MacrophagesEpithelial cellsSequestered alveolar boneAlveoliSurfactantSacsPulmonaryMandibleEpitheliumGingivaMembraneRidgesPeriodontal diseaseOsteogenesisTensionLuminalRidgeColloidMucosaMandibularGranularBone LossRespiratoryDistalVitroPosteriorTypeOccursTeethRegenerationCollapseCementumFluidCellsPrimaryLingualNerveFindingsExchangeDiffusionAreaConclusionsDevelopmentRepairCell surfaceContoursTissue
Macrophages9
- In children, the description of developmental changes in immune receptor expression on alveolar macrophages (AM) has been limited by the small number of cells recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). (ersjournals.com)
- It is concluded that laser scanning cytometry is suited to the study of immune receptor expression from small numbers of paediatric alveolar macrophages, when CD68 is used for cell identification. (ersjournals.com)
- Primary alveolar macrophages demonstrated increased cell death when treated with nCeO2, but not amsCeO2, at doses consistent with those used in vivo, while neither particle directly induced TGFbeta release from these cells. (cdc.gov)
- Scholars@Duke publication: Receptor-mediated endocytosis of carcinoembryonic antigen by rat alveolar macrophages in vitro. (duke.edu)
- The modified glycoproteins inhibited endocytosis by the alveolar macrophages, thus excluding nonreducing terminal carbohydrate residues as the recognition site of the receptor. (duke.edu)
- Rat alveolar macrophages bound CEA with similar specificity to that of rat Kupffer cells. (duke.edu)
- Alveolar macrophages, unlike Kupffer cells, did not rapidly exocytose the internalized CEA. (duke.edu)
- Treatment of human alveolar macrophages (AMs) with the synthetic GC dexamethasone (Dex) did not alter the expression of TLRs −1, −4, and −6. (frontiersin.org)
- Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are the tissue-resident macrophages in the lung alveolar space. (frontiersin.org)
Epithelial cells4
- ACE2 is a membrane-anchored protein expressed on the surface of type II alveolar cells and epithelial cells of the lung. (nature.com)
- Pulmonary surfactant, also known as lung surfactant, is a detergent-like, lipid-protein mixture synthesized by alveolar type II epithelial cells. (biophysics.org)
- Groups A and B intervened with BA showed significant higher level of TBA in both maternal and fetal serum, more mortality rate of fetal rats, more concentration of SP-A in fetal serum, and wider alveolus mesenchyme of fetal rats than the control Group C. Higher level of BA associated with increased fetal risk and lower numerical density of mitochondria in type II alveolar epithelial cells. (hindawi.com)
- Alveolar type II (ATII) epithelial cells synthesize, secrete and recycle all components of surfactant and dysfunction in surfactant metabolism can result in a variety of pediatric lung diseases including respiratory distress syndrome and interstitial lung disease 3 . (nature.com)
Sequestered alveolar bone1
- Molar fragment forceps and dental picks are helpful when dental fragments (e.g. a fractured off root) and sequestered alveolar bone need to be loosened and removed. (dvm360.com)
Alveoli8
- As that air is bought into the lungs it flows through structures of increasingly small dimensions, maximizing the surface area available, until reaching the alveoli, the cellular structures responsible for gas exchange. (ku.edu)
- Alveoli are bunched together into clusters to form alveolar sacs. (mountsinai.org)
- Emphysema destroys the alveoli and the alveolar ducts. (msdmanuals.com)
- As your lungs lose elasticity, the alveoli rupture, creating large airspaces that reduce the surface area needed by your body to absorb oxygen and remove carbon dioxide waste. (msdmanuals.com)
- The septum between alveoli forms a slight bulge in the cell surface. (cellimagelibrary.org)
- In COPD, it is known that alveolar type 2 cells, which help regenerate the exterior surfaces of alveoli, become abnormal. (thedp.com)
- A complex architecture of branching airways evenly distributes air to 300,000,000 thin-walled alveoli with a surface area the size of a tennis court. (harvardmagazine.com)
- Found in the lungs, the pulmonary alveoli are the terminal ends of the respiratory tree, which outcrop from either alveolar sacs or alveolar ducts, which are both sites of gas exchange with the blood as well. (vanishingpoint.biz)
Surfactant7
- Lung surfactant in a cystic fibrosis animal model: increased alveolar phospholipid pool size without altered composition and surface tension function in cftrm1HGU/m1HGU mice. (bmj.com)
- Equilibrium and minimal surface tension of surfactant was assessed by the pulsating bubble surfactometer technique. (bmj.com)
- CONCLUSION: In cftrm1HGU/m1HGU mice surfactant homeostasis is perturbed by an increased phospholipid pool in the alveolar compartment. (bmj.com)
- At the cellular level a monolayer of lung surfactant, a lipid-protein mixture, coats the alveolar surface and minimizes the work required to inhale. (ku.edu)
