Almost identical genetic clones identical cells clone cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

Test 2 Study GuideLecture 11: Sexual ReproductionConcepts- Know that asexual reproduction results in genetically Identical offspring- Know that asexual reproduction is genetically the same as cloning. (gradebuddy.com)

Scientists were initially interested in somatic-cell nuclear transfer as a means of determining whether genes remain functional even after most of them have been switched off as the cells in a developing organism assume their specialized functions as blood cells, muscle cells, and so forth. (who.int)
The fact that the DNA of a fully differentiated (adult) cell could be stimulated to revert to a condition comparable to that of a newly fertilized egg and to repeat the process of embryonic development demonstrates that all the genes in differentiated cells retain their functional capacity, although only a few are active. (who.int)
Genes are small blocks of DNA that tell the cell which proteins it should create. (wikibooks.org)
The type of genes that a given cell receives depends entirely on the parent cells. (wikibooks.org)
I am not sure, how the complete dominance of the genes of the udder cell was achieved, but it appears to me, that this cloning was basically in genetic terms a single parent propagation. (cryonet.org)
Recently, two N-acetyltransferase genes, Nat-1 and Nat-2, were cloned from rapid (C57BL/6J) and slow (A/J) acetylator mouse strains. (cdc.gov)
In this report, the N-acetylation polymorphism in mice was investigated by transiently expressing the cloned N-acetyltransferase genes in COS-1 cells. (cdc.gov)
Genetic engineering refers to the process of transferring genes from one organism to another by manipulating their DNA. (proprofs.com)
Genetic engineering refers to the manipulation of an organism's genes using biotechnology techniques. (proprofs.com)
Chris - So the genes survive because the same genes are running in that entire group of bacteria, but the individual cell that got infected has wiped itself out but it doesn't really care because the genes are being propagated? (thenakedscientists.com)
The various clones representing all the genes of an organism are called gene library of that organism. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
They can isolate and manipulate specific genes in some animals and compare the results to previous versions that are reliably identical. (qz.com)
The vast diversity of possible T-cell receptors (TCR) is generated by the random recombination of genes in the third complimentary determining regions (CDR3) within a TCR's α and β chains. (biorxiv.org)
Genetic Diagnostic Technologies Genetic diagnostic technologies are scientific methods that are used to understand and evaluate an organism's genes. (msdmanuals.com)
Gene Therapy Although gene therapy is defined as any treatment that changes gene function, it is often thought of as the insertion of normal genes into the cells of a person who lacks such normal genes because. (msdmanuals.com)
Genes and Chromosomes Genes are segments of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that contain the code for a specific protein that functions in one or more types of cells in the body or the code for functional ribonucleic. (msdmanuals.com)

Elaboration of an international convention against reproductive cloning of human beings has been under consideration in the United Nations since December 2001 when the subject was included in the agenda of the fifty- sixth session as a supplementary agenda item at the request of France and Germany. (who.int)
2. Over the years, the international community has tried without success to build a consensus on an international convention against the reproductive cloning of human beings. (who.int)
3. Creating awareness among ministries of health in the African Region will provide them with critical and relevant information on the reproductive cloning of human beings and its implications to the health status of the general population. (who.int)
7. The WHO Regional Committee for Africa is invited to review this document for information and guidance concerning reproductive cloning of human beings. (who.int)
3. Media reports on nuclear transfer are usually about one form, reproductive nuclear transfer, also known as reproductive cloning of human beings . (who.int)

The term applies not only to entire organisms but also to copies of molecules (such as DNA) and cells. (who.int)
In biology , cloning is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria , insects or plants reproduce asexually . (wikiquote.org)
Cloning in biotechnology refers to processes used to create copies of DNA fragments ( molecular cloning ), cells (cell cloning), or organisms . (wikiquote.org)
It is a method that involves the production of a group of identical cells or organisms that all derive from a single individual (Grolier 220). (benjaminbarber.org)
Biologists have developed techniques for artificial manipulation of DNA, cells and organisms. (biologyforlife.com)
3.5.U5 Clones are groups of genetically identical organisms, derived from a single original parent cell. (biologyforlife.com)
All human beings, as well as other living organisms, have a unique genetic makeup. (payforessay.net)
A clone is a group of genetically identical cells or organisms derived from a single cell or individual. (msdmanuals.com)

