• It is combined with oxygen and incrementally increasing doses of a more potent inhalational anesthetic (eg, sevoflurane) and delivered via mask inhalation. (medscape.com)
  • The order of the inhalation of desflurane or sevoflurane was randomized. (bvsalud.org)
  • Desflurane or sevoflurane was administered at 1.0 minimum alveolar concentration and remifentanil was infused at 0.4 µg/kg/min. (bvsalud.org)
  • Halothane and sevoflurane were administered in concentrations ranging from 0.18 to 1.45 and 0.1 to 2 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC), respectively (rat values). (ox.ac.uk)
  • These highlights do not include all the information needed to use DESFLURANE, LIQUID FOR INHALATION safely and effectively. (nih.gov)
  • See full prescribing information for DESFLURANE, LIQUID FOR INHALATION. (nih.gov)
  • Desflurane, USP, Liquid for Inhalation should not be used as the sole agent for anesthetic induction in patients with coronary artery disease or where increases in heart rate or blood pressure are undesirable. (nih.gov)
  • For pharmacodynamics of inhaled anesthetics , the pulmonary effects of inhalation agents are many and important as this is the portal of entry. (anesthesiageneral.com)
  • The laryngeal and pulmonary irritant receptors and pulmonary stretch receptors are affected by inhalation agents. (anesthesiageneral.com)
  • Normally pulmonary surfactant reduces the work of breathing by reducing the alveo lar surface tension Volatile anaesthetics produce progressive yet reversible reductions in phosphatidyicholine the main lipid component of surfactant and also affect type II alveolar cell function. (anesthesiageneral.com)
  • We present a 6-year-old female patient with successful anesthetic management of pediatric living donor LT with HPS and pulmonary arteriovenous fistula (AVF) due to biliary atresia. (transpopmed.org)
  • Herein, we present the successful anesthetic management of a pediatric living donor LT for biliary atresia with a pulmonary AVF and HPS in the light literature. (transpopmed.org)
  • When water-soluble gases such as anesthetic agent N2O (nitrous oxide) are breathed in large quantities they can be dissolved in body fluids rapidly. (wikipedia.org)
  • One-lung ventilation did not change minimal alveolar concentration and gases should not accelerate decrease in mean DR power. (nel.edu)
  • Modern inhalation agents are easier to titrate to the patient's blood pressure, pulse, minute ventilation, and movements. (mhmedical.com)
  • It offers a continuous non-invasive way to estimate the partial pressure of CO 2 in arterial blood (PaCO 2 ) which is directly determined by alveolar ventilation. (vin.com)
  • Atelectasis, bronchial intubation or lung pathologies will result in lack of alveolar ventilation although alveoli are perfused. (vetbloom.com)
  • Poor perfusion (or increased alveolar dead space ventilation) is one common reason for this. (vetbloom.com)
  • Altogether, synchronized respiratory muscle contraction generates a breath which ultimately drives alveolar ventilation and blood gas regulation ( Figure 2.1 ) [7] . (veteriankey.com)
  • The distribution of alveolar volume and ventilation also affects the measurement. (msdmanuals.com)
  • decrease both DLCO and alveolar ventilation (V A ). Reduced DLCO also occurs in patients with previous lung resection because total lung volume is smaller, but DLCO corrects to or even exceeds normal when adjusted for V A because increased additional vascular surface area is recruited in the remaining lung. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Procedure in which an anesthetic is injected into the epidural space. (lookformedical.com)
  • Regional block resulting from an injection of a large volume of local anesthetic into the epidural space . (wikidoc.org)
  • A sufficiently large decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen leads to hypoxia, especially if the patient hypoventilates (which allows more time for evolving nitrous to dilute alveolar oxygen each breath. (wikipedia.org)
  • There is a depression of ventilatory responses to hypercarbia and hypoxia by all inhalation agents due to depression of central and peripheral chemoreceptor function in a dose-dependent manner. (anesthesiageneral.com)
  • Various advantages of inhalation route over intravenous route are primarily driving the market growth. (grandviewresearch.com)
  • THE ED 50 and LD 50 of intravenous isoflurane lipid emulsion (ILE) in mice, 1 the anesthetic and physiologic effects of intravenous halothane lipid emulsion in swine, 2 and the hemodynamics effects of intravenous infusion of halothane lipid emulsion in dogs 3 have been studied. (asahq.org)
  • However, the dog's minimum alveolar concentration (MAC iv ) with intravenous infusion of ILE (8%, vol/vol) has not been investigated. (asahq.org)
  • Two way repeated measures ANOVA showed no interaction between volatile anesthetics and remifentanil infusion except for MBF. (bvsalud.org)
  • Finger prick blood samples were taken before and after exposure, and alveolar breath samples were collected every hour, during and after exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • Selected chemical and physical properties, toxicokinetic and mechanistic data, and inhalation exposure levels from the National Research Council (NRC) and other agencies are also presented. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Following inhalation exposure, absorption of chloroform appears to be rapid and extensive. (cdc.gov)
  • 44 shortly after inhalation exposure (Danielsson et al. (cdc.gov)
  • Following oral exposure in animal studies, distribution of chloroform appears to be similar to following inhalation exposure, with the primary concentrations in lipophilic tissues (Brown et al. (cdc.gov)
  • May cause sensitivity hepatitis in patients sensitized by previous exposure to halogenated anesthetics. (nih.gov)
