Alphavirus species. Medical search. Frequent questions

Alphavirus is a genus of RNA viruses, the sole genus in the Togaviridae family. (wikipedia.org)
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus is a member of the genus Alphavirus of the family Togaviridae. (medscape.com)
History Venezuelan equine encephalitis pathogen (VEEV) is one of the Alphavirus genus inside the Togaviridae family members and was initially isolated from horses in the long run from the 1930s [1,2]. (biodiversityhotspot.org)
Alphaviruses are a fascinating and diverse group of viruses that belong to the Togaviridae family. (kreetankhabar.com)
New World alphaviruses are primarily transmitted by mosquitoes of the Aedes genus, while Old World Togaviridae are transmitted by mosquitoes of the Culex and Aedes genera. (kreetankhabar.com)
Different Togaviridae are associated with specific mosquito species. (kreetankhabar.com)
1 (1), 100%] the genus Alphavirus (Togaviridae). (who.int)
CHIKV, like MAYV, is an enveloped RNA alphavirus in the Togaviridae family. (fapesp.br)
CHIKV is a small (60 - 70 nm) spherical enveloped virus with single- stranded positive sense RNA molecule and belongs to the genus Alphavirus, which included more than 30 species of arthropod borne viruses [1], and the family Togaviridae (Figure 1). (actascientific.com)
Diagram shows the RNA viruses/Togaviridae family viruses/Alphaviruses [Modified from 41]. (actascientific.com)
Chikungunya vaccine (CHIKV), an RNA virus in the alphavirus genus of the family Togaviridae. (rauias.com)
To the Editor: The genus Alphavirus (family Togaviridae) comprises 29 viral species (1), grouped in at least 7 antigenic complexes by their serologic cross-reactivity (2). (blogspot.com)

New World alphaviruses, such as chikungunya virus, are primarily transmitted by mosquitoes of the Aedes genus, while Old World alphaviruses like eastern equine encephalitis virus are transmitted by mosquitoes of the Culex and Aedes genera. (kreetankhabar.com)
Both belong to the Semliki complex, a serological group within the alphavirus genus, with sharing of antigenic points that can lead to cross-reaction between these species, making laboratory diagnosis more difficult. (fapesp.br)
However, in this case, the infectious species are Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, infected by an RNA virus of the alphavirus genus. (muysalud.com)
Viral species in this genus have been described only in insects, shellfish and other invertebrates. (fapesp.br)
The arboviruses include a wide variety of RNA virus including the flaviviruses (genus Flavivirus, one of three genera in the family Flaviviridae) and the alphaviruses (genus Alphavirus, one of two genera in the family Togaviridae). (biomedcentral.com)

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an alphavirus, transmitted by Aedes species mosquitoes. (bvsalud.org)
Aedes species mosquitoes. (who.int)
Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) is a viral disease transmitted by mainly two species of mosquitoes - Aedes aegypti and A. albopictus . (actascientific.com)
Transmitted commonly by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus species of mosquitoes. (rauias.com)
Their cognate species, Aedes albopictus , is only slightly less versatile, having an attraction to discarded tires. (cdc.gov)
Persistence of human yellow fever, the inexorable expanse of dengue, and the surprising, explosive spread and severity of first chikungunya virus and now Zika virus bear testament to the threat posed by habituated Aedes species. (cdc.gov)
The chikungunya pandemic that began 10 years ago was fueled in part by a single, nonsynonymous base change that enabled that alphavirus to replicate more efficiently in Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. (cdc.gov)
In 2006, the A226V mutation enabled chikungunya to be transmitted by a new species of mosquito that is prevalent on Reunion Island (Aedes albopictus, or the tiger mosquito). (pasteur.fr)
Aedes albopictus , originally a zoophilic forest specie from Asia, spread to islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. (biomedcentral.com)
The fact that the species of Aedes mosquitoes that transmit the Zika virus are found throughout the world, it is likely that the outbreak from spreading to other countries. (bvsalud.org)
Chikungunya virus is a mosquito-borne alphavirus transmitted by infected mosquitoes, primarily Aedes aegypti and Aedes Albopictus [2]. (cdc.gov)
Most of the bridge species are within the Aedes , Coquillettidia , and Culex genera. (cdc.gov)