It has recently also come to mean a member of such a group and, in particular, an organism that is a genetic copy of another organism. (who.int)
A clone is an organism that is a genetic copy of an existing one. (who.int)
These stem cells are genetically matched to the donor organism, holding promise for studying genetic disease. (eurostemcell.org)
XI - embryonic stem cells: embryonic cells that are capable of modifying the cells of any organism tissue. (hinxtongroup.org)
… "embryo" means a human organism during the first 56 days of its development following fertilization or creation, excluding any time during which its development has been suspended, and includes any cell derived from such an organism that is used for the purpose of creating a human being. (hinxtongroup.org)
Cloning is the process of creating an identical copy of an organism, while hybridization refers to the crossing of two different species to produce offspring with mixed traits. (proprofs.com)
Totipotency is the ability of a cell to grow into a complete organism. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
DNA is extracted from an organism by breaking its cells, separation of nuclei and rupturing of nuclear envelope. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
The proper definition of cloning is the reproduction of a replicate organism without fertilization or fusion of gonad cells. (payforessay.net)
The resulting organism then turns out to be genetically identical to the donor. (payforessay.net)
Cloning is the process of creating a genetically identical duplicate of an organism. (humansfuture.org)
However, cloning need not only be used to create a whole organism. (msdmanuals.com)
Whether a cell used for a clone produces a specific type of tissue, a specific organ, or an entire organism depends on the potential of the cell-that is, how highly the cell has developed into a particular type of tissue. (msdmanuals.com)
For example, certain cells called stem cells have the potential to produce a wide variety of tissue types or even possibly an entire organism. (msdmanuals.com)

Some prohibit only cloning for reproductive purposes and allow the creation of cloned human embryos for research, whereas others prohibit the creation of cloned embryos for any purpose. (who.int)
The main issue as to whether or not human cloning is possible through the splitting of embryos began in 1993 when experimentation was done at George Washington University Medical Center in Washington D. C. There Dr. Jerry Hall experimented with the possibility of human cloning and began this moral and ethical debate. (benjaminbarber.org)
Shannon Brownlee of U. S. News & World Report writes, "Hall and other scientists split single humans embryos into identical copies, a technology that opens a Pandora's box of ethical questions and has sparked a storm of controversy around the world" (24). (benjaminbarber.org)
They attempted to create seventeen human embryos in a laboratory dish and when it had grown enough, separated them into forty-eight individual cells. (benjaminbarber.org)
Two of the separated cells survived for a few days in the lab developed into new human embryos smaller than the head of a pin and consisting of thirty-two cells each (Brownlee 24). (benjaminbarber.org)
Cloning embryos is different from the genetic process of in vitro fertilization, but still holds many similarities with it. (benjaminbarber.org)
Outline example of cloning animal embryos via natural and artificial embryo splitting. (biologyforlife.com)
3.5.A4 Production of clones embryos produced by somatic-cell nuclear transfer. (biologyforlife.com)
Outline the production of embryos via somatic cell nuclear transfer. (biologyforlife.com)
The removal and re-introduction of the nucleus, the electric stimulation of the cell, and the in vitro fertilization all combine to make viable embryos in only about 1 in 200 attempts. (humansfuture.org)

2. Nuclear transfer is a technique used to duplicate genetic material by creating an embryo through the transfer and fusion of a diploid cell in an enucleated female oocyte.2 Cloning has a broader meaning than nuclear transfer as it also involves gene replication and natural or induced embryo splitting (see Annex 1). (who.int)
After many divisions in culture, this single cell forms a blastocyst (an early stage embryo with about 100 cells) with almost identical DNA to the original donor who provided the adult cell - a genetic clone. (eurostemcell.org)
It is also our view that there are no sound reasons for treating the early-stage human embryo or cloned human embryo as anything special, or as having moral status greater than human somatic cells in tissue culture. (wikiquote.org)
… "human clone" means an embryo that, as a result of the manipulation of human reproductive material or an in vitro embryo, contains a diploid set of chromosomes obtained from a single - living or deceased - human being, fetus, or embryo. (hinxtongroup.org)
3.5.U7 Animals can be cloned at the embryo stage by breaking up the embryo into more than one group of cells. (biologyforlife.com)
Describe the process of reproductive cloning via embryo splitting. (biologyforlife.com)
Monozy-gotic identical twins are also clones as they are formed by split up of the early 2 or more celled embryo into two equal parts. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
Monkeys have been cloned in the past using a process called "embryo splitting," but that method limits the number of replicates to just four. (qz.com)