  • 2006). New studies have attempted cancer risk assessments based on exposure assessments via oral and dermal/inhalation routes (Liao et al. (who.int)
  • On the basis of pharmacokinetic results obtained in rats and mice exposed to chloroform by inhalation, and of enzymatic studies in human tissues in vitro , in vivo metabolic rate constants (VmaxC = 15.7 mg/hour/kg, Km = 0.448 mg/L) were defined for humans (Corley et al. (cdc.gov)
  • It is well known that ethyl ether, chloroform, and trichloroethylene are used as inhalational anesthetics because of this property. (keio.ac.jp)
  • This study was designed to determine the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) and the time course of washout of isoflurane for intravenously infused ILE by monitoring end-tidal isoflurane concentration. (asahq.org)
  • The onset is seen in a few seconds, with a peak plasma concentration 15-30 minutes after inhalation. (medscape.com)
  • Other endpoints met during most general anesthetics include muscle relaxation, immobility, and attenuation of sympathetic and somatic reflexes. (mhmedical.com)
  • The diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) is a measure of the ability of gas to transfer from the alveoli across the alveolar epithelium and the capillary endothelium to the red blood cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Nitrous oxide is administered by inhalation, absorbed by diffusion through the lungs, and eliminated via respiration. (medscape.com)
  • In pharmacodynamics of inhaled anesthetics , the central respiratory control mechanisms are initiated by chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors in the upper airways, lungs and chest wall with signal transmitted by the vagus and spinal nerves. (anesthesiageneral.com)
  • they easily cross both alveolar membranes in the lungs and the blood-brain barrier to reach high concentrations in the brain. (medscape.com)
  • This case report describes the use of the Air-Q size 1 laryngeal airway (LA) to assist fiberoptic intubation in an ASA 4 neonate with cardiac disease, an anticipated difficult airway with the addition of an unstable cervical spine, as well as the anesthetic techniques used to maintain hemodynamic stability while the airway was secured. (stanford.edu)
  • Pressure, flow, and volume were measured at the airway opening and used to calculate lung compliance (C(L)) and resistance (R(L)). Resistance was partitioned into airway (Raw) and parenchymal (Vti) components using alveolar pressure. (silverchair.com)
  • Inhalation of ammonia may cause nasopharyngeal and tracheal burns, bronchiolar and alveolar edema, and airway destruction resulting in respiratory distress or failure. (cdc.gov)
  • Nitrous oxide is a weak inhalational anesthetic. (medscape.com)
  • As a general anesthetic, it is very weak and is generally not used as a single agent. (medscape.com)
  • Dr. Long was an American surgeon recognized for introducing the use of inhaled ether as a general anesthetic. (theanesthesiaconsultant.com)
  • Comment: Both Dr. Long and Morton deserve recognition for the discovery and eventual application of ether as a general anesthetic drug. (theanesthesiaconsultant.com)
  • Adequate respiratory function and support are critical for safe anesthetic management, especially if inhalants are used. (veteriankey.com)
  • Administration of an anesthetic agent through the respiratory tract allows controllable and effective sedation, which is cost-effective and safe. (grandviewresearch.com)
  • A blocking of nerve conduction to a specific area by an injection of an anesthetic agent. (lookformedical.com)
  • of complete replacement of halothane have been ongoing over the years to Consequently, under supervision of with other inhalation agents such as find the most suitable anaesthetic agent. (who.int)
  • Ultrasound guidance, compared with anatomical landmark and paresthesia techniques, can provide direct visualization of the target nerve, surrounding tissue, and injectate spread, and may lead to improvement in patient safety for decreased nerve injury or other serious complications including local anesthetic systemic toxicity and pneumothorax [ 5 , 7 , 8 - 11 ]. (anesth-pain-med.org)
  • Procedure in which an anesthetic is injected directly into the spinal cord. (lookformedical.com)
  • Injection of an anesthetic into the nerves to inhibit nerve transmission in a specific part of the body. (lookformedical.com)
  • After extraction of the maxillary right incisor, the animals of the test groups were subjected to alveolar guided bone regeneration (GBR) surgery and received an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE) and a latex membrane, respectively. (bvsalud.org)
  • Alveolar bone resorption after tooth extraction results in a significant reduction in bone height. (bvsalud.org)
  • The connective tissue can have great influence on osteogenesis during alveolar healing and results in narrowing of the alveolus after approximately one month of extraction, due to local bone resorption. (bvsalud.org)
  • A brief overview of relevant ventilatory concepts and strategies, respiratory physiology, sedative/anesthetic agents, and specific case management is presented in the following text. (veteriankey.com)
  • Technical skills, such as needle manipulation during ISB using a nerve stimulator, as well as anatomical landmarks and the types of local anesthetic drug used for ISB, are important neurological risk factors [ 1 ]. (anesth-pain-med.org)
  • For determining the pharmacodynamics of inhaled anesthetics we observe that Inhalation agents reduce the FRC subsequent to their action on inspiratory and expiratory muscles due to their effect on motor neurons. (anesthesiageneral.com)
  • L'halothane pouvant entraîner l'apparition d'une hépatite, et bien qu'il s'agisse d'une complication rare, il a été remplacé par d'autres agents anesthésiques par inhalation dans les pays occidentaux. (who.int)