- The major biophysical function of this lung surfactant film is to reduce the alveolar surface tension to near-zero value. (biophysics.org)
- Surfactant protein A (SP-A) is a main inhibitor of sPLA2 and serves as an integral component of alveolar surfactant consisting of 85~90% phosphatides, 5~10% protein, and 5% sugar [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Surfactant is produced by alveolar type II cells which can be differentiated in vitro from patient specific induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived lung organoids. (nature.com)
Sacs1
- the alveolar sacs. (cdc.gov)
Pulmonary7
- Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare disease characterized by the accumulation of granular eosinophilic material within alveolar spaces. (medscape.com)
- [ 1 ] PAP has also been referred to as pulmonary alveolar phospholipoproteinosis or alveolar lipoproteinosis, reflecting the abundance of lipids within the granular exudate. (medscape.com)
- Animal and human studies indicate that more than one pathway exists for the different forms of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP). (medscape.com)
- Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is classified into two main categories: congenital (neonatal) and acquired. (medscape.com)
- These pools have been located within the basal layer of the upper airways, within or near pulmonary neuroendocrine cell rests, at the bronchoalveolar junction as well as within the alveolar epithelial surface. (nih.gov)
- For example, in a patient with pulmonary edema, the accumulated fluid activates neural fibers in the alveolar interstitium and reflexively causes dyspnea. (aafp.org)
- SP-A is covered on the alveolus surface to decrease the surface tension, thus prevent alveolus collapse, and stabilize pulmonary alveolar pressure [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
Mandible4
- The inferior alveolar nerve enters the mandibular foramen in the ramus of the mandible (see the image below) to occupy the inferior alveolar canal in the body of the mandible. (medscape.com)
- Each tooth has roots in the alveolar bone of the maxilla or mandible with a visible crown that emerges from the gingiva. (bpac.org.nz)
- Using a 3D surface model for the mandible, four plate designs were created and evaluated for their properties to stabilize a defined 30 mm critical-size bone defect. (frontiersin.org)
- The mandible and maxilla support the alveolar ridges and house the teeth. (msdmanuals.com)
Epithelium3
- In addition to its role in the formation of epithelium and vasculature, type IV collagen appears to be key for alveolar myofibroblast development by inducing their proliferation, differentiation and migration throughout the developing septum. (biomedcentral.com)
- The essential features of the alveolar epithelium as a surface over which gas exchange takes place. (aqa.org.uk)
- One consequence of evolving such a large surface area is that the lung epithelium is continuously exposed to toxins, irritants, and pathogens. (mendeley.com)
Gingiva3
- The lingual nerve supplies the anterior two thirds of the tongue and the lingual surface of the mandibular gingiva. (medscape.com)
- Abnormalities to look for include swelling, redness, bleeding or recession of the gingiva, change in tooth position, premature tooth mobility or tooth loss and heavy plaque or calculus deposits, which are often seen on the outer surface of the incisors and the inner surface of the molars. (bpac.org.nz)
- The periodontium consists of the tissues that support the teeth-the gingiva, epithelial attachment, connective tissue attachment, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. (msdmanuals.com)
Membrane4
- Our study showed that type IV collagen and, therefore the basement membrane, play fundamental roles in coordinating alveolar morphogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
- Euplotes has a plasma membrane which covers a very flat and electron opaque alveolar sac. (cellimagelibrary.org)
- The alveolar sac membrane appears less opaque than the alveolar content. (cellimagelibrary.org)
- The alveolar membrane is the gas-exchange surface. (vanishingpoint.biz)
Ridges1
- The alveolar ridges are trabecular bone containing sockets for the teeth. (msdmanuals.com)
Periodontal disease4
- A Guide to Good Occlusal Practice: Occlusal Considerations in Periodontics Davies, Stephen 2022-06-04 00:00:00 [Periodontal disease does not directly affect the occluding surfaces of teeth, consequently some may find a section on periodontics a surprising inclusion. (deepdyve.com)
- Periodontal disease does not directly affect the occluding surfaces of teeth, consequently some may find a section on periodontics a surprising inclusion. (deepdyve.com)
- BACKGROUND: While cigarette smoking is recognized as being detrimental to oral health, the effects of cigar and pipe smoking on tooth-loss risk, alveolar bone loss and periodontal disease are not known. (who.int)
