• This is a list of 5α-reductase inhibitors (5α-RIs), drugs which inhibit one or more isoforms of the enzyme 5α-reductase. (wikipedia.org)
  • 5α-Reductase inhibitors have medical applications in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia, androgenic alopecia (pattern hair loss), and hirsutism (excessive hair growth). (wikipedia.org)
  • Statins are competitive inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme of cholesterol synthesis, whereas fibrates are activators of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha). (unboundmedicine.com)
  • [viii] 5-Alpha reductase inhibitors such as finasteride and dutasteride also raise safety concerns. (aor.us)
  • If you are at an increased risk, your healthcare provider may talk with you about taking medicines called 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs). (rochester.edu)
  • Finasteride belongs to a class of 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors. (genericpharmamall.com)
  • Noted that 5-alpha reductase enzyme inhibitors -responsible antihistamines elite athletes. (theopeninter.net)
  • Statins or HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors modestly increase HDL-C levels. (medscape.com)
  • In addition, SAMS will evaluate prognostic factors, criteria for intervention and the effects of 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors, the outcome after treatment with curative intent, time to symptoms and metastases from prostate cancer, prostate cancer specific survival, and overall survival. (cancercentrum.se)
  • 5-alpha reductase deficiency is a condition that affects sexual development before birth and during puberty. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Many people with 5-alpha reductase deficiency are assigned female at birth based on their external genitalia. (medlineplus.gov)
  • People with 5-alpha reductase deficiency do not develop much facial or body hair. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Variants (also called mutations) in the SRD5A2 gene cause 5-alpha reductase deficiency. (medlineplus.gov)
  • These hormonal factors underlie the changes in sexual development seen in infants with 5-alpha reductase deficiency. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Researchers believe that people with 5-alpha reductase deficiency develop secondary male sex characteristics in response to higher levels of this hormone. (medlineplus.gov)
  • in each cell) will have the characteristic signs of 5-alpha reductase deficiency. (medlineplus.gov)
  • 5-Alpha-reductase type 2 deficiency (5-ARD) is an autosomal recessive sex-limited condition resulting in the inability to convert testosterone to the more physiologically active dihydrotestosterone (DHT). (medscape.com)
  • Because DHT is required for the normal masculinization of the external genitalia in utero, genetic males with 5-alpha-reductase type 2 deficiency are born with ambiguous genitalia (ie. (medscape.com)
  • Patients with 5-alpha-reductase type 2 deficiency classically present with striking ambiguity of the genitalia, with a clitoral-like phallus, bifid scrotum, pseudovaginal perineoscrotal hypospadias, and a rudimentary prostate. (medscape.com)
  • The cause of 5-alpha-reductase type 2 deficiency is the deficiency of the type 2 isozyme of 5-alpha-reductase. (medscape.com)
  • As with most single enzyme disorders, 5-alpha-reductase type 2 deficiency is an autosomal recessive trait and sex limited because the clinical syndrome only affects genetic males, with very subtle phenotypic findings in homozygous females. (medscape.com)
  • The root cause of this disorder is a deficiency in the 5-alpha-reductase type 2 isoenzyme, which transforms testosterone to DHT. (medscape.com)
  • Biochemical effects of 5-alpha-reductase type 2 deficiency in testosterone biosynthesis. (medscape.com)
  • Lack of expression of this gene clinically correlates with the symptoms of 5-alpha-reductase type 2 deficiency. (medscape.com)
  • Linkage analysis has demonstrated that the type 1 enzyme is unrelated to the clinical syndrome of 5-alpha-reductase type 2 deficiency. (medscape.com)
  • Interestingly, partial virilization of males with 5-alpha-reductase type 2 deficiency occurs at puberty and may be attributable to the rise in type 1 enzyme activity or expression at that time. (medscape.com)
  • METHODS A retrospective study of a register of cases of male undermasculinisation (20 with abnormal testes, eight with 5α-reductase deficiency, three with testosterone biosynthetic defects, seven with Drash syndrome, and 210 undiagnosed). (bmj.com)
  • Testosterone:DHT ratio in patients with 5α-reductase deficiency was 12.5-72.8. (bmj.com)
  • CONCLUSIONS The testosterone:DHT ratio following hCG stimulation is more reliable than the basal testosterone:DHT ratio in identifying 5α-reductase deficiency. (bmj.com)
  • This is usually due to a 5-alpha-reductase deficiency (5alpha-RD-2) or 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency (17beta-HSD-3). (todayifoundout.com)
