• Several HLA genes or haplotypes immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as of mid-1996 (1). (cdc.gov)
  • At least two specific combinations of HLA gene variants (HLA haplotypes) have been found to increase the risk of developing celiac disease, a disorder in which inflammation damages the intestinal tract and other organs and tissues. (medlineplus.gov)
  • One of these haplotypes, known as DQ2, is composed of the protein produced from HLA-DQA1 gene variants known as HLA-DQA1*05:01 or HLA-DQA1*05:05 bound to the protein produced from HLA-DQB1 gene variants known as HLA-DQB1*02:01 or HLA-DQB1*02:02 . (medlineplus.gov)
  • Type 1 diabetes risk is most increased by two HLA haplotypes involving variations of the HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 genes and another HLA gene called HLA-DRB1 . (medlineplus.gov)
  • Other HLA haplotypes only mildly increase the risk of type 1 diabetes, while some haplotypes seem to protect against developing this condition. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The present study confirms some of the previous findings in other white populations and describes new possible alleles and haplotypes that could be implicated with IgA-D susceptibility and resistance. (nih.gov)
  • OBJECTIVE- HLA-DRB1* 03 -DQB1* 0201 /DRB1* 04 -DQB1* 0302 ( DR3/4-DQ8 ) siblings who share both major histocompatibility complex (MHC) haplotypes identical-by-descent with their proband siblings have a higher risk for type 1A diabetes than DR3/4-DQ8 siblings who do not share both MHC haplotypes identical-by-descent. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Human leukocyte antigen haplotypes and HFE mutations in Spanish hereditary hemochromatosis and sporadic porphyria cutanea tarda. (cdc.gov)
  • HLA- DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 testing is valuable because CD is unlikely if both haplotypes are negative. (vdocuments.net)
  • Association of High-Affinity Autoantibodies With Type 1 Diabetes High-Risk HLA Haplotypes. (cuanschutz.edu)
  • Alleles defined by DNA sequencing are named to identify the gene, followed by an asterisk, numbers representing the allele group (often corresponding to the serologic antigen encoded by that allele), a colon, and numbers representing the specific allele (eg, A*02:01, DRB1*01:03, DQA1*01:02). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Hundreds of DRB1 alleles have been described and typing for these polymorphisms is routinely done for bone marrow and kidney transplantation. (thermofisher.com)
  • Les principaux loci de la classe I (HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C) et de la classe II (HLA-DRB1, HLA-DPB, HLA-DQB1) présentent une grande variabilité au sein de la population et ont la particularité d'être directement impliqués dans les mécanismes immunologiques fondamentaux. (geobiotech.fr)
  • Antigen gene transfer to cultured human dendritic cells using recombinant avipoxvirus vectors. (lookformedical.com)
  • Advances in understanding the role of dendritic cells (DCs) as the major antigen (Ag)-presenting cell type of the immune system combined with the recent development of methods for the ex vivo expansion of human DCs have opened the possibility for the transfer of tumor Ags to DCs with a view toward tumor immunotherapy. (lookformedical.com)
  • Like conventional antigens/haptens, superantigens stimulate antigen-presenting dendritic cells by increasing the expression of HLA-DR antigen and co-stimulatory molecules (CD54, CD83, and CD86) as well as the generation of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) -α. (microbiologynote.com)
  • The most restrictive step involved in antigen presentation is binding of the peptide to MHC class I. It is estimated that only 1 out of 200 peptides will bind a given MHC class I allele with sufficient strength to elicit a CTL response [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Biotinylated Class I MHC/peptide complex can be used in research studies involving CD8+ antigen-specific T cells. (biotrend.com)
  • Biotinylated MHC Class I monomer is composed of a particular peptide in combination with a particular HLA class I allele that has been biotinylated at the c-terminus of the heavy chain extracellular domain. (biotrend.com)
  • Because every nucleated cell expresses class I MHC molecules, all infected cells can act as antigen-presenting cells for CD8 T cells (CD8 binds to the nonpolymorphic part of the class I heavy chain). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Some class I MHC genes encode nonclassical MHC molecules, such as HLA-G (which may play a role in protecting the fetus from the maternal immune response) and HLA-E (which presents peptides to certain receptors on natural killer [NK] cells). (msdmanuals.com)
  • HLA-DR, like other MHC class II molecules, is a transmembrane glycoprotein composed of a 36 kDa alpha chain (DRA) and 27 kDa beta chain (DRB). (thermofisher.com)
  • While there is fwctory reasonably strong genetic linkage to certain HLA molecules, the disease has to be considered polygenic in nature ( 83 ) and a significant discordance of disease among monozygotic twins suggests that environmental factors contribute to trigger andor exacerbate the disease. (forextrading-madeeasy.com)