Although many species produce clonal offspring in this fashion, Dolly, the lamb born in 1996 at a research institute in Scotland, was the first asexually produced mammalian clone. (who.int)
Somatic-cell nuclear transfer, the technique by which Dolly was created, was first used 40 years ago in research with tadpoles and frogs. (who.int)
Cloning, or somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), is the technique used to produce Dolly the sheep, the first animal to be produced as a genetic copy of another adult. (eurostemcell.org)
To produce Dolly, the cloned blastocyst was transferred into the womb of a recipient ewe, where it developed and when born quickly became the world's most famous lamb. (eurostemcell.org)
Outline the production of Dolly the sheep using somatic cell nuclear transfer. (biologyforlife.com)
Sheep Dolly is a clone of its mother. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
Scientists plan to use somatic cell nuclear transfer for the first human clone, which is the same technique that was used to create Dolly the sheep. (humansfuture.org)
In the now-famous "Dolly" experiments, cells from a sheep (donor cells) were fused with unfertilized sheep eggs from another sheep (recipient cells) from which the natural genetic material was removed by microsurgery. (msdmanuals.com)
As expected, Dolly was an exact genetic copy of the original sheep from which the donor cells were taken, not of the sheep that provided the eggs. (msdmanuals.com)

5. In 2001, France and Germany requested the United Nations General Assembly to develop international conventions on human reproductive cloning, therapeutic cloning and research on stem cells. (who.int)
In therapeutic cloning, the blastocyst is not transferred to a womb. (eurostemcell.org)
Another long-term hope for therapeutic cloning is that it could be used to generate cells that are genetically identical to a patient. (eurostemcell.org)
To date, no human embryonic stem cell lines have been derived using therapeutic cloning, so both these possibilities remain very much in the future. (eurostemcell.org)
Compare therapeutic cloning to reproductive cloning. (biologyforlife.com)

General Assembly the following year,3 and the World Medical Association's Resolution on Cloning, endorsed in 1997, have confronted the issue but lack binding legal force. (who.int)

In most countries, it is illegal to attempt reproductive cloning in humans. (eurostemcell.org)
For incisive studies in patient-oriented research that paved the way for identifying genetic alterations that cause cancer in humans and that allow for cancer diagnosis in patients at the molecular level. (laskerfoundation.org)
Cloning humans has recently become a possibility that seems much more feasible in today's society than it was twenty years ago. (benjaminbarber.org)
It is not known when or how cloning humans really became a possibility, but it is known that there are two possible ways that we can clone humans. (benjaminbarber.org)
There is no doubt that many problems involving the technological and ethical sides of this issue will arise and will be virtually impossible to avoid, but the overall idea of cloning humans is one that we should accept as a possible reality for the future. (benjaminbarber.org)
Cloning humans is an idea that has always been thought of as something that could be found in science fiction novels, but never as a concept that society could actually experience. (benjaminbarber.org)
Common answers to the puzzling questions about humans and cloning are still trying to be answered today, and scientists and the public are eager to learn all they can about cloning. (benjaminbarber.org)
They've only been around for about eight weeks and are being introduced to the world today (Jan. 24), yet these baby primate clones have already done more for the future of scientific research than most humans will do in their whole lives. (qz.com)
Sometimes you might not be well acquainted with the concept of cloning be it on humans or even on animals. (payforessay.net)
Studies suggest that cloned higher animals (and thus humans) are more likely to have serious or fatal genetic defects than normally conceived offspring. (msdmanuals.com)

Instead, embryonic stem cells are isolated from the cloned blastocyst. (eurostemcell.org)

The relationship between the 'spontaneous' frequency of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE) and tumorigenicity was studied in a series of hybrids between a C57BL melanoma cell line and diploid cells, but no correlation was found between the 2 variables. (biologists.com)