  • and genetic (i.e., related to methemoglobin reductase enzyme system deficiency or structural variant of hemoglobin (HbM)) [Nelson and Hostetler 2003, Wright et al. (cdc.gov)
  • Specifically, the steroid 5-alpha reductase 2 enzyme is responsible for a chemical reaction that converts the hormone testosterone to DHT. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Variants in the SRD5A2 gene prevent steroid 5-alpha reductase 2 from effectively converting testosterone to DHT in the developing reproductive tissues. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Zinc inhibits 5a reductase, the enzyme that converts testosterone to its more potent form, dihydro-testosterone, believed to be most responsible for proliferative changes to the prostate. (nutrimedical.com)
  • Only the genes coding for 5-alpha-reductase type 1 ( SRD5A1 ) and 5-alpha-reductase type 2 ( SRD5A2 ) are pertinent to the conversion of testosterone to DHT, whereas the gene coding 5-alpha-reductase type 3 is unrelated to any disorders of male sexual development, and may be implicated in a rare disorder of glycosylation. (medscape.com)
  • Testosterone converts to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by the action of the 5 alpha-reductase (5-AR) enzyme at target tissues. (aor.us)
  • According to a comprehensive evaluation published in a meta-analysis, acute physical activity acutely increases testosterone levels. (aor.us)
  • [x] Incorporating middle to intense physical activity to your lifestyle will not only help boost your testosterone levels, but it will also significantly reduce your risks of suffering from other conditions such as cardiovascular diseases [xi] and may also increase your self-esteem. (aor.us)
  • Red reishi ( Ganoderma lucidum ) has been shown to reduce levels 5-alpha reductase, the enzyme that facilitates conversion of testosterone to DHT. (aor.us)
  • Second, the progestins in OCs are attenuated derivatives of testosterone and have variable degrees of androgenic activity in women. (medscape.com)
  • Its primary mode of action involves supporting healthy testosterone metabolism, in part by maintaining healthy 5-alpha-reductase enzyme activity and receptor binding. (naturalhealinghouse.com)
  • Converts testosterone (T) into 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and progesterone or corticosterone into their corresponding 5-alpha-3-oxosteroids. (bicnirrh.res.in)
  • MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We measured urinary steroid metabolites including glucocorticoids and androgens and the ratios reflecting enzymatic activities involved in peripheral cortisol and androgen metabolism, 5 alpha-reductase, and 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase types 1 and 2. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The SRD5A2 gene provides instructions for making an enzyme called steroid 5-alpha reductase 2. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The development of female sex characteristics does not require DHT, so a lack of steroid 5-alpha reductase 2 activity does not cause physical changes in these individuals. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The 4-hydroxyl attachment, just like the 4-chloro attachment in clostebol, changes the affinity of the steroid for the aromatase and 5-alpha-reductase enzymes. (steroids-for-sale.com)
  • 1.-.-.- Oxidoreductases: steroid 5 alpha-reductase 2. (guidetopharmacology.org)
  • Saw palmetto (Serenoa repens, active substance possibly lauric acid) The berries of saw palmetto, a small palm native to the south east United States, possess a dual but weak 5a-reductase inhibition activity, due to their high content of phytosterols: β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, lupeol, lupenone, and cycloartenol. (wikipedia.org)
  • In vitro studies revealed a 5a-reductase inhibition activity of 1:5600 compared to finasteride but is at minimum 1:18000 in vivo. (wikipedia.org)
  • Meaning the 5a-reductase inhibition activity of 1mg finasteride is equal to 18000mg saw palmetto. (wikipedia.org)
  • We investigated the probable phytochemical constituents in the extract, in vitro antioxidant potential, and its in vitro aldose reductase inhibition. (bvsalud.org)
  • The mild rise in HDL-C levels from these drugs may be related to inhibition of rho-signaling pathways with activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha. (medscape.com)
  • We developed a novel and convenient method of determining 5alpha-reductase activity using LC/MS. With this method, SPE was shown to inhibit 5alpha-reductase activity in rat liver with an IC(50) of 101 microg/ml. (nih.gov)
  • Medium chain fatty acids such as those found in coconut and the kernel of many palm fruits have also been found to inhibit 5α-reductase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Authentic LSESr has a bioactive fingerprint which has been shown to have the mechanism of action to lower 5-alpha-reductase activity and inhibit inflammatory mediators. (nutraceuticalsworld.com)
