. (monash.edu)
Compared with amyloid-negative healthy older adults, amyloid-positive healthy older adults, and amyloid-positive individuals with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease showed moderate and equivalent decline in verbal and visual episodic memory over 36 months (d's = 0.47-0.51). (monash.edu)
Relative to amyloid-negative healthy older adults, amyloid-positive healthy older adults showed no decline in non-memory functions, but amyloid-positive individuals with mild cognitive impairment showed additional moderate decline in language, attention and visuospatial function (d's = 0.47-1.12), and amyloid-positive individuals with Alzheimer's disease showed large decline in all aspects of memory and non-memory function (d's = 0.73-2.28). (monash.edu)
Memory decline does not plateau with increasing disease severity, and decline in non-memory functions increases in amyloid-positive individuals with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. (monash.edu)
The combined detection of amyloid positivity and objectively-defined decline in memory are reliable indicators of early Alzheimer's disease, and the detection of decline in non-memory functions in amyloid-positive individuals with mild cognitive impairment may assist in determining the level of disease severity in these individuals. (monash.edu)
Further, these results suggest that grouping amyloid data into at least two categories of abnormality may be useful in determining the disease risk level in non-demented individuals. (monash.edu)
The findings suggest that a mechanism other than one related to beta amyloid accumulation may influence disease risk associated with the gene. (nih.gov)
For one thing, the accumulation of beta amyloid in the brains of patients has been one of the few known disease hallmarks. (jax.org)
But what if the damage had already been done, and decreasing beta amyloid at that stage of disease progression was too late? (jax.org)
Therefore, the presence of beta amyloid plaques alone is not sufficient to cause disease, and after a certain stage, their elimination is probably not sufficient to slow its course. (jax.org)
Therefore, effective experimental platforms are vital for investigating the genetic variants that affect AD risk, the environmental and behavioral factors such as diet and exercise that play a role over time, and the interplay between beta amyloid, tau, the immune system, brain vasculature and other potential contributors to disease. (jax.org)
Amyloid antibodies as future treatment for Alzheimer's disease? (bpno.no)
More antibodies targeting amyloid have been developed, and one of the raising questions is if they are usable in treating Alzheimer's disease. (bpno.no)
Alzheimer's disease and the beta amyloid gene. (ox.ac.uk)
The only definitive diagnosis for Alzheimer disease (AD) at present is postmortem observation of neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in brain sections. (elsevierpure.com)
The disease process is largely associated with amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and loss of neuronal connections in the brain. (wikipedia.org)
The disease is named after German psychiatrist and pathologist Alois Alzheimer, who first described it in 1906. (wikipedia.org)
Neuroinflammation and amyloid-β in early Alzheimer's disease. (lu.se)
Alzheimer disease causes progressive cognitive deterioration and is characterized by beta-amyloid deposits and neurofibrillary tangles in the cerebral cortex and subcortical gray matter. (msdmanuals.com)
laboratory and imaging tests are usually done to look for specific findings that suggest Alzheimer disease and to identify other treatable causes of dementia. (msdmanuals.com)
In the US, an estimated 10% of people ≥ 65 have Alzheimer disease. (msdmanuals.com)
Most cases of Alzheimer disease are sporadic, with late onset ( ≥ 65 years) and unclear etiology. (msdmanuals.com)
Risk of Alzheimer disease is substantially increased in people with two epsilon-4 alleles and may be decreased in those who have the epsilon-2 allele. (msdmanuals.com)
For people with two epsilon-4 alleles, risk of developing Alzheimer disease by age 75 is about 10 to 30 times that for people without the allele. (msdmanuals.com)
APOE4-specific changes in Abeta accumulation in a new transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer disease. (lu.se)
An amyloid fibrillar form of these peptides is the major component of amyloid plaques found in individuals with Alzheimer's disease and in aged individuals with trisomy 21 (DOWN SYNDROME). (bvsalud.org)
They are abandoning their entire Alzheimer disease (AD) portfolio. (medscape.com)
The majority of researchers agree that Amyloid-beta (Abeta) matters for Alzheimer's disease. (lu.se)

