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Clostridium perfringensClostridiumClostridium InfectionsToxins, BiologicalGas GangreneBacterial ToxinsClostridium difficileAntitoxinsEnterotoxemiaEnterotoxinsEnteritisClostridium botulinumHemolysin ProteinsSpores, BacterialType C PhospholipasesFoodborne DiseasesClostridium septicumHemolysisStaphylococcusCalcium-Binding ProteinsClaudin-4Clostridium tetaniEnterocolitis, PseudomembranousBacteriological TechniquesADP Ribose TransferasesFecesClaudin-3Food MicrobiologyCulture MediaSporesClostridium acetobutylicumMolecular Sequence DataBacterial ProteinsBotulinum ToxinsCholera ToxinClostridium thermocellumT-2 ToxinClostridium sordelliiNecrosisDNA, BacterialRabbitsBacteria, AnaerobicStaphylococcus aureusBase SequenceGenes, BacterialThioglycolatesBacterial VaccinesDiarrheaNeuraminidaseAmino Acid SequenceCycloserineAnaerobiosisTetanus ToxinHot TemperaturePlasmidsPhospholipasesClostridium butyricumToxoidsAntibodies, BacterialErythrocytesFood PreservationGene Expression Regulation, BacterialPoultry DiseasesAbomasumFood ContaminationCloning, MolecularSulfadiazineBotulinum Toxins, Type AAgarPolymerase Chain ReactionChickensHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationPeptonesPolymyxinsImmunodiffusionEscherichia coli
EnterotoxinEpsilonStrainsBacteriaBotulinumBacillusGangreneIsolatesRecorded for Clostridium difficileSpeciesInfectionHemolyticDifficile toxinsPathogensClostridialSepticumBeta toxinButyricumSalmonellaBacteriumLethal toxinEnteritisGenusOrganismsPathogenicitySporesDifferent toxinsInfectionsColonizationOrganismStaphylococcusCpb2DiseasesProducesStoolTypeProteinVaccine
Enterotoxin4
  • iota, ia) as well as genes for beta 2 toxin (cpb2) and enterotoxin (cpe) by real time PCR. (tamu.edu)
  • Immunization with recombinant bivalent chimera r-Cpae confers protection against alpha toxin and enterotoxin of Clostridium perfringens type A in murine model. (ucdenver.edu)
  • But it should be noted that there is still safety concern about the exotoxin secretion of some Clostridium species, like alpha-toxin and enterotoxin from Clostridium perfringens ( C. perfringens ), toxin A and toxin B from Clostridium difficile ( C. difficile ) [ 10 , 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • PCR for C. perfringens NetB toxin and enterotoxin genes performed retrospectively on one of the C. perfringens isolates from the second outbreak and on paraffin-embedded tissues from one dead toucan from the first outbreak was negative. (uab.cat)
Epsilon7
  • Clostridium perfringens was identified by culture and real-time multiplex PCR for C. perfringens alpha-, beta-, epsilon- and i-toxin genes in ligated intestine of one toucan from each outbreak. (uab.cat)
  • Mild NE was present in these birds and C. perfringens was demonstrated in liver by bacterial culture and real-time multiplex PCR for C. perfringens alpha-, beta-, epsilon- and i-toxin genes. (uab.cat)
  • Stool specimens were evaluated for the presence of epsilon toxin by rapid test? (jpsionline.com)
  • Strips for detection of Clostridium Perfringens Epsilon Toxin? (jpsionline.com)
  • Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for colonies for the presence of alpha, beta and Epislone toxins and serum samples were examined for the presence of anti- Epsilon toxin using? (jpsionline.com)
  • Clostridium perfringens bacteria have been divided into seven types of strains which are named from A through G. This naming correlates to the production of toxins called major toxins which are named with Greek letters (alpha, beta, epsilon) listed in Table 2. (veterinariadigital.com)
  • In addition to alpha toxin, Type B strains produce beta toxin, types B and D produce the pore forming epsilon toxin and type E strains produce iota toxin. (up.ac.za)
Strains5
  • Strains that do not produce alpha-toxin are less virulent, underscoring its importance. (medscape.com)
  • The role of type A Clostridium perfringens strains was evaluated in this study. (uoguelph.ca)
  • The described strains of Clostridium bacteria can cause a wide range of clinical pictures in domestic animals. (veterinariadigital.com)
  • All types produce the alpha toxin (phospholipase C). Type A strains that cause gas gangrene produce alpha toxin, theta (hemolysin), kappa (collagenase), mu (hyaluronidase), nu (DNAse) and neuraminidase which are all the enzymatic factors aiding the bacterium in invading and destruction of the host tissues. (up.ac.za)
  • Type C strains produce alpha toxin, beta toxin and prefringolysin enteritis. (up.ac.za)