  • However, a number of recent studies indicate that, in addition to their lipid-normalizing activities, statins and fibrates exhibit pleiotropic actions, such as inhibit inflammation, improve endothelial function, suppress the production of reactive oxygen species, etc. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Methods: Preliminary phytochemical screening of the extract, in vitro antioxidant assays, and in vitro aldose reductase inhibitory activity were performed. (bvsalud.org)
  • Similarly, all the fatty acids except palmitic acid inhibited 5alpha-reductase activity, with IC(50) values of 42.1 to 67.6 microg/ml. (nih.gov)
  • This study presents genetic evidence suggesting an important role of both isoforms of 5alpha-reductase in the pathogenesis of PCOS. (bicnirrh.res.in)
  • CONCLUSIONS: PCOS is associated with enhanced androgen and cortisol metabolite excretion and increased 5 alpha-reductase activity that cannot be explained by obesity alone. (ox.ac.uk)
  • 11 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities did not differ between PCOS and controls. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Khanna M, Qin KN, Cheng KC: Distribution of 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in rat brain and molecular cloning of multiple cDNAs encoding structurally related proteins in humans. (drugbank.com)
  • Epalrestatan aldose reductase inhibitor. (veapharma.com)
  • The extract inhibited aldose reductase activity with IC50 of 92.30 µgml-1. (bvsalud.org)
  • Saw palmetto extract (SPE), used widely for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) has been shown to bind alpha(1)-adrenergic, muscarinic and 1,4-dihydropyridine (1,4-DHP) calcium channel antagonist receptors. (nih.gov)
  • [ 7 , 8 ] The gene for 5-alpha-reductase type 2 has been determined to be on band 2p23. (medscape.com)
  • The gene for 5-alpha-reductase type 1 is located on band 5p15. (medscape.com)
  • A member of the monomeric reductase gene family. (drugbank.com)
  • Lens glutathione, total lens protein, soluble lens proteins (alpha-A) crystallin, and aquaporin 0 levels in the enucleated lens homogenates were determined. (bvsalud.org)
  • Markers of lens transparency such as AQP0, alpha-A crystallin, and total lens proteins and lens glutathione levels were significantly (p (bvsalud.org)
  • ABSTRACT Serum levels of glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase- (GST-) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined to evaluate their use in diagnosing hepatocellular damage in 75 children with liver disease. (who.int)
  • Their distinct biosynthetic activity includes an endoperoxidase synthase reaction that oxygenates and cyclizes polyunsaturated fatty acid precursors (eg, arachidonic acid) to form prostaglandin G 2 (PGG2), and a peroxidase reaction that converts PGG2 to prostaglandin H 2 (PGH2), as shown below. (medscape.com)
  • In turn, PGH2 is converted to biologically active products (ie, prostaglandin E 2 [PGE2]) by individual synthase and reductase reactions. (medscape.com)
  • Image analysis of the matched maps identified 7 proteins that were either over- or down-expressed: activated protein kinase c receptor (LACK), alpha tubulin (×2), prostaglandin f2-alpha synthase, protein disulfide isomerase, vesicular transport protein and a hypothetical protein. (who.int)
  • L'analyse d'image des cartes appariées a permis d'identifier sept protéines qui étaient soit surexprimées, soit sous-exprimées : le récepteur de la protéine kinase C activée, la tubuline alpha (×2), la prostaglandine F2-alpha synthase, la protéine disulfide isomérase, une protéine du transport vésiculaire et une protéine hypothétique. (who.int)
  • Pygeum africanum/Urtica dioica extract) PNU-157706 - inhibits types 1 and 2 Steroidal oximes Turosteride (FCE-26073) - inhibits type 2 and to a 15-fold lesser extent type 1 Z-350 - also an α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist Many plants, as well as their associated phytochemical constituents, have inhibitory effects on 5α-reductase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Trujillo, M. 'PrxQ B from Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a monomeric, thioredoxin-dependent and highly efficient fatty acid hydroperoxide reductase' (2016) Free Radical Biology and Medicine. (uba.ar)
  • Reyes, A.M. PrxQ B from Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a monomeric, thioredoxin-dependent and highly efficient fatty acid hydroperoxide reductase. (uba.ar)
  • Converts progesterone to its inactive form, 20-alpha-dihydroxyprogesterone (20-alpha-OHP). (drugbank.com)
  • AMPK is activated as a reply to cellular metabolic stresses, therefore phosphorylates and inactivates acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and beta-hydroxy beta-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), vital enzymes involved in regulating de novo biosynthesis of fatty acid and cholesterol. (prospecbio.com)