A number of non-structural screening attempts have been made to identify natural and synthetic compounds that might prevent the aggregation and toxicity of amyloid fibrils. (uclahealth.org)
Those compounds that showed the strongest potential for binding were then tested for their efficacy in blocking the aggregation of amyloid-beta and for their ability to protect mammalian cells grown in culture from the protein's toxic effects, which in the past has proved very difficult. (uclahealth.org)
Very wrong" in this context could mean that, for example, the aggregation of amyloid-β is a side-effect, a consequence of other processes that actually drive the onset of Alzheimer's, and thus targeting it will never prove to be useful. (fightaging.org)
While the linear causality proposed by the original amyloid hypothesis is showing several criticisms and controversies, it is well accepted that when Aβ undergoes aggregation is more neurotoxic through its oligomers (AβOs) instead of large fibrils composing plaques in brains. (ebri.it)
Only 10% of amyloidosis deposits consist of components such as glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), apolipoprotein-E (apoE), and serum amyloid P-component (SAP), while nearly 90% of the deposits consist of amyloid fibrils that are formed by the aggregation of misfolded proteins. (medscape.com)
With OPTIR, we can follow the formation of structures that precede the aggregation of amyloid proteins directly in the living tissue. (lu.se)

The characteristic features of AD pathology are amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles and loss of neuronal connections in the brain (1). (biologists.com)

A clinical diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD or mild AD dementia, both with confirmed presence of amyloid beta pathology consistent with AD. (cms.gov)
Modifiers and novel antibodies specifically recognizing neurotoxic Aß assemblies will be validated for their potential not only to prevent amyloid plaque formation, but also spreading of pathology as well as neurotoxicity. (alzheimer-europe.org)
We focused our study on early onset AD as the drivers of the more aggressive pathology development in these cases is unknown and it is unclear whether amyloid-plaque enriched proteins differ between subtypes of early onset AD. (researchsquare.com)
The geometric distribution and increased burden of retinal amyloid pathology in AD, together with the feasibility to noninvasively detect discrete retinal amyloid deposits in living patients, may lead to a practical approach for large-scale AD diagnosis and monitoring. (jci.org)
investigated the impact of severe reduction of cortical myelin on amyloid pathology. (biologists.com)
APOE4 aggravates amyloid pathology, increases microglial reactivity, and worsens cognition in animal models of AD [8, 9]. (lu.se)
APOE modulates microglial immunometabolism in response to age, amyloid pathology, and inflammatory challenge. (lu.se)

As onset and progression of AD is triggered by the amyloid cascade, I will put particular attention on amyloid ß-peptide (Aß). (alzheimer-europe.org)
One characteristic hallmark of AD is the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide in the form of insoluble extracellular senile plaques and soluble oligomers in susceptible areas of the brain. (frontiersin.org)
Our findings showed that direct intracerebral administration of this hybrid decreased amyloid beta peptide (Abeta)-induced cell death and amyloid burden in the brain parenchyma of APP/Ps1 mice. (druglib.com)
Radiolabeled amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), which has been shown to label neuritic plaques in vitro, therefore could provide a diagnostic tool if it also labels neuritic plaques in vivo following intravenous injection. (elsevierpure.com)

11 C)Pittsburgh Compound-B (PIB) positron emission tomography (PET) has enabled the in vivo visualisation of brain amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition. (bmj.com)
In brain slices labeled with anti- AβO nanobodies we are able to reveal, by super-resolution confocal microscopy, new patterns of AβO deposition largely complementary to extracellular Aβ plaques detected by generic amyloid dyes and other anti- Aβ antibodies. (ebri.it)
assessed amyloid deposition in AD mouse models (5xFAD and APP NLGF , respectively) crossed with mice showing minor structural myelin defects driven by the lack of myelin-proteins like CNP (CNP -/- ) or PLP (PLP -/y ). 5XFAD mice harbor five familial AD (FAD) mutations triggering Aβ overproduction, and already exhibit amyloid deposition two months after birth (4). (biologists.com)
This indicates that chronic and acute myelin dysfunction trigger amyloid deposition and reveals myelin defects as a risk factor for plaque formation. (biologists.com)
This indicates that absence of myelin delays amyloid deposition. (biologists.com)
Amyloidosis is a clinical disorder caused by extracellular and/or intracellular deposition of insoluble abnormal amyloid fibrils that alter the normal function of tissues. (medscape.com)
Apo E proteins influence beta-amyloid deposition, cytoskeletal integrity, and efficiency of neuronal repair. (msdmanuals.com)