  • In spite of interacting with MHC class II molecules outside the antigen-binding groove, they are nevertheless able to induce a fruitful contact with T cells. (microbiologynote.com)
  • TSAs arise from cancer-related nonsynonymous mutations or other genetic alterations, which give rise to mutated peptides presented by HLA only on the cell surface of tumor cells (neoantigens). (biomedcentral.com)
  • HLA-DR is a heterodimeric transmembrane protein composed of alpha and beta subunits and plays an important role in the presentation of peptides to CD4+ T lymphocytes. (thermofisher.com)
  • Recombinant, truncated Class I soluble Human Leukocyte Antigen (sHLA), naturally folded and glycosylated, loaded with endogenous peptides. (hlaprotein.com)
  • In the large-scale benchmark calculation consisting of 216 known HIV epitopes covering all 12 recognized HLA supertypes, the NetCTL-1.2 method was shown to have a sensitivity among the 5% top-scoring peptides above 0.72. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, we comprehensively screened HLA-A2 restricted MAGE-A3 tumor epitopes and characterized the corresponding TCRs using in vitro artificial antigen presentation cells (APC) system, single-cell transcriptome and TCR V(D)J sequencing, and machine-learning. (thno.org)
  • We identified the HLA-A2 restricted T cell epitopes from MAGE-A3 that could effectively induce the activation and cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells using artificial APC in vitro . (thno.org)
  • A cohort of HLA-A2+ NSCLC donors demonstrated that the number of epitope specific CD8+ T cells increased in NSCLC than healthy controls when measured with tetramer derived from the candidate MAGE-A3 epitopes, especially epitope Mp4 (MAGE-A3: 160-169, LVFGIELMEV). (thno.org)
  • The vast majority of such strategies are based on tumor associated antigens (TAAs) which are shared wild type cellular self-epitopes highly expressed on tumor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) samples showed wide prevalence of clonal and partial HLA LOH of the HLA-A*02:01 allele occurring in ~40% of NSCLC samples indicating that these tumors would not have responded to single TCRs targeting HLA-A*02:01 epitopes. (nationalstemcelltherapy.com)
  • There were compared with epitopes in the Immune Epitope Database (IEDB) which contains experimentally identified epitopes in sH1N1 HA proteins, which may be helpful in design of common antigens of pH1N1 influenza and sH1N1 viruses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, overcoming such limitations is a major goal, given that TAAs represent the most suitable target antigens for developing cancer vaccines on a large scale. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The vast number of activated T-cells produces a massive immunological response that is not specific to any one epitope on the SAg, so undermining one of the key advantages of the adaptive immune system, namely its capacity to target antigens with great specificity. (microbiologynote.com)
  • A1-B58 haplotype (A1-B17 where B58 is dominant) may remain associated with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) With the exception of type 1 diabetes, most of the evidence for direct association of A1 with autoimmune diseases evaporated as DR3 and DQ2 genes were characterized. (wikipedia.org)
  • A recent study of DR3-DQ2/DR4-DQ8 phenotype found that A1-cw7-B8 was actually lower than expected relative to other A-B types, indicating that risk associated genes are located between B8 and DR3. (wikipedia.org)
  • Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) performed in PSC have identified about 20 genes that are significantly associated with PSC, most of which localize within the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex. (medscape.com)
  • Earlier HIV infec- receptor gene polymorphism in HIV infection, tion diagnosis, inhibition of ongoing HIV replica- only genes of the HLA system were thought to tion with antiretroviral therapy (in industrialized protect against HIV infection. (cdc.gov)
  • I and II alleles that may be associated with An Overview of Host Genes and HIV remaining uninfected have been identified (6). (cdc.gov)
  • The role of genes ceptibility to HIV infection and the course of HIV of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system in disease. (cdc.gov)
  • The discovery of the gene sequences and predicted protein structures, role of CCR5 alleles has prompted studies of but their ligands have not been identified the possible role of many other host genes in (orphan receptors). (cdc.gov)