  • Concentrated of Fleischer Willowherb, persistent rare Alpine species, rich in flavonoids, it inhibits the activity of the 5-alpha-reductase, enzyme responsible for sebum production. (mavala.co.uk)
  • Tetraterpenes and carotenoids have been shown to possess potent anti-oxidant activity within both in vivo and in vitro studies 6 , however, some valuable carotenoids such as beta-carotene showed prooxidant effects at high concentration and oxygen pressure 7 . (scialert.net)
  • Functions as 15-oxo-prostaglandin 13-reductase and acts on 15-oxo-PGE1, 15-oxo-PGE2 and 15-oxo-PGE2-alpha. (abcam.com)
  • Has no activity towards PGE1, PGE2 and PGE2-alpha (By similarity). (abcam.com)
  • Body to others, including although most of adverse effects seem to be reversible, particular effects of acute exercise and stanozolol treatment on mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme activities. (theopeninter.net)
  • Monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and diterpenes have been found to possess notable anti-oxidant activity in different in vitro assays. (scialert.net)
  • Infants with inherited methemoglobin reductase enzyme deficiencies may present with cyanosis and elevated levels of MetHb shortly after birth [DeBaun et al. (cdc.gov)
  • The results suggest that lauric acid and oleic acid bind noncompetitively to alpha(1)-adrenergic, muscarinic and 1,4-DHP calcium channel antagonist receptors. (nih.gov)
  • Dodder (Cuscuta reflexa) Eastern arborvitae, northern whitecedar (Thuja occidentalis) Euphorbia jolkinii Fatty acids: The relative inhibitory potencies of unsaturated fatty acids are, in decreasing order: Gamma-Linolenic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, and myristoleic acid. (wikipedia.org)
  • Allysine (CAS: 1962-83-0), also known as 2-amino-6-oxohexanoic acid or 6-oxonorleucine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha-amino acids. (hmdb.ca)
  • However, most of these activities have no physiological relevance 5 . (scialert.net)
  • Three genes coding for 5-alpha-reductase have been identified, each for a slightly different isoenzyme. (medscape.com)
  • 2-Enoate-reductase, a previously unknown soluble enzyme is present in Clostridium kluyveri and another Clostridium species growing on (E)-2-butenoate. (rhea-db.org)
  • He localized the biologic activity to a fraction of lipid soluble acids that he termed "prostaglandin," hypothesizing that these substances originate in the prostate gland. (medscape.com)
  • CONCLUSIONS: Prevention efforts should focus on understanding risk factors and sharing successful prevention activities. (cdc.gov)
  • The enzyme reduces different alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylate anions such as (E)-2-butenoate, (E)-2-methyl-2-butenoate, (E)-cinnamate and probably many others in a NADH-dependent reaction to the saturated carboxylate anions. (rhea-db.org)
  • AMPK is a heterotrimer contains an alpha catalytic subunit and non-catalytic beta and gamma subunits. (prospecbio.com)
  • Addition of 8 mol p-hydroxymercuribenzoate to 1 mol subunit completely destroyed the activity of the reductase. (rhea-db.org)
  • Evidence that Serenoa repens extract displays an antiestrogenic activity in prostatic tissue of benign prostatic hypertrophy patients. (nutrimedical.com)
  • Among all secondary metabolites, phenolic anti-oxidants appear to be the most important since they have shown promising anti-oxidant activity in both in vivo and in vitro investigations. (scialert.net)
  • Phytochemicals from these classes were found to have excellent anti-oxidant activity in both in vitro and in vivo investigations. (scialert.net)
  • Some affected people also retain a small amount of 5-alpha reductase 2 activity, which may produce DHT and contribute to the development of secondary sex characteristics during puberty. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Alpha chain variants may present with cyanosis at birth, whereas those with beta chain variants may not show cyanosis until 4-6 months after birth [DeBaun et al. (cdc.gov)
  • 5 alpha-Reductase activity correlated with BMI, insulin levels, and homeostasis model assessment. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In adulthood, the 5-alpha-reductase type 2 isoenzyme is expressed in high levels in the prostate, genital skin, epididymis, seminal vesicle, and liver. (medscape.com)
  • Increases in HDL-C levels may also be attributable to decreasing plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity by statins. (medscape.com)
  • Depressive Disorders Depressive disorders are characterized by sadness severe enough or persistent enough to interfere with function and often by decreased interest or pleasure in activities. (msdmanuals.com)
  • These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon). (hmdb.ca)
  • Purification and some properties of a hitherto-unknown enzyme reducing the carbon-carbon double bond of alpha, beta-unsaturated carboxylate anions. (rhea-db.org)