Such studies have revealed that polyphenols, naturally occurring compounds found in green tea and in the spice turmeric, can inhibit the formation of amyloid fibrils. (uclahealth.org)
Researchers around the world have worked intensely to find ways to block the formation of amyloid beta by preventing cleavage by beta secretase and gamma secretase. (scitechdaily.com)
It's also known that another class of drugs that Kovacs is studying for preventing formation of amyloid beta, called ACAT inhibitors, works directly in MAMs. (scitechdaily.com)
Similarly, induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) - a model for chronic immune-mediated myelin loss - caused the formation of amyloid plaques in the spinal cord of 5xFAD mice. (biologists.com)

Secondary endpoints also included amyloid PET and fluid biomarkers. (medscape.com)
The data also showed decreased amyloid by both PET and plasma biomarkers over 12 months in the OLE phase. (medscape.com)
Nonetheless, more recent advances in imaging analysis, biomarkers and mouse models are now redefining this original hypothesis, as it is likely amyloid-β, tau and other pathophysiological mechanism such as inflammation, come together at a crossroads that ultimately leads to the development of AD. (unboundmedicine.com)
Our study highlights the significant enrichment of many proteins in amyloid plaques, many of which may be potential therapeutic targets and/or biomarkers for AD. (researchsquare.com)
Therefore, comprehensively profiling the proteins that are enriched in amyloid plaques would increase our understanding about AD pathogenesis, and possibly identify new biomarkers and/or new therapeutic targets for AD. (researchsquare.com)

Extracellular forms of CERTs co-localize with amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques in AD brains. (eur.nl)
Relative to the control neurons, neurons derived from patients with fAD and patients with sAD exhibited higher levels of extracellular amyloid-β 1-40 (Aβ 1-40 ) and amyloid-β 1-42 (Aβ 1-42 ). (biomedcentral.com)
Recent treatments that have or are seeking regulatory approval aim to decrease this extracellular amyloid-beta plaque load, but these treatments have only moderately succeeded in improving the brain function. (lu.se)

Optimal control theory is used to incorporate time-varying treatment controls and side-effects into the model, based on recent clinical trial data, to provide a personalized treatment regimen with anti-amyloid-beta therapy. (plos.org)
In-silico treatment studies were conducted on the approved treatment, aducanumab, as well as on another promising anti-amyloid-beta therapy under evaluation, donanemab. (plos.org)
Anti-amyloid beta (Ab) drugs may potentially compromise brain health in the long-term by accelerating brain atrophy, according to the findings of a systematic review and meta-analysis published in Neurology . (asbah.org)
As potential volumetric changes caused by anti-amyloid beta drugs have not been sufficiently interrogated, researchers from the University of Melbourne in Australia searched publication databases through December 2022 for data about brain volumetric changes associated with anti-amyloid beta drugs. (asbah.org)
Researchers modeled changes in brain volumes over time among patients treated with anti-amyloid beta drugs. (asbah.org)
As of early 2023, two anti-amyloid beta monoclonal antibodies (ie, aducanumab, lecanemab) are available in the United States. (medscape.com)
This opens up for investigations of the effect of anti-amyloid drugs in living samples. (lu.se)

Moreover, elevated sensitivity to oxidative stress, as induced by amyloid oligomers or peroxide, was detected in both fAD- and sAD-derived neurons. (biomedcentral.com)
Previously, we showed full-length TDP-43 forms spherical oligomers and perturbs amyloid-β (Aβ) fibrillization. (ox.ac.uk)

In our research, we observed and emphasized an initial accumulation of amyloid-beta inside of neurons before plaque appearance. (lu.se)