Transmission between species and individuals occurs mainly via mosquitoes, making the alphaviruses a member of the collection of arboviruses - or arthropod-borne viruses. (wikipedia.org)
We established a new generic reverse transcription PCR assay for alphaviruses and tested 8860 tropical mosquitoes. (microbiologyresearch.org)
We detected a novel alphavirus, tentatively named Taï Forest alphavirus (TALV), in Culex decens mosquitoes collected in Ivory Coast. (microbiologyresearch.org)
These viruses are primarily transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes, with various species serving as vectors. (kreetankhabar.com)
Alphaviruses rely on mosquitoes for transmission. (kreetankhabar.com)
Alphaviruses are primarily transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes. (kreetankhabar.com)
Chikungunya and its cousins-Mayaro, Ross River, and O'nyong-nyong viruses-belong to a family of alphaviruses that mosquitoes spread and that cause joint pain. (futurity.org)
Chikungunya and dengue viruses cocirculate in Paraguay and surrounding countries, are transmitted by the same species of mosquitoes, and have similar clinical presentations during acute illness. (cdc.gov)

The anti-VEEV scFv phage clones CB-7598 did not show any cross-reactivity with Alphavirus species of the Western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV) and Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) antigenic complex, nor did they react with Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), if they were used as detection reagent. (biodiversityhotspot.org)
In the U.S., the alphavirus we worry most about is chikungunya virus, which can cause debilitating arthritis, but we also do see cases of encephalitis caused by Eastern equine encephalitis virus," said senior author Michael S. Diamond, MD, PhD , the Herbert S. Gasser Professor of Medicine and a professor of molecular microbiology and of pathology & immunology. (innovitaresearch.com)
To find antibodies that would protect against the whole alphavirus group, Diamond and colleagues - including co-first authors Arthur S. Kim, PhD, then a graduate student, and Natasha M. Kafai, an MD/PhD student - screened a set of antibodies produced by two people who had been infected with chikungunya virus. (innovitaresearch.com)
Both dengue fever virus (DFV) and zika virus (ZIKV) are flaviviruses whereas chikungunya virus (CHIKV) belongs to the alphavirus familiae [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Alphaviruses that could infect both vertebrates and arthropods are referred dual-host alphaviruses, while insect-specific alphaviruses such as Eilat virus and Yada yada virus are restricted to their competent arthropod vector. (wikipedia.org)
In comparison to the highly abundant insect-specific flaviviruses, insect-specific alphaviruses seem to be rare. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Intriguingly, most isolates of CHIKV (and other alphaviruses) possess an opal stop codon close to the 3' end of the nsP3 coding sequence and translational readthrough is necessary to produce full-length nsP3 and the nsP4 RNA polymerase. (bvsalud.org)
Antibodies in sera after inoculation with B-region antigens based on individual AV species (eastern or Venezuelan equine encephalitis (EEEV con , VEEV con ), or chikungunya (CHIKV con ) bound only their cognate protein, while those designed against multiple species (Mosaik con and EVC con ) recognized all three serotype specific antigens. (utmb.edu)

Four potential viral zoonoses associated with wildlife have previously been documented in New Zealand: three flaviviruses (Johnston Atoll virus, 16,17 Saumarez Reef virus and an unnamed Hughes group virus 17 ) and one alphavirus (Whataroa virus 18 ). (who.int)
This study offers a further illustration of the power of comparative analyses of viruses that appear very distant, such as bunyaviruses, alphaviruses and flaviviruses, which can result in highly significant findings and reveal shared mechanisms of action ," commented Félix Rey, Head of the Structural Virology Unit (Institut Pasteur/CNRS), where the study was carried out. (pasteur.fr)