- Periapical radiograph can be considered the best radiographic method to evaluate the alveolar bone loss level and, consequently, to help the diagnosis of the periodontal disease. (bvsalud.org)
Osteogenesis3
- Modified alveolar ridge preservation to promote the osteogenesis of the distal surface of second molar after mandibular impacted third molar extraction: a preliminary study. (bvsalud.org)
- The objective of the retrospective study was to explore whether the use of a modified alveolar ridge preservation technique impacts osteogenesis on the distal surface of the second molar after mandibular third molar (M3) extraction. (bvsalud.org)
- The proper concentration of NAC enhances DFSC properties, especially osteogenesis, via PI3K/AKT/ROS signaling, and offers clinical potential for stem cell-based alveolar bone regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
Tension2
- The increase in phospholipids in BAL fluid of cftrm1HGU/m1HGU mice resulted from an increased fraction of large aggregates which exhibited normal surface tension function. (bmj.com)
- Among these are spreading rapidly during inhalation, minimizing the surface tension but resisting monolayer collapse during exhalation, and acting as a barrier to the outside world. (ku.edu)
Luminal1
- Ultrastructurally, the denuded epithelial basal lamina in these areas showed deep infoldings into the interstitium, and the luminal surfaces of the resultant clefts often were re-epithelialized. (nih.gov)
Ridge2
- A total of 54 patients were enrolled in this study and divided into three different groups, including modified alveolar ridge preservation (MARP) group, traditional tooth extraction (TRA) group, and classical guided bone regeneration (GBR) group. (bvsalud.org)
- Consequently, atrophy of the alveolar ridge begins when teeth are absent. (msdmanuals.com)
Colloid3
- He also identified the disease formerly known as alveolar colloid of the liver to be an infection with the larval stage of an Echinococcus sp. (cdc.gov)
- He was the first to conclude and publish that the enigmatic emerging disease called alveolar colloid was caused by the larval stage of a previously unknown member of the genus Echinococcus and was thus not a form of cancer, as was generally believed. (cdc.gov)
- Previous to Virchow's report, Frans Buhl had described the first 2 cases of a strange new condition of the liver, which he called alveolar colloid, in 1852 and 1854, respectively ( 4 , 5 ). (cdc.gov)
Mucosa3
- ERMS often occurs in hollow organs that are lined with mucosa (moist tissue), such as the nasal passages, the vagina and the bladder, and can appear as a grape-like mass on the surface. (childrensoncologygroup.org)
- Nonkeratinized mucosa occurs over alveolar bone farther from the teeth, inside the lips and cheeks, on the sides and undersurface of the tongue, on the soft palate, and covering the floor of the mouth. (msdmanuals.com)
- The buccal mucosa, including the vestibule and nonkeratinized alveolar mucosa, is usually smooth and moist. (msdmanuals.com)
Mandibular3
- The periodontal conditions of the ipsilateral mandibular second molar (M2) and the height of its distal alveolar bone were measured during the postoperative follow-up. (bvsalud.org)
- The inferior alveolar nerve is the larger branch of the posterior division of the mandibular nerve. (medscape.com)
- Cervical botulinum toxin injection: When given with an inferior alveolar mandibular type nerve block, this has resulted in severe dysphagia. (medscape.com)
Granular1
- e (I) marcação fraca granular, focal, intra-alveolar. (usp.br)
Bone Loss6
- The authors conducted this study to determine whether cigar and pipe smokers were at greater risk of experiencing tooth loss and alveolar bone loss than were nonsmokers. (who.int)
- Alveolar bone loss was assessed at each examination on intraoral periapical radiographs using the Schei ruler method, which measures loss of bone height in 20 percent increments. (who.int)
- Multivariate analyses of tooth-loss rates and alveolar bone loss controlled for demographic and oral hygiene measures. (who.int)
- Cigar smokers also were at increased risk of experiencing alveolar bone loss. (who.int)
- To quantify and compare the level of alveolar bone loss on panoramic and periapical radiographs of five (5) patients presenting periodontitis. (bvsalud.org)
- When the mean values of the alveolar bone loss were compared between panoramic and periapical radiograph, it was verified that the panoramic radiograph measurements were 0.93 mm higher than periapical radiograph values. (bvsalud.org)
Respiratory3
- For instance, a condition known as neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) occurs in infants born prematurely, because in these babies the alveolar cells have not yet formed or secreted enough LS. (ku.edu)
- We observed a positive correlation between GH level at diagnosis and DLCO value, showing that acromegalic patients have an increase in static and dynamic respiratory volumes and alveolar-capillary exchange surface compared to the general population. (scirp.org)