Amyloid-related dendritic atrophy and membrane alterations of susceptible brain neurons in AD, and in animal models of AD are widely recognized. (frontiersin.org)
Our simulations predict the way how subthreshold dendritic signaling and pattern recognition are preserved in TG neurons: amyloid-related membrane alterations compensate for the pathological effects that dendritic atrophy has on subthreshold dendritic signal transfer and integration in layer II/III somatosensory neurons of this hAPP mouse model for AD. (frontiersin.org)
Amyloid beta formed in the brain's axons and nerve endings causes the worst damage in AD by impairing communication between nerve cells (or neurons) in the brain. (scitechdaily.com)
This amyloid-beta can impact the function of neurons negatively, which at a large enough scale can impair brain function. (lu.se)
These observations have led to the present work as we asked whether there is a connection between amyloid-beta accumulation in neurons and inflammatory changes before plaques appear. (lu.se)

The stacked gray arrows are a artistic representations of the amyloid proteins associated with numerous diseases, including Alzheimer's. (uclahealth.org)
When proteins enter amyloid, they stack up like the rungs of a ladder and interfere with normal operations of biological cells. (uclahealth.org)
Amyloid plaques contain many proteins in addition to beta amyloid (Aβ). (researchsquare.com)
The aim of this study was to comprehensively identify proteins that are enriched in amyloid plaques using unbiased proteomics in two subtypes of early onset AD: sporadic early onset AD (EOAD) and Down Syndrome (DS) with AD. (researchsquare.com)
Amyloid plaques and neighbouring non-plaque tissue were microdissected from human brain sections using laser capture microdissection and label-free LC-MS was used to quantify the proteins present. (researchsquare.com)
48 proteins were consistently enriched in amyloid plaques in EOAD and DS. (researchsquare.com)
Many of these proteins were more significantly enriched in amyloid plaques than Aβ. (researchsquare.com)
The most enriched proteins in amyloid plaques in both EOAD and DS were: COL25A1, SMOC1, MDK, NTN1, OLFML3 and HTRA1. (researchsquare.com)
Endosomal/lysosomal proteins were particularly highly enriched in amyloid plaques. (researchsquare.com)
Fluorescent immunohistochemistry was used to validate the enrichment of four proteins in amyloid plaques (moesin, ezrin, ARL8B and SMOC1) and to compare the amount of total Aβ, Aβ40, Aβ42, phosphorylated Aβ, pyroglutamate Aβ species and oligomeric species in EOAD and DS. (researchsquare.com)
Overall, we observed that amyloid plaques in EOAD and DS largely contained the same proteins, however the amount of enrichment of some proteins was different in EOAD and DS. (researchsquare.com)
However, it is often overlooked that amyloid plaques also contain hundreds of proteins in addition to Aβ. (researchsquare.com)
Previous studies have typically used immunohistochemistry to identify amyloid plaque proteins. (researchsquare.com)
Mass spectrometry-based proteomics is an alternative approach that allows efficient quantification of thousands of amyloid plaque proteins simultaneously. (researchsquare.com)
[ 4 ] In humans, about 23 different unrelated proteins are known to form amyloid fibrils in vivo. (medscape.com)
Submicron-level structural alterations of amyloid proteins often occur prior to the onset of neurodegenerative diseases and before gross changes in the brain tissue can be detected with classical methods. (lu.se)
One example of what can be observed in living brain tissue is the formation of beta-sheet structures, characteristic of amyloid proteins involved in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. (lu.se)

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Peripheral and Central Nervous System Drugs Advisory Committee did not recommend approval of florbetapir (Amyvid, Lilly/Avid) injection for imaging amyloid plaques based on the currently available data. (alz.org)