Alphaviruses belong to group IV of the Baltimore classification of viruses, with a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome. (wikipedia.org)
The alphaviruses are small, spherical, enveloped viruses with a genome of a single strand of positive-sense RNA. (wikipedia.org)
Most alphaviruses lose the peripheral protein E3, but in Semliki viruses it remains associated with the viral surface. (wikipedia.org)
Alphaviruses are a group of small, enveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses with a positive-sense genome. (kreetankhabar.com)
Alphaviruses - mosquito-borne viruses that can trigger brain infections and arthritis - may have met their match. (innovitaresearch.com)
The other branch of alphaviruses, found in the Americas, includes Eastern, Western and Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses and causes brain infections. (innovitaresearch.com)
In 2018, Diamond, Fremont, and colleagues identified the protein Mxra8, found on the outer surface of cells in the joints, as the molecular handle that chikungunya and related viruses grasp to gain entry into cells of mice, humans, and other species. (futurity.org)
It is difficult to separate clinical presentations of CHIKF from other arthropod-transmitted alphaviruses like Barmah Forest virus, Ross River virus, Semliki Forest virus, O'nyong-nyong, Mayaro, Sindbis and similar viruses. (actascientific.com)
These mosquito species also transmit dengue and zika viruses. (rauias.com)
Two new species of viruses have been identified in blood samples taken from patients in Brazil's northern region who had similar symptoms to those of dengue or Zika, such as high fever, severe headache, rash and red skin spots. (fapesp.br)

A comparative study of marine salmonid alphavirus subtypes 1-6 using an experimental cohabitation challenge model. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Salmonid alphavirus replication in mosquito cells: towards a novel vaccine production system. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Caused by infection with any one of the 6 genotypes of the pathogenic agent Salmonid alphavirus which is an enveloped spherical single stranded RNA virus. (gov.ie)
Farmed Atlantic Salmon and Rainbow Trout are seen to be the main reservoir of Salmonid alphavirus though other species such as Common Dab and Arctic Char are also affected. (gov.ie)

Different alphaviruses are associated with specific mosquito species, making their geographic distribution and transmission patterns diverse. (kreetankhabar.com)
22 Whataroa virus has been detected only in bird populations and two endemic mosquito species ( Culex pervigilans and Culiseta tonnoiri ) to date, around Whataroa township on New Zealand's South Island. (who.int)
These mosquito species bite primarily during the daytime. (rauias.com)
Transmission to people requires another mosquito species to create a "bridge" between infected birds, and uninfected mammals, such as people, or horses. (cdc.gov)

Alphavirus genome amplification was achieved for the CSF specimen collected at admission to the hospital. (blogspot.com)
Since the COVID pandemic, DMT has included a self-amplifying RNA vaccine platform that is based on an Alphavirus RNA genome replicon and a nanostructured lipid carrier for delivery. (nih.gov)

An exception is Eilat virus (EILV), the only described alphavirus with a host range restricted to insects. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Eilat virus, a unique alphavirus with host range restricted to insects by RNA replication. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Using these and other previously published primers, we screened 39 cimicid species (spanning 16 genera and all 6 recognized subfamilies) and 2 species of the sister family Polyctenidae for Wolbachia infections using museum and wild-caught material. (lookformedical.com)

Phylogenetic analyses placed TALV as a sister species to EILV with a basal relationship to the western equine encephalitis virus complex. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The target region is informative enough to allow the precise identification of the most relevant alphaviruses by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. (blogspot.com)
A) Phylogenetic tree obtained by maximum likelihood analysis of sequences corresponding to the alphavirus NSP4 gene. (blogspot.com)

Chimeric alphavirus vaccine candidates for chikungunya. (uchicago.edu)
The antibodies worked for every alphavirus tested, meaning they potentially could form the basis of treatments or serve as a template for a universal vaccine. (innovitaresearch.com)
If we could figure out how to make a vaccine that targets the E1 protein effectively, it would be a cost-effective way to provide broad protection for people in resource-limited places, which is where most alphavirus infections occur," Diamond said. (innovitaresearch.com)

Most alphaviruses are transmitted by arthropods and infect vertebrate hosts. (microbiologyresearch.org)