Most natural cloning occurs in those species that produce their descendants asexually, that is, without combining the male and female genetic material. (who.int)
Cloning occurs naturally in asexually reproducing mi-crobes and vegetatively multiplying plants. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
Asexually reproducing lower animals like Amoeba proteus also produces clones. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
A clone is said to be all descendants derived asexually from a single individual. (humansfuture.org)

Artificial cloning has been achieved in higher animals. (yourarticlelibrary.com)

Unlike eggs fertilized naturally (with sperm), the laboratory-made eggs received genetic material from only one source. (msdmanuals.com)

In sexual reproduction, clones are created when a fertilized egg splits to produce identical (monozygous) twins with identical genomes. (who.int)
Developments in biotechnology have raised new concerns about animal welfare, as farm animals now have their genomes modified (genetically engineered) or copied (cloned) to propagate certain traits useful to agribusiness, such as meat yield or feed conversion. (wikiquote.org)

Among the changes to CTCL classification were the addition of primary cutaneous acral CD8 + T-cell lymphoma as a new provisional entity. (medscape.com)

Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua, born six and eight weeks ago, respectively, at the Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Neuroscience in Shanghai, are the first primate clones made by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). (qz.com)
Theoretically, SCNT can produce unlimited clones. (qz.com)
The SCNT method involves removing the nucleus from an egg cell and replacing it with another nucleus from differentiated body cells, and the reconstructed egg then develops into a clone of the creature who donated the nucleus. (qz.com)

the sporophyte produces haploid spores by meiosis that develop into gametophytesAlternation of Generations:Animals are composed of almost entirely diploid, somatic cells. (gradebuddy.com)
Somatic cells from a donor are extracted, and the nucleus is fused with that of a host egg using in vitro fertilization. (payforessay.net)

Clone is, therefore, an exact carbon copy or copies of a single living parent. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
Cell cloning is the formation of multiple copies of the same cell. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
Cloning forms millions of copies of the same microbe. (yourarticlelibrary.com)

Fertilization then occurs leading to the development of a blastocyst which then develops into an embryonic cell. (payforessay.net)
Despite the large space of potential TCRβ rearrangements, the existence of public clones found in two or more individuals has been well characterized, and occurs more frequently than would be expected by chance ( 6 - 8 ). (biorxiv.org)

What is cloning, and what does it have to do with stem cell research? (eurostemcell.org)
This form of cloning is unrelated to stem cell research. (eurostemcell.org)
For example, stem cells could be generated using the nuclear transfer process described above, with the donor adult cell coming from a patient with diabetes or Alzheimer's. (eurostemcell.org)
The stem cells could be studied in the laboratory to help researchers understand what goes wrong in diseases like these. (eurostemcell.org)
Usually all plants are totipotent but in animals only fertilized egg (zygote) and stem cells in the embryonic blastocyst are totipotent. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
Plants, unlike most animals, retain their stem cells through their lives. (ladbible.com)

of the sheep, which was the subject of cloning and used to *fertilize* an egg taken from a different sheep (why a _different_ one? (cryonet.org)
Much intensive research on this technology began, and in the year 1996, the first clone of a sheep was done. (payforessay.net)

Given that we have an efficiency of 1% cloning for livestock species and if only one in a thousand cells are viable then around 100,000 cells would need to be transferred. (wikiquote.org)
3.5.U4 Genetic modification is carried out by gene transfer between species. (biologyforlife.com)
Outline how the universality of the genetic code allows for gene transfer between species. (biologyforlife.com)
3.5.U6 Many plants species and some animal species have natural methods of cloning. (biologyforlife.com)
We believe it will increase our individual longevity and contribute to healthier, happier lives through organ replacement, and eventually cloning technology will enable the seed ship method for propogating our species throughout the stars. (humansfuture.org)

if it implants and the pregnancy goes to term, the resulting individual will carry the same nuclear genetic material as the donor of the adult somatic cell. (who.int)
However, an animal created through this technique would not be a precise genetic copy of the source of its nuclear DNA because each clone derives a small amount of its DNA from the mitochondria of the egg (which lie outside the nucleus) rather than from the donor of cell nucleus. (who.int)
Thus, the clone would be genetically identical to the nucleus donor only if the egg came from the same donor or from her maternal line. (who.int)
Then the genetic material from the donor cells was transferred into the unfertilized eggs. (msdmanuals.com)