This update is in progress now, and will include AUC for both amyloid and tau brain imaging. (alz.org)
On one hand, FDA approval of this product will expand the clinical and research opportunities for amyloid imaging by making this brain imaging tool more widely available to the field. (alz.org)
However, a positive scan (showing that there is amyloid buildup in the brain) has limited utility at this point. (alz.org)
Researchers noted that "These findings reveal the potential for anti-Aβ [amyloid beta] therapies to compromise long-term brain health by accelerating brain atrophy, and provide new insight into the adverse impact of ARIA. (asbah.org)
Macrophages are responsible for gobbling up amyloid-beta and other waste products in the brain and body. (ucla.edu)
We observed significant upregulation of PLCG2 expression in three brain regions of LOAD patients and significant positive correlation of PLCG2 expression with amyloid plaque density. (unboundmedicine.com)
Blood-brain barrier uptake of the 40 and 42 amino acid sequences of circulating Alzheimer's amyloid beta in guinea pigs. (alzforum.org)
The hypothesis makes sense given what is known of the relevant biochemistry, but has been strongly challenged by (a) the great difficulty in clearing amyloid-β from the brain, a project that took decades to produce successful therapies, and (b) that successful clearance has failed to produce meaningful patient benefits . (fightaging.org)
The biochemistry of the brain is exceptionally complex, and the failure of amyloid-β clearance to help patients may not in fact imply that the amyloid cascade hypothesis is very wrong. (fightaging.org)
Conclusion: Our results demonstrate a crucial role of CERTL in regulating ceramide levels in the brain, in amyloid plaque formation and neuroinflammation, thereby opening research avenues for therapeutic targets of AD and other neurodegenerative diseases. (eur.nl)
Beta-amyloid plaque buildup in the brain is often an early indicator of AD. (siemens-healthineers.com)
A positive beta-amyloid PET scan is not a definitive diagnosis for AD but rather a diagnostic tool to determine the presence of beta-amyloid plaques in the brain to help increase the clinical certainty of AD diagnosis. (siemens-healthineers.com)
The use of beta-amyloid PET imaging may help enable the quantification of beta-amyloid plaque burden in the brain cortices as well in the blood vessels supplying the brain. (siemens-healthineers.com)
Our syngo .PET Amyloid Plaque proprietary quantification software takes a patient's beta-amyloid PET exam and automatically registers it against a reference model of a beta-amyloid PET brain. (siemens-healthineers.com)
We also show that, following intravenous injection, radiolabeled, putrescine-modified Aβ labels amyloid deposits in vivo in a transgenic mouse model of AD, as well as in vitro in human AD brain sections. (elsevierpure.com)

High amyloid has been associated with substantial episodic memory decline over 18 and 36 months in healthy older adults and individuals with mild cognitive impairment. (monash.edu)
Amyloid negative individuals with mild cognitive impairment did not show any cognitive decline over 36 months. (monash.edu)
When non-demented individuals (i.e. healthy older adults and adults with mild cognitive impairment) were further dichotomized, high amyloid-positive non-demented individuals showed a greater rate of decline in episodic memory and language when compared with low amyloid positive non-demented individuals. (monash.edu)

During the OLE phase, when all participants receive 10 mg/kg biweekly, safety "was consistent with what we saw in the core study" with the rate of amyloid-related imaging abnormalities being "relatively low and manageable," he added. (medscape.com)
Some evidence suggests that these therapies reduce plaque and have promising effects to cognition, however, they have also been associated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-detectable amyloid related imaging abnormalities (ARIA). (asbah.org)
Biograph™ PET/CT and PET/MR systems are capable of performing scans to determine eligibility for treatment with approved amyloid-targeting therapies as well as to evaluate amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA). (siemens-healthineers.com)

Or it could mean that while amyloid-β is a meaningful component of the condition, it is not sufficient to clear it without also repairing the vasculature , or removing senescent cells , or damping down neuroinflammation . (fightaging.org)
These new findings highlight the detrimental consequences of prolonged post-TBI neuroinflammation, which can sustain S100A9-driven amyloid-neurodegenerative cascade as a specific mechanism leading to AD development. (ox.ac.uk)

There is evidence that microglia form a protective barrier around amyloid aggregates to prevent further Aβ accumulation (2). (biologists.com)
Although this copper chelator could possibly interfere with plaque formation, Cuprizone-treated mice showed a substantial increase of amyloid aggregates in regions of strong demyelination. (biologists.com)