Bacteria18
  • citation needed] The alpha toxin has remarkable similarity to toxins produced by other bacteria as well as natural enzymes. (wikipedia.org)
  • A possible source of the C perfringens might have been a break in the gastric mucosa, causing ulceration and permitting entrance of the bacteria into the bloodstream. (medscape.com)
  • Gram-positive cocci (Staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes, and enterococci), Gram-negative rods (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and anaerobic bacteria), and anaerobes (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and anaerobes) are the most common (Bacteroides and Clostridium Perfringes). (canadahustle.com)
  • Clostridium species, as a predominant cluster of commensal bacteria in our gut, exert lots of salutary effects on our intestinal homeostasis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Species of Clostridium cluster XIVa and IV, as the representatives of the predominant bacteria in gut, account for 10-40% of the total bacteria [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The bacteria of genus Clostridium are rod-shaped, gram-positive and spore-forming anaerobes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • At the outset, the bacteria were classified into genus Clostridium based on the morphological and physiological characteristics above. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The product's potent antibacterial formula was engineered to neutralize bacterial toxins, destabilize bacterial cell membranes and disrupt cell-to-cell communication between pathogenic bacteria, all while also improving intestinal health. (amlan.com)
  • Diarrhea in pigs can be caused by species of Clostridium bacteria which produce toxins that cause enteric lesions. (veterinariadigital.com)
  • What are the characteristics of Clostridium bacteria? (veterinariadigital.com)
  • Bacteria of the genus Clostridium are characterized because they are gram positive, grow in anaerobic media (with low or no oxygen) and are spore-forming. (veterinariadigital.com)
  • Intestinal clostridioses in pigs are caused by bacteria of the species C. perfringens type C and Clostridium difficile . (veterinariadigital.com)
  • These diseases in swine usually have diarrhea as characteristic signs because is generated by the toxins produced by the bacteria. (veterinariadigital.com)
  • Clostridium bacteria multiply rapidly in the digestive system of pigs. (veterinariadigital.com)
  • If we explore the properties of these two toxins, they appear to be designed to produce four of the characteristics of those with gluten problems: inappropriate immune responses, leaky gut, imbalance in the gut bacteria, and compromised digestive capacity. (totalhealthmagazine.com)
  • In its natural state derived from soil bacteria, Bt-toxin has triggered immune responses in mice 4 and in farm workers, 5 and allergic and flu-like symptoms in hundreds of exposed citizens. (totalhealthmagazine.com)
  • Any shift in environment can cause the bacteria in cattle digestive tracts to produce potent toxins. (bi-animalhealth.com)
  • On a broader scale, toxins may be classified as either exotoxins , excreted by an organism, or endotoxins , which are released mainly when bacteria are lysed . (wikipedia.org)
Botulinum1
  • They vary greatly in their toxicity , ranging from usually minor (such as a bee sting ) to potentially fatal even at extremely low doses (such as botulinum toxin ). (wikipedia.org)
Bacillus2
  • This organism, originally known as Bacillus aerogenes capsulatus, was later renamed Bacillus perfringens, and then Clostridium welchii . (medscape.com)
  • Gas gangrene is caused by an anaerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming bacillus of the genus Clostridium . (medscape.com)
Gangrene7
Isolates5
  • Toxinotype of Clostridium perfringens (CP) isolates collected from the Bernam River, Selangor River and Tengi Canal between April 2007 and January 2008 were determined by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using published primers. (um.edu.my)
  • All the 147 isolates were toxinotype Type A, harbouring the alpha toxin gene. (um.edu.my)
  • Subsequently, five C. perfringens isolates per fecal sample were genotyped and the supernatants of each of these isolates were evaluated for toxicity. (uoguelph.ca)
  • All equine C. perfringens isolates showed mild toxicity effects compared to CPB producing C. perfringens positive control. (uoguelph.ca)