Consistent with this hypothesis, we find that increased age is correlated with decreased overall TCRβ clone sharing, indicating that the pattern of private TCRβ clonal expansion is a general feature of the T-cell response to other infectious antigens. (biorxiv.org)
On the basis of the genetic relationship between the paired samples, three groups were delineated: (1) identical genetic changes at diagnosis and relapse (2 of 11 cases), (2) clonal evolution with all changes at diagnosis being present at relapse (2 of 11) and (3) clonal evolution with some changes conserved, lost or gained (7 of 11), suggesting the presence of a preleukemic clone. (lu.se)

Nowell collaborated with the late David Hungerford who, he says, "knew more about chromosomes than I did," and together they made the startling observation that individuals suffering from chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) had an abnormally small chromosome in the tumor cells. (laskerfoundation.org)
At a time when the idea that cancer had a genetic basis was widely disbelieved, Nowell's results provided the first clear evidence that a particular genetic defect in a single chromosome can lead to a population or clone of identical cells that accumulate in numbers to form a deadly malignancy. (laskerfoundation.org)
The tiny Philadelphia chromosome became a clear and consistent marker of CML, a cancer of the myeloid or bone marrow cells, with broad implications for diagnosis and prognosis of disease. (laskerfoundation.org)
I came to realize that there were many questions about chromosome changes in patients that would be rewarding to study," noted Rowley, and for the next decade she labored over the microscope looking at chromosomes in leukemic cells. (laskerfoundation.org)
Variation of SCE frequencies was observed, however, between the different hybrid clones, and most hybrids showed consistently less SCE per chromosome than the corresponding parental cell types did under similar growth conditions. (biologists.com)
It has been suggested that sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) might reflect a pathway by which cells can repair certain forms of chromosome damage( Latt & Juergens, 1977 ). (biologists.com)

The virus adsorbs to the bacteria, injects its genetic material, and essentially turns the bacterial cell into a factory for virus production. (thenakedscientists.com)
Then generally, these infected cells burst open to release lots of new virus which then goes on to infect other bacteria in the population. (thenakedscientists.com)

This involves mating two individuals with different genetic traits to create offspring that inherit a combination of traits from both parents. (proprofs.com)
Cloning might involve altering the genetic material of a person to get rid of unwanted traits. (payforessay.net)
Furthermore, when this is done on a germ cell, the traits can be carried forward to future generations. (payforessay.net)

Diploid-a cell with two sets of chromosomes (2n chromosomes) 3. (gradebuddy.com)
Gamete: a haploid reproductive cell, usually an egg or sperm, that combines with another gamete to produce a diploid zygote during sexual reproduction6. (gradebuddy.com)
Zygote: the diploid cell produced by the union of haploid gametes during fertilization7. (gradebuddy.com)
A multicellular diploid plant (a sporophyte) will produce haploid cells called spores through meiosis. (gradebuddy.com)

When the cloning process is used in this way, to produce a living duplicate of an existing animal, it is commonly called reproductive cloning. (eurostemcell.org)
Quickly picking up on her lead that translocations contribute to malignancy, scientists around the world joined the search for chromosomes that either switched genetic material or, in some cases, lost it altogether in a process known as "deletion. (laskerfoundation.org)
Describe the process of reproductive cloning via somatic cell nuclear transfer. (biologyforlife.com)
The T-cell repertoire derives this high diversity through somatic recombination of the T-cell receptor (TCR) locus, a random process that results in repertoires that are largely private to each individual. (biorxiv.org)

The nucleus of an adult somatic cell (such as a skin cell) is removed and transferred to an enucleated egg, which is then stimulated with electric current or chemicals to activate cell division. (who.int)
In this procedure, the nucleus of an egg cell is removed and replaced by the nucleus of a cell from another adult. (eurostemcell.org)
In Dolly's case, the cell came from the mammary gland of an adult ewe. (eurostemcell.org)
After being inserted into the egg, the adult cell nucleus is reprogrammed by the host cell. (eurostemcell.org)
3.5.U8 Methods have been developed for cloning adult animals using differentiated cells. (biologyforlife.com)
The adaptive immune system of a healthy adult includes up to 10 15 highly diverse T cells ( 1 , 2 ). (biorxiv.org)