The AIT concluded that amyloid imaging could potentially be helpful in the diagnosis of people with cognitive impairment when considered along with other clinical information, and when performed according to standardized protocols by trained staff. (alz.org)
In addition, they emphasized that the decision whether or not to order amyloid imaging should be made only after a comprehensive evaluation by a physician experienced in the assessment and diagnosis of cognitive impairment and dementia, and only if the presence or absence of amyloid would increase certainty in the diagnosis and alter the treatment plan. (alz.org)
Simulation results show that, with the optimization, the effect on slowing cognitive decline is greater for doneneumab than aducanumab for a 10-year treatment regimen, although the effect on amyloid beta clearance is similar for both drugs. (plos.org)

In the future, these and other interventions that thwart production of this most dangerous pool of axonal amyloid beta could be used in concert with early detection (through blood or imaging tests) to stop or slow the progression of AD. (scitechdaily.com)
It seemed to make sense, therefore, that reducing or removing amyloid would mitigate AD progression. (jax.org)
Researchers now think that beta amyloid buildup is only one part of a much larger collection of processes that lead to AD progression. (jax.org)

1) Monoclonal antibodies directed against amyloid that are approved by FDA for the treatment of AD based upon evidence of efficacy from a change in a surrogate endpoint (e.g., amyloid reduction) considered as reasonably likely to predict clinical benefit may be covered in a randomized controlled trial conducted under an investigational new drug (IND) application. (cms.gov)
2) Monoclonal antibodies directed against amyloid that are approved by FDA for the treatment of AD based upon evidence of efficacy from a direct measure of clinical benefit may be covered in CMS approved prospective comparative studies. (cms.gov)

In vivo validations include studies in innovative zebrafish models, which allow life imaging of neuronal cell death, as well as the establishment of microPET amyloid imaging for longitudinal studies in individual animals. (alzheimer-europe.org)
Obtained microbeads allow controlled and sustained secretion of amyloid-β over time and can be used to study the effects of secreted amyloid-β in in vitro and in vivo models. (jove.com)

Further research is needed to understand the appropriate use of florbetapir-PET imaging - or any other imaging technology - in Alzheimer diagnosis. (alz.org)
Because so many unanswered questions remain about Alzheimer diagnosis and treatment, next steps for Alzheimer research are very important. (alz.org)

Evaluation by a dementia expert to assess the need for diagnostic testing, possibly to include amyloid PET if the appropriate use criteria are met. (alz.org)
Donepezil is indicated for the treatment of dementia of the Alzheimer type. (medscape.com)
Rivastigmine PO is indicated for the treatment of mild to moderate dementia of the Alzheimer type. (medscape.com)
The FDA approved the transdermal system for the treatment of mild, moderate, or severe Alzheimer dementia. (medscape.com)

While researchers found that 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and resolvin D1 greatly improved the clearance of amyloid-beta by macrophages in patients in both groups, they discovered subtleties in the effects the two substances had on the expression of inflammatory genes in the two groups. (ucla.edu)
Also, researchers found that rare mutations in any one of three genes involved with beta amyloid production or accumulation leads to early-onset AD in nearly everyone who has them. (jax.org)