In this study, we constructed a recombinant Alphavirus Semliki Forest virus (SFV) replicon vector DREP to express EBOV GP and matrix viral protein (VP40). (frontiersin.org)
There are five species of EBOV, including Zaire virus (ZEBOV), Sudan virus (SEBOV), Taï Forest virus (TEBOV), Bundibugyo virus (BEBOV), and Reston virus (REBOV). (frontiersin.org)
The alphaviruses Barmah Forest virus and Ross River virus accounted for 6,036 (77%) of these. (health.gov.au)
Purified virions of Aura virus, a South American alphavirus related to Sindbis virus, were found to contain two RNA species, one of 12 kb and the other of 4.2 kb. (caltech.edu)
Packaging of the Aura virus subgenomic RNA, but not those of other alphaviruses, suggests that Aura virus 26S RNA contains a packaging signal for incorporation into virions. (caltech.edu)
The type species is the SINDBIS VIRUS. (lookformedical.com)
Background Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) belongs to the Alphavirus group. (biodiversityhotspot.org)
Furthermore, these virus species have the capacity to cause human epidemics [6-11]. (biodiversityhotspot.org)
Once a mosquito is infected with an alphavirus, it can transmit the virus horizontally to another host, typically through subsequent blood meals. (kreetankhabar.com)
Many alphaviruses have reservoir hosts, which are typically wild birds or mammals that can maintain and amplify the virus in nature. (kreetankhabar.com)
With increased global travel, infected individuals can introduce alphaviruses to new regions, potentially leading to outbreaks in areas where the virus was previously absent. (kreetankhabar.com)
Further experiments showed that the antibodies worked by blocking developing virus particles from exiting one cell en route to infecting another. (innovitaresearch.com)
Flavivirus antibodies were detected in 13 species, and one Australasian gannet ( Morus serrator ) from one site was positive for antibodies to Ross River virus. (who.int)
21 The Whataroa virus is a mosquito-borne alphavirus that belongs to the Sindbis virus subgroup that has had a known public health impact in several countries. (who.int)
It is defined as the ability of a particular virus to productively infect and replicate in a specific cell type, tissue, or species. (encyclopedia.pub)

Because of the general nature of this ectoparasite, its presence in migratory long dispersal and endangered bird species, and the seropositivity for arboviruses in some of the species studied here, we consider it critical to assess the role of O. bursa and other ectoparasites as vectors and reservoirs of pathogens and as potential deleterious agents in wild bird populations. (cecara.com.ar)
The aim of the project, he added, is to describe the viral diversity found in Brazil and identify species that may be causing diseases in humans unnoticed amid outbreaks of disease caused by arboviruses. (fapesp.br)

Males of all the species in this family have a lanceolate paramere (intromittent organ) which they use to pierce the female's body wall and inseminate directly into her haemocoel, despite the presence of a functional female genital tract. (lookformedical.com)
The viral species that had never been described, both belonging to the family Parvoviridae, were found in only two of the samples. (fapesp.br)

The distribution of alphaviruses is influenced by the presence of suitable mosquito vectors and reservoir hosts. (kreetankhabar.com)
Effective surveillance of mosquito populations, reservoir hosts, and human cases is crucial for early detection and response to alphavirus outbreaks. (kreetankhabar.com)
Understanding the modes of transmission and the role of mosquito vectors, reservoir hosts, and human hosts is essential for controlling and preventing alphavirus infections and their associated diseases. (kreetankhabar.com)
In addition, we have included selected livestock species (i.e. pig, sheep and goat) and unconventional animal species such as reservoir species (i.e. rodents and bats). (nih.gov)

Previous microscopic and molecular studies have identified Wolbachia in several bed bug species (Cimicidae), but little is known about how widespread Wolbachia infections are among the Cimicidae. (lookformedical.com)
This is the point at which alphavirus infections in humans begin. (kreetankhabar.com)
Using mice, they tested each antibody against two alphaviruses that cause arthritis and three that cause brain infections. (innovitaresearch.com)
In a related paper being published in the same issue of Cell, James E. Crowe, MD, of Vanderbilt University Medical Center, also reports that antibodies targeting the E1 protein bind to a wide range of alphaviruses, prevent them from exiting cells and protect animals against both arthritis and brain infections. (innovitaresearch.com)
Crowe started with one that causes brain infections - but arrive at basically the same conclusion: The E1 protein could be the key to universal protection against alphaviruses. (innovitaresearch.com)

Here we present new bird hosts for O. bursa , assess the presence of Alphavirus, Flavivirus and Bunyavirus in mites from three host species, and discuss its potential impact on wild bird populations. (cecara.com.ar)