A great many noxious agents capable of inducing SCE in tissue culture cells are carcinogenic (see, for example, Wolff, 1977 ). (biologists.com)

Both of them have the same genetic characteristics. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
For instance, people whose genetic characteristics make them prone to particular disorders might be denied employment or health insurance coverage. (msdmanuals.com)

More than 90% of cloning attempts fail to produce viable offspring. (wikiquote.org)
More than 100 nuclear transfer procedures could be required to produce one viable clone. (wikiquote.org)
We hypothesized that only a small fraction of cells within the AMBI-1 clone are activated to produce virus particles during cell division while the majority remain latent despite division, ensuring their survival. (frontiersin.org)
They produce clones. (yourarticlelibrary.com)

HIV-1 proviruses can persist during ART in clonally-expanded populations of CD4+ T cells. (frontiersin.org)
Researchers say the macaque clones prefigure a not-so-distant future where labs will be able to create and conduct research on customizable populations of genetically uniform monkeys. (qz.com)
With identical populations, scientists can do more accurate research. (qz.com)

Beyond this scientific interest, the commercial concern in animal cloning focuses on replicating large numbers of genetically identical animals, especially those derived from a progenitor that has been modified genetically. (who.int)
In addition to low success rates, cloned animals tend to have more compromised immune function and higher rates of infection, tumor growth, and other disorders. (wikiquote.org)
Soon after, there were many hullabaloos about the possibility of cloning other animals with human beings included. (payforessay.net)

General Assembly the adoption of a declaration on human cloning by which Member States were called upon to prohibit all forms of human cloning inasmuch as they are incompatible with human dignity and the protection of human life. (who.int)

The present report gives an overview of the terms and methods used in cloning and summarizes the debates in the General Assembly. (who.int)

The second method of cloning a human involves taking cells from an already existing human being and cloning them, in turn creating other individuals that are identical to that particular person. (benjaminbarber.org)

Antigen recognition depends on both T-cell specificity and the molecular complex presenting the antigen. (biorxiv.org)

The term "clone", from the Greek word for twig, denotes a group of identical entities. (who.int)

The absence of this Hydroxyl group is fundamental in determining the way in which DNA is able to condense itself within the nucleus of a cell. (wikibooks.org)

These scientists experimented eagerly in aims of learning how to clone human. (benjaminbarber.org)
The team says it adheres to international guidelines for animal research set by the US National Institutes of Health for this experiment and are encouraging other scientists to engage in debate with their work and the ethics of cloning in order to develop an acceptable, successful approach. (qz.com)
For example, scientists have not yet found a way of effectively splitting the telomeres during cell division. (payforessay.net)
While it may provide other hypothetical benefits such as re-creating brilliant scientists, philosophers, and humanitarians who might then have more than a single life time to contribute to our evolutionary development, advances in direct manipulation of the genome will probably allow us to specify the genetic pattern of those we would want to emulate. (humansfuture.org)

In the year 1952, the first successful cloning procedure took place. (payforessay.net)

Hybrids in which malignancy was suppressed and malignant segregants derived from them showed virtually identical SCE frequencies. (biologists.com)
Also, the term "primary cutaneous CD4 + small/medium T-cell lymphoma" was changed to "primary cutaneous CD4 + small/medium T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder" because of its indolent clinical behavior and uncertain malignant potential. (medscape.com)

There it was concluded that cloning is not something that can be done as of now, but it is quite a possibility for the future. (benjaminbarber.org)

Although we cannot clone a human yet, this experiment occurred almost two years ago and triggered almost an ethical emergency. (benjaminbarber.org)
The birth of the cute monkey clones, while hopeful for medical research, raises ethical concerns, which the researchers acknowledge. (qz.com)

Claims that you could clone individual treatments of human beings to treat common diseases like diabetes, suggests you need a huge supply of human eggs. (wikiquote.org)
To address this question, we determined the fraction of HIV-1 proviruses within the AMBI-1 clone that expresses unspliced cell-associated RNA during ART and compared this fraction to 33 other infected T cell clones within the same individual. (frontiersin.org)