Lecanemab is a humanized immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) monoclonal antibody that selectively targets amyloid beta (Aβ) protofibrils. (medscape.com)
According to the study, a 30% life-long decrease in beta-amyloid levels is not associated with detrimental effects on lipid or glucose metabolism, or on any other metabolic factors. (sciencedaily.com)
Although the variant itself is rare, the observed association with decreased plasma beta-amyloid levels is important from the viewpoint of Alzheimer's drug trials. (sciencedaily.com)
The findings from the population cohort in eastern Finland show that a life-long decrease in beta-amyloid levels is not associated with detrimental effects on lipid or glucose metabolism, or on any other metabolically relevant events. (sciencedaily.com)
Furthermore, the findings also provide support for the amyloid cascade hypothesis, a hypothesis which is key in Alzheimer's research and which has recently been heavily questioned due to failed beta-amyloid based drug trials and treatment experiments. (sciencedaily.com)
Results confirm those of actual clinical trials showing a large and sustained effect of both aducanumab and donanemab on amyloid beta clearance. (plos.org)
The team incubated the immune cells overnight with amyloid-beta. (ucla.edu)
They added either an active form of vitamin D3 called 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 or an active form of the omega-3 fatty acid DHA called resolvin D1 to some of the cells to gauge the effect they had on inflammation and amyloid-beta absorption. (ucla.edu)
We may find that we need to carefully balance the supplementation with vitamin D3 and omega-3 fatty acids, depending on each patient in order to help promote efficient clearing of amyloid-beta," Fiala said. (ucla.edu)
Large deposits of amyloid beta are believed to cause neurological destruction that results in AD. (scitechdaily.com)
Conversely, a drug that activated S1R triggered an increase in beta secretase cleavage of palAPP and increased production of amyloid beta in axons. (scitechdaily.com)
To qualify for these treatments, the presence of beta-amyloid plaque must be confirmed through diagnostic testing. (siemens-healthineers.com)
Beta-amyloid PET imaging plays a critical role in the AD care pathway as it is one of the only modalities available to evaluate beta-amyloid plaque burden. (siemens-healthineers.com)
This plaque buildup can be devastating, which is why early detection with a diagnostic tool, such as beta-amyloid PET imaging, is crucial to improving outcomes for patients with AD. (siemens-healthineers.com)
Why did everyone focus for so long on lessening beta amyloid buildup for AD therapy? (jax.org)
The findings raise the possibility that blocking beta amyloid is simply not a viable target for therapy. (jax.org)
The research was conducted in the electronic databases Pubmed , Embase, Scopus and Web of Science , using the following descriptors " amyloid beta" (OR senile plaque OR amyloid plaque ) and " exercise " (OR physical activity OR training ). (bvsalud.org)
[ 1 ] Many classic eponymic diseases were later found to be related to a diverse array of misfolded polypeptides (amyloid) that contain the common beta-pleated sheet architecture. (medscape.com)
beta-amyloid is the main component of neuritic (senile) plaques, which consist of degenerated axonal or dendritic processes, astrocytes, and glial cells around an amyloid core. (msdmanuals.com)

The modern era of amyloidosis classification began in the late 1960s with the development of methods to solubilize amyloid fibrils. (medscape.com)

Results also showed that amyloid reduction as shown both on PET and through the plasma Aβ42/40 ratio corelated with positive clinical outcomes. (medscape.com)
Various descriptive classification systems were proposed based on the organ distribution of amyloid deposits and clinical findings. (medscape.com)

Researchers have devoted a great deal of thought in recent years to amending the amyloid cascade hypothesis in ways that could explain the failure of successful clearance to help patients. (fightaging.org)

In 2020, the Alzheimer's Association, in collaboration with the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (SNMMI), convened a workgroup of experts to review the current data to update the 2013 appropriate use criteria (AUC) for amyloid PET. (alz.org)

Today's open access paper is one example of a modified amyloid cascade hypothesis, an attempt to reconcile what is known into a unified understanding. (fightaging.org)
This interpretation constitutes the Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis 2.0 (ACH2.0). (fightaging.org)
Here we have shown that S100A9-driven amyloid-neuroinflammatory cascade was initiated in TBI and may serve as a mechanistic link between TBI and AD. (ox.ac.uk)

MMSE scores in AD subjects correlated with levels of cortical microglial activation but not with amyloid load. (nih.gov)

Anatomy16

Organisms3

Diseases26

Chemicals and Drugs49

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment18

Psychiatry and Psychology14

Phenomena and Processes21

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Information Science2

Health Care5

Protein42

Precursor2

Disease74

Aggregation6

Neurofibrillary tangles1

Pathology7

Peptide4

Deposition7

Formation of amyloid4

Biomarkers5

Extracellular3

Anti-amyloid7

Oligomers2

Accumulation of amyloid-beta1

Neurons5

Proteins17

Imaging amyloid plaques1

Brain15

Mild cognitive3

Abnormalities3

Neuroinflammation2

Aggregates2

Cognitive3

Progression3

Antibodies2

Vivo2

Diagnosis2

Dementia4

Genes2

Beta19

Fibrils1

Clinical2

Researchers1

Alzheimer's Association1

Cascade3

Cortical1