Alphavirus particles are enveloped, have a 70 nm diameter, tend to be spherical (although slightly pleomorphic), and have a 40 nm isometric nucleocapsid. (wikipedia.org)
Although 26S RNA is present in the cytosol of all cells infected by alphaviruses, this is the first report of incorporation of the subgenomic RNA into alphavirus particles. (caltech.edu)

Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis have identified two antibodies that protect animals from disease caused by alphaviruses. (innovitaresearch.com)
Diamond and colleagues previously identified a group of antibodies that neutralize many members of the arthritis-causing branch of the alphavirus group. (innovitaresearch.com)
They tested the antibodies against a panel of alphaviruses representing both branches of the group. (innovitaresearch.com)
Two antibodies recognized all of the alphaviruses tested. (innovitaresearch.com)
In the first season, testing for antibodies to specific alphaviruses was conducted on samples with sufficient sera ( n = 22). (who.int)

how wide the range of vector species will be. (cdc.gov)
N/A the vector species of ISV are not determined yet. (encyclopedia.pub)

The ABSL3/4 areas of our research facility are suited for work with most rodent species, ferrets, and nonhuman primates (NHPs). (nih.gov)

A species of ALPHAVIRUS causing encephalomyelitis in Equidae and humans. (uchicago.edu)
According to Costa, different species of Chapparvovirus have been described in other mammals but, again, never in humans. (fapesp.br)

2004. 'Arboviral infection in two species of wild jays (Aves: Corvidae): evidence for population impacts. (ufl.edu)
For nine of these species, this is the first record of infection by O. bursa . (cecara.com.ar)

The alphavirus group includes more than 30 species, split into two branches. (innovitaresearch.com)

In this article, we will delve into the intriguing world of alphaviruses, exploring their structure, transmission, associated diseases, and the ongoing efforts to combat them. (kreetankhabar.com)
While the primary mode of transmission is mosquito-borne, some alphaviruses can be transmitted from person to person through contact with infected blood or other bodily fluids. (kreetankhabar.com)
In 2011, Yem- situation, one can only expect that en reported an explosive outbreak the situation will not worsen and the 60 countries and territories have reported transmission so far of chikungunya which was the first disease will not spread further. (who.int)

Some alphaviruses can also be transmitted vertically from an infected female mosquito to her offspring through the mosquito's eggs. (kreetankhabar.com)

Physicochemical Property Consensus (PCP con ) alphavirus (AV) antigens from the B-domain of the E2 envelope protein were designed, synthesized recombinantly and shown to be immunogenic (i.e. sera after inoculation detected the antigen in dotspots and ELISA). (utmb.edu)

In India, 8 species of residential storks are found including Hargila. (iasabhiyan.com)
We found O. bursa infecting five raptor and six passerine wild bird species. (cecara.com.ar)
Approximately 300 species have been described worldwide, with ~150 species found in the temperate regions of North America. (msdvetmanual.com)

The objective of this study was to survey for known and other potential arboviral zoonoses in multiple bird species at four locations in New Zealand. (who.int)

Outbreaks of alphavirus diseases are often localized in areas where these factors converge. (kreetankhabar.com)

Alphaviruses usually do not just have the prospect of transmitting and disease, but they may also be stated in huge quantities and so are moderately easy to disseminate. (biodiversityhotspot.org)
Furthermore, when the disease can be transmitted from an animal to the human species, it is called zoonosis. (muysalud.com)

They are divided into two major complexes: the New World and Old World alphaviruses. (kreetankhabar.com)

Anatomy2

Organisms17

Diseases9

Chemicals and Drugs5

Phenomena and Processes6

Information Science2

Geographicals1

Togaviridae12

Genus5

Aedes12

Mosquitoes8

Chikungunya virus4

Insect-specific alphaviruses2

CHIKV2

Flaviviruses2

Viruses10

Salmonid alphavirus4

Mosquito species4

Genome2

Eilat2

Genera1

Phylogenetic3

Vaccine3

Arthropods1

Virus15

Arboviruses2

Family2

Reservoir4

Infections5

Flavivirus1

Particles2

Antibodies5

Vector2

Rodent species1

Humans2

Infection2

Group1

Transmission3

Female mosquito1

Protein1

Found3

Arboviral1

Diseases1

Disease2

Complexes1