- Distal lung tissue is severely damaged in many lung diseases, causing respiratory insufficiency from loss of surface area available for gas exchange. (lu.se)
Distal2
- On the panoramic and periapical radiographs of five patients, the measurements from the cement-enamel junction (CEJ) to the alveolar bone crest (ABC), at the mesial and distal surfaces of the upper and lower incisors, lower first premolars and first molars, were performed. (bvsalud.org)
- It was not found significant statistically differences between the measurements at the mesial and distal surfaces. (bvsalud.org)
Vitro1
- The PM serves as the scaffold on which alveolar cells and endothelial cells can be grown to create the in vitro model and can withstand the stretching associated with simulated breathing. (ku.edu)
Posterior3
- The posterior superior alveolar nerves (also posterior superior dental nerves, or posterior superior alveolar branches[citation needed]) are sensory branches of the maxillary nerve (CN V2). (wikipedia.org)
- citation needed] When giving a posterior superior alveolar nerve block, it will anesthetize the mesialbuccal root of the maxillary/upper first molar tooth approximately 72% of the time. (wikipedia.org)
- The posterior trunk then almost immediately divides into the lingual nerve and the inferior alveolar nerve. (medscape.com)
Type2
- The inferior alveolar nerve block is the most common type of nerve block used for dental procedures. (medscape.com)
- Current BPD research focuses on myofibroblasts, alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells and the endothelium, but seems to leave out the "elephant in the room", the alveolar type 1 (AT1) cell, which constitutes nearly all the alveolar surface and associates intimately with the microvasculature. (mdanderson.org)
Occurs2
- Gas exchange occurs on the surface of each alveolus by a network of capillaries carrying blood that has come through veins from other parts of the body. (mountsinai.org)
- In this review, we describe the major mechanisms of damage, regeneration, and repair within the alveolar niche where gas exchange occurs. (mendeley.com)
Teeth5
- Permanent teeth develop behind the primary teeth in the alveolar bone. (bpac.org.nz)
- In order to extract the pixels of teeth from 3D Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) image, in this paper, a novel 3D segmentation approach based on deformable surface mode is developed for 3D tooth model reconstruction. (hindawi.com)
- However, in most of tooth CBCT images, the tooth regions are those where some teeth touch other teeth and some are located inside of alveolar bone with similar or same intensity profile. (hindawi.com)
- These examinations included the number of teeth remaining, number of decayed and filled surfaces per tooth, and indicator scores for plaque, calculus, pocket probing depth, gingival bleeding and tooth mobility. (who.int)
- The tongue directs food between the grinding surfaces and helps clean the teeth. (msdmanuals.com)
Regeneration3
- Dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs) show mesenchymal stem cell properties with the potential for alveolar bone regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
- This study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of N -acetylcysteine (NAC), a promising antioxidant, on the properties of DFSCs and DFSC-based alveolar bone regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
- Rat maxillary first molar extraction models were constructed, histological and radiological examinations were performed at day 7 post-surgery to investigate alveolar bone regeneration in tooth extraction sockets after local transplantation of NAC, rat DFSCs (rDFSCs) or NAC-treated rDFSCs. (biomedcentral.com)
Collapse2
- We report ultrastructural evidence of epithelial necrosis and alveolar collapse in a patient with usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP). (nih.gov)
- These findings suggest that the fibroblastic foci commonly seen in UIP represent sites of acute lung injury, and that alveolar collapse following epithelial necrosis is an important mechanism of lung remodeling. (nih.gov)
Cementum2
- Cementum is structurally similar to bone and covers the root surface. (bpac.org.nz)
- If cementum is lost the tooth root may become fused to or resorbed by the alveolar bone. (bpac.org.nz)
Fluid2
- Due to its wetting properties, saline achieves an improved spreading of alveolar lining fluid and has been shown to reduce bio-aerosols and viral load. (springer.com)
- Most cells are too far away from exchange surfaces, and from each other, for simple diffusion alone to maintain the composition of tissue fluid within a suitable metabolic range. (aqa.org.uk)
Cells7
- Uptake of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) by isolated rat alveolar cells was time, temperature, and concentration dependent (Kuptake = 2.4 x 10(-7) M). Pretreatment of the alveolar cells with colchicine inhibited internalization of CEA. (duke.edu)