  • Known isolates belong to five distinct types (A, B, C, D, and E) that are distinguished based on the specific extracellular toxins they produce. (up.ac.za)
Recorded for Clostridium difficile1
Species16
  • Clostridia are obligate anaerobes, but some species are relatively aerotolerant. (medscape.com)
  • Significant variance exists among clostridial species as to the mechanism of action of the alpha toxin. (medscape.com)
  • Up to now, Clostridium species have been reported to attenuate inflammation and allergic diseases effectively owing to their distinctive biological activities. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In turn, our diets and physical state of body can shape unique pattern of Clostridium species in gut. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In view of their salutary performances, Clostridium species have a huge potential as probiotics. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Given this, this review summarized the researches involved in benefits and potential risks of Clostridium species to our health, in order to develop Clostridium species as novel probiotics for human health and animal production. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It was reported that species of Clostridium clusters XIVa and IV were essential for normalization of germfree mice [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, Clostridium species are potent candidates to alleviate dysfunctions and disorders in intestine. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Meanwhile, the efficiency of Clostridium species must be considered when applied to animal production and diseases treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • So this review summarized the reports about both the benefits and underlying risks from Clostridium species on intestinal immune regulation and disease prevention to elucidate the potentials and challenges of their novel roles as probiotic. (biomedcentral.com)
  • But with the further in-depth studies of Clostridium species, the heterogeneities among them become more and more noteworthy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Clostridium species discussed in this review is based on this new criterion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the intestine of human and animals, Clostridium species, as one of the richest bacterial cluster, are mainly composed of Clostridium cluster IV and XIVa (Fig. 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • cluster XIVa, also known as Clostridium coccoides group, consists of 21 species. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although haemolytic crisis has been reported in humans with C. perfringens type A septicaemia and hepatic abscesses, this presentation appears not to have been described in C. perfringens infections in toucans or other avian species. (uab.cat)
  • C. perfringens have been developed and the species became a model organism in clostridial genetic studies. (up.ac.za)
Infection3
  • Sepsis with severe intravascular hemolysis is a rare but deadly complication of infection with C perfringens . (medscape.com)
  • In broilers challenged with C. perfringens -induced necrotic enteritis in combination with Eimeria maxima infection, NeutraPath improved livability and necrotic enteritis-related lesion scores compared with challenged control birds (Figure 2). (amlan.com)
  • The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between MS and Clostridium perfringens type B infection. (jpsionline.com)
Hemolytic2
  • The toxin also possesses hemolytic activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Quantitative and functional abnormalities of certain RBC membrane proteins (alpha- and beta-spectrin, protein 4.1, F-actin, ankyrin) cause hemolytic anemias. (msdmanuals.com)
Difficile toxins1
Pathogens3
  • Biological agents and pathogens are controlled when they are an isolated live culture of a pathogen agent, or a preparation of a toxin agent which has been isolated or extracted from any source, or material including living material which has been deliberately inoculated or contaminated with the agent. (advocatetanmoy.com)
  • Amlan is tackling the challenge of disease prevention with the development of a natural feed additive that combines multiple feed ingredients that help reduce bacterial pathogens and their toxins. (amlan.com)
  • Known opportunistic toxin-producing pathogens in animals and humans. (up.ac.za)
Clostridial1
  • Available as both a three-way or seven-way clostridial, as well as in a combination of seven-way clostridia and Moraxella bovis (pinkeye). (bi-animalhealth.com)