  • The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system (the major histocompatibility complex [MHC] in humans) is an important part of the immune system and is controlled by genes located on chromosome 6. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The heavy chain of the class I molecule is encoded by genes at HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C loci. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Both polypeptide chains are encoded by genes in the HLA-DP, -DQ, or -DR region of chromosome 6. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The HLA-DQA1 gene is part of a family of genes called the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The HLA-DQA1 gene belongs to a group of MHC genes called MHC class II. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Combinations of variations in the HLA-DQA1 gene and other HLA genes affect the risk of type 1 diabetes. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Previous studies have indicated that this HLA LOH occurs through deletion of an entire chromosome arm where the HLA genes are located. (nationalstemcelltherapy.com)
  • Because of its linkage within the AH8.1 haplotype many studies showed association with A1 or A1,B8 only later to show the association drift toward the class II region gene alleles, DR3 and DQ2.5. (wikipedia.org)
  • In all instances so far, HLA-A1 has been found to be linked to disease by association, but there are few that define HLA-A1 has a predominant genetic risk relative to other gene-alleles in the vicinity of the A1 gene on the larger haplotype. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pre- hematopoietic and other cells, but the Duffy sence of one copy of the deleted CCR5 gene also antigen of erythrocytes (DARC) is the only influences the course of disease as the onset of member expressed on cells of erythroid lineage. (cdc.gov)
  • Individual serologically defined antigens encoded by the class I and II gene loci in the HLA system are given standard designations (eg, HLA-A1, -B5, -C1, -DR1). (msdmanuals.com)
  • The HLA-DQA1 gene provides instructions for making a protein that plays a critical role in the immune system. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The HLA complex is the human version of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), a gene family that occurs in many species. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The protein produced from the HLA-DQA1 gene attaches (binds) to the protein produced from another MHC class II gene, HLA-DQB1 . (medlineplus.gov)
  • Researchers have identified hundreds of different versions (alleles) of the HLA-DQA1 gene, each of which is given a particular number (such as HLA-DQA1*05:01 ). (medlineplus.gov)
  • The other haplotype, known as DQ8, is composed of the protein produced from HLA-DQA1 gene variants known as HLA-DQA1*03:01 or HLA-DQA1*03:02 bound to the protein produced from the HLA-DQB1 gene variant known as HLA-DQB1*03:02 . (medlineplus.gov)
  • Additionally, TCR-200-A02 showed no reactivity to normal cells from healthy HLA-A*02:01+ human donors, indicating no off-tumor reactivity risk. (nationalstemcelltherapy.com)
  • The aim of this study was to characterize the forces that contribute to viral evolution in an HLA-A*01-restricted epitope in HCV NS3. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In our cohort of subjects with chronic HCV infection (genotype 1b or 3a), it is a frequently recognized CD8 epitope in HLA-A*01-positive subjects. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Through ReceptorScan, we identified TSC-200-A02 that targets an HLA-A*02:01 restricted epitope of HPV16-E7 and with TargetScan we identified TSC-204-C07 targeting a novel HLA-C*07:02 restricted epitope of MAGE-A1. (nationalstemcelltherapy.com)
  • Thhe information includes the result of prediction from various algorithms including B cell epitope (LBtope), MHC class I binding alleles (Propred1), MHC class II binding alleles (Propred), CTL epitope (CTLpred), HLA alleles (nHLApred), interferon-gamma inducing potential (IFNepitope), Interleukin-4 inducing capacity (IL4pred). (osdd.net)
  • HLA-A1 (A1) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within HLA-A "A" serotype group. (wikipedia.org)
  • Human leukocyte antigen Cw7 was detected in 4 of 5 recipients, and the fifth case, the antigen was detected in the donor. (ectrx.org)
  • Polyoma BK virus-positive people can be accepted safely for kidney donation, especially with a possible protective role of human leukocyte antigen Cw7. (ectrx.org)
  • Class I and II human leukocyte antigens were determined by a standard microlymphocytotoxity test in a group of 45 pediatric patients with selective immunoglobulin A deficiency (IgA-D), 33 of them with frequent respiratory tract infections, allergic diseases, or gastrointestinal disorders (RTIAG), and 12 with celiac disease (CD). (nih.gov)
  • Indeed, the term "molecular mimicry" was originally introduced in 1964 to define the similarity between antigens expressed by infectious agents and human cells, as cause of the microbial escape from the host immune response and a more aggressive infection [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our identification of the first non-human primate-specific minor histocompatibility antigen now published at Frontiers in Immunology. (wisc.edu)
  • Variable inter- and intra-tumoral antigen expression was observed in human melanoma tumor samples as shown by heterogenous antigen expression of PRAME and MAGEC2 that varied from cell to cell within the same tumor. (nationalstemcelltherapy.com)