- Uptake of 125I-labeled CEA by alveolar cells required divalent cations and was inhibited by cold CEA and nonspecific cross-reacting antigen (NCA). (duke.edu)
- Students could be given the dimensions of cells with different shapes from which to calculate the surface area to volume ratios of these cells. (aqa.org.uk)
- We have identified a key transcriptional regulator of this process, without which AT1 cells lose their molecular and cellular characteristics and the lung undergoes alveolar simplification as in BPD. (mdanderson.org)
- We have found that AT1 cells, instead of AT2 cells, are the unexpected source of a key angiogenic factor VEGFA and AT1 cell-derived VEGFA is required for alveolar angiogenesis. (mdanderson.org)
- Given our demonstration of the unexpected angiogenic role of AT1 cells and their extensive surface area, we hypothesize that AT1 cells have other novel signaling roles. (mdanderson.org)
- This paper scratches the surface and identifies a few signaling pathways that appear to regulate [RAS cells]. (thedp.com)
Primary1
- As the permanent tooth grows towards the surface, it resorbs the root of the primary tooth, causing it to loosen and fall out. (bpac.org.nz)
Lingual1
- In this study, MARP was designed with the highlights of the preservation of the alveolar bone superior and lingual to M3. (bvsalud.org)
Nerve5
- citation needed] Alveolar nerve (Dental nerve) Superior alveolar nerve (Superior dental nerve) Anterior superior alveolar nerve (Anterior superior dental nerve) Middle superior alveolar nerve (Middle superior dental nerve) Inferior alveolar nerve (Inferior dental nerve) Left maxilla. (wikipedia.org)
- Knowledge of mouth and inferior alveolar nerve anatomy is required to perform the procedure. (medscape.com)
- When the inferior alveolar nerve approaches the apex of the second bicuspid, it divides into two terminal branches, the mental and the incisive. (medscape.com)
- Understanding the underlying anatomy of the pterygomandibular space helps increase the effectiveness of inferior alveolar nerve blocks. (medscape.com)
- Various types and quantities of local anesthetic agents have been suggested for an inferior alveolar nerve block. (medscape.com)
Findings1
- These findings open the door to a mechanistic understanding of alveolar angiogenesis, which is proposed to occur through intussusceptive angiogenesis, but is poorly understood on the molecular and cellular level. (mdanderson.org)
Exchange4
- The exchange of substances between the internal and external environments takes place at exchange surfaces. (aqa.org.uk)
- In large organisms, exchange surfaces are associated with mass transport systems that carry substances between the exchange surfaces and the rest of the body and between parts of the body. (aqa.org.uk)
- We also observed a positive correlation between baseline serum IGF-1 level and DLCO/VA and between years of disease and DLCO/VA, showing the association of increased lung volume and increase of the exchange surface. (scirp.org)
- The results of this study add new information on lung volume and alveolar gas exchange in acromegaly. (scirp.org)
Diffusion3
- Students could use agar blocks containing indicator to determine the effect of surface area to volume ratio and concentration gradient on the diffusion of an acid or alkali. (aqa.org.uk)
- The permeance of CO 2 decreased as pressure increased with a constant pressure drop, and this behavior is consistent with the surface diffusion mechanism. (mrs.org)
- Carbon dioxide rich blood is pumped from the rest of the body into the alveolar blood vessels where, through diffusion, it releases its carbon dioxide and absorbs oxygen. (vanishingpoint.biz)
Area3
- The relationship between the size of an organism or structure and its surface area to volume ratio. (aqa.org.uk)
- Students should be able to appreciate the relationship between surface area to volume ratio and metabolic rate. (aqa.org.uk)
- The lung has an enormous surface area, "the size of a tennis court," Brain says. (harvardmagazine.com)
Conclusions1
- In 1855, the society's scientific journal Verhandlungen der Physicalisch-Medicinischen Gesellschaft (Proceedings of the Physico-Medical Society) published his observations and conclusions about a disease that we know today as alveolar echinococcosis. (cdc.gov)
Development1
- Lung development is a complicated process that involves the specialization of multiple bronchiolar and alveolar epithelial populations. (nature.com)
Repair2
Cell surface1
- To obtain immune receptor data from the cell surface and cytoplasm after nuclear capture, a "contour" is generated at a fixed distance from the nuclear perimeter. (ersjournals.com)
Contours1
- Deformable models, which include the popular deformable contours, or snakes, and deformable surfaces, are a powerful segmentation technique designed to meet the task of medical image segmentation and have proved to be successful in boundary integration and feature extraction [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)