Septicum1
  • In C septicum , the alpha toxin forms spores and induces necrosis by causing the rapid loss of intracellular potassium and depletion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). (medscape.com)
Beta toxin2
  • Clostridium perfringens beta toxin Awad, M.M. (wikipedia.org)
  • The toxins involved in these enteric pictures of pigs are A, B and C, being Beta toxin the most pathogenic. (veterinariadigital.com)
Butyricum1
Salmonella2
  • Fecal samples from 55 horses (43 adults, 12 foals) with colitis were cultured for Clostridium difficile, Salmonella, and C. perfringens. (uoguelph.ca)
  • In various broiler studies, birds challenged with either Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium or Clostridium perfringens had decreased prevalence and bacterial load of the pathogen in the ceca, cecal tonsils, cecal contents or cloacal swabs compared with the challenged control. (amlan.com)
Bacterium2
  • the bacterium is unable to cause disease without this toxin. (wikipedia.org)
  • One of the genes regulated by PrfA is hyl , which encodes a toxin known as listeriolysin O (LLO), which allows the bacterium to escape vacuoles upon entry into a host cell. (pressbooks.pub)
Lethal toxin1
  • Clostridium perfringens, in particular, produce two lethal toxin production: alpha-toxin and theta-toxin. (canadahustle.com)
Enteritis3
  • In addition, it is important to formulate on a digestible amino acid basis and some have recommended reducing crude protein levels to reduce overload of Clostridium in the lower gut, with an increased change of developing necrotic enteritis. (allaboutfeed.net)
  • Epidemia de enteritis necrótica aguda o crisi hemolítica y enfermedad renal asociada con Clostridium perfringens en tucanes en cautividad (Ramphastos spp. (uab.cat)
  • The data from the broiler studies indicate that NeutraPath can be used to help manage C. perfringens -induced necrotic enteritis in broilers. (amlan.com)
Genus1
Organisms1
  • A toxin is a naturally occurring organic poison [1] produced by metabolic activities of living cells or organisms . (wikipedia.org)
Pathogenicity2
  • The pathogenicity of Clostridium perfringens toxin B has been studied to be associated with low levels of trypsin in piglets. (veterinariadigital.com)
  • Toxins produced by microorganisms are important virulence determinants responsible for microbial pathogenicity and/or evasion of the host immune response . (wikipedia.org)
Spores1
  • Clostridium perfringens spores are resistant in the environment, even to heat, disinfectants and ultraviolet light. (veterinariadigital.com)
Different toxins2
  • The clay mineral calcium bentonite is able to bind a range of different toxins, varying in molecular weight. (allaboutfeed.net)
  • It is differentiable into several distinct types based on the distribution of twelve different toxins. (ucdenver.edu)
Infections2
Colonization1
  • Nagpal R, Tsuji H, Takahashi T, Nomoto K, Kawashima K, Nagata S, Yamashiro Y. Gut dysbiosis following C-section instigates higher colonization of toxigenic Clostridium perfringens in infants. (juntendo.ac.jp)
Organism3
  • The organism is now named Clostridium perfringens . (medscape.com)
  • The C perfringens organism produces a series of toxins, of which the alpha toxin, a lecithinase, has the ability to destroy the red cell membrane and cause spherocytosis, which leads to hemolysis. (medscape.com)
  • The term toxungen has also been proposed to refer to toxins that are delivered onto the body surface of another organism without an accompanying wound . (wikipedia.org)
Staphylococcus2
Cpb21
  • No CPE was detected but 36.4% and 18.2% of animals were positive for CPA and CPB2 toxin, respectively. (uoguelph.ca)
Diseases1
  • The problem is that we have to give in on efficiency (average daily gain and feed conversion ratio), increase production costs by about 5-15% and controlling coccidiosis and clostridia diseases will be harder. (allaboutfeed.net)
Produces1
  • C perfringens produces at least 20 exotoxins. (medscape.com)
Stool1
Type1
  • With the current C. perfringens toxin typing scheme, C. perfringens type A was identified in the first two outbreaks. (uab.cat)
Protein2
  • Download instantly The Comprehensive Sourcebook of Bacterial Protein Toxins 3rd Edition by Joseph E. Alouf, Michel R. Popoff. (booksca.ca)
  • This pore-forming toxin has been reported as an important protein that mediates tissue damage promoted by S. aureus . (nature.com)
Vaccine2