  • Description: The LN3 mAb reacts with the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, HLA-DR. HLA-DR is expressed on the surface of human antigen presenting cells (APC) including B cells, monocytes, macrophages, DCs, and activated T cells. (thermofisher.com)
  • Overall primary concerns are: extrapolating human clinical studies, seeding durable effective T cell resident memory (Trm), population human leucocyte antigen (HLA) coverage, and the potential for T cell-mediated immune escape. (mdpi.com)
  • During this time, the perception of CD has changed from a rather uncommon enteropathy to a common multi- organ disease with a strong genetic predisposition that is associated mainly with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8. (vdocuments.net)
  • HLA, also known as human MHC, is classically divided MHC I, II, III with human immunity against influenza involving MHC I and MHC II alleles in influenza. (biomedcentral.com)
  • De nombreuses études scientifiques sérieuses et récentes montrent le rôle important -mais non exclusif bien entendu- joué par l'odeur corporelle lors du choix du partenaire dans la constitution des couples, avec une attirance spontanée entre les deux partenaires qui semble bien être liée à leur complémentarité au niveau de leurs gènes du groupe HLA (Human Leucocyte Antigen) aussi appelé CMH (complexe majeur d'histocompatibilité). (geobiotech.fr)
  • The HLA-A1-B8 haplotype hitchhiking with the hemochromatosis mutation: does it affect the phenotype? (cdc.gov)
  • L‟hémophilie A est une maladie hémorragique rare liée au chromosome X qui se traduit par un déficit en facteur VIII (FVIII) fonctionnel. (123dok.net)
  • Clones from three patients with a partial response or stable disease recognized antigens expressed on renal cell carcinoma tumor cells. (aacrjournals.org)
  • CD8 + CTL-recognizing minor H antigens on tumor cells can be isolated posttransplant and could contribute to the graft- versus -tumor effect. (aacrjournals.org)
  • On the contrary, TAAs are wild-type self-antigens highly expressed on tumor cells compared to corresponding normal cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here is a map showing the allele frequency of HLA-DR14. (eupedia.com)
  • Here is a map showing the allele frequency of HLA-DR10. (eupedia.com)
  • Here is a map showing the allele frequency of HLA-A3, which is divided in two subtypes : A3:01 and A3:02. (eupedia.com)
  • Comparison of HCV sequences from Asia and Europe suggests that the frequency of the HLA-A*01 allele in a population may influence the frequency of the escape variant in circulating strains. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In a phase I/II trial in patients with metastatic melanoma, direct intra-dermal injection of mRNA coding for relevant tumor-associated antigens was well tolerated and influenced the frequency of vaccine-antigen directed CD4 and CD8 T cells as well as regulatory T cells (T Regs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBMC) and sera were collected at baseline, wk12, and wk24 to perform phenotypic and functional T cell assays, and to investigate humoral responses against a panel of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) and soluble NKG2D ligands (sNKG2DL). (bmj.com)
  • Tumor antigens can be classified into tumor-specific antigens (TSAs) and tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, the exploitation of homology between TAAs and antigens derived from microorganisms (MoAs) (molecular mimicry) may provide the most effective results. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the present review, we provide evidence for how the interaction of dietary lectins with enterocytes and lymphocytes may facilitate the translocation of both dietary and gut-derived pathogenic antigens to peripheral tissues, which in turn causes persistent peripheral antigenic stimulation. (cambridge.org)
  • The development of cancer immunotherapeutic strategies relies on the identification and validation of optimal target tumor antigens, which should be tumor-specific as well as able to elicit a swift and potent anti-tumor immune response. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The predominant Y1444F substitution seemingly impairs binding to the HLA-A*01 molecule, which may have an important impact on the ability to prime a functional CD8 response upon infection. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Adoptive cell therapy using engineered T-cell receptors (TCRs) targeting cancer-testis antigens, such as Melanoma-associated antigen 3 (MAGE-A3), is a potential approach for the treatment of NSCLC. (thno.org)
  • Together, they form a functional protein complex called an antigen-binding DQαβ heterodimer. (medlineplus.gov)
  • For example, cer- countries), and prevention and treatment of tain distributions of HLA class I alleles were opportunistic infections and cancers delay the observed in uninfected female commercial sex onset of AIDS and increase the life expectancy workers in Africa (13,14) and Thailand (11), who of HIV-infected persons. (cdc.gov)
  • The term "superantigen" was used by Kappler and Marrack in 1989 to describe this fundamentally new class of antigens. (microbiologynote.com)
  • However, amino acid sequence differences imply that each superantigen has an affinity