A blastocyst (cloned or not), because it lacks any trace of a nervous system, has no capacity for suffering or conscious experience in any form - the special properties that, in our view, spell the difference between biological tissue and a human life worthy of respect and rights. (wikiquote.org)

These findings suggest that cell fusion might have induced epigenetic SCE frequency changes possibly in the same way as modulation of SCE frequencies is known to occur in the human leukocyte series. (biologists.com)

But even so, many researchers continued to believe that genetic aberrations were the result, not the cause, of malignancy. (laskerfoundation.org)

Bizarre ideas about cloning lie in many science fiction books and scare the public with their unbelievable possibilities. (benjaminbarber.org)
This experiment opened the possibilities of cloning to society and, even though it was unsuccessful, led people to ask themselves what they would do if cloning were to happen. (benjaminbarber.org)

Many sources state that cloning is just simply an extension of in vitro fertilization, but the root of cloning goes further than that. (benjaminbarber.org)
The problem we have been concerned with is to find an in vitro correlate with tumorigenicity in a system of cell hybrids in the mouse. (biologists.com)

Prenatal screening for genetic abnormalities that cause serious disorders is widely supported. (msdmanuals.com)

For this reason, you might need a free essay on cloning that will guide you on how to compose this type of paper. (payforessay.net)

Creating a human by cloning is widely seen as unethical, is illegal in many countries, and is technically difficult. (msdmanuals.com)

This is in contrast to the other options listed - Cystic Fibrosis, Sickle Cell Disease, and Colorblindness - which can all be present from birth or develop early in life. (proprofs.com)
In contrast, pluriopotency is the ability of a cell to develop ИПу type Ot the Cell in the animal body, for example, kidney cells or heart cells or nerve cells. (yourarticlelibrary.com)

With the help of micropipette, single cells are added to fresh culture media for multiplication and formation of cell clones. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
We have investigated 11 paired diagnostic and relapse samples with single nucleotide polymorphism array and mutation analyses of FLT3, KRAS, NRAS and PTPN11 in order to identify changes associated with relapse and to ascertain the genetic evolution patterns. (lu.se)

It is essential to the organism's survival and well-being that its genetic material is encoded into something that is more stable and resistant to changes. (wikibooks.org)

However, certain factors such as low junctional diversity, thymic selection, and T-cell proliferation upon antigen exposure can affect TCR sharing among individuals. (biorxiv.org)

You can clone a dog that has been dead for fewer than five days, too, as long as you wrap its body in wet towels and place it in a refrigerator, which keeps it from drying out before getting to the vet. (wikiquote.org)
By immunosequencing the TCRβ variable region of 426 healthy individuals, we find that fewer than 1% of TCRβ clones are shared between individuals on average, consistent with largely private TCRβ repertoires. (biorxiv.org)
Surprisingly, we find that shared antigen exposure to CMV leads to fewer shared TCRβ clones, even after controlling for HLA, indicative of a largely private response to major viral antigenic exposure. (biorxiv.org)

Anatomy32

Organisms21

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs95

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment37

Phenomena and Processes75

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Information Science4

Health Care2

Asexual reproduction1

Genes16

Reproductive cloning of huma5

Organisms8

Organism14

Embryos10

Embryo8

Dolly9

Therapeutic5

Endorsed in 19971

Humans10

Embryonic stem1

C57BL1

Asexually4

Artificial1

Naturally1

Genomes2

Provisional1

SCNT3

Somatic cells2

Copies3

Occurs2

Stem6

Sheep2

Species5

Donor4

Clonal2

Chromosome6

Bacteria2

Traits3

Diploid4

Process4

Adult6

Tissue culture1

Characteristics2

Produce4

Populations3

Animals3

Prohibit1

METHODS1

Involves1

Molecular1

Group of identical1

Nucleus of a cell1

Scientists4

Procedure1

Malignant2

Possibility1

Ethical2

Individual2

Lacks1

Epigenetic1

Researchers1

Possibilities2

Vitro2

Abnormalities1

Essay1

Widely1

Contrast2

Single2

Material1

Proliferation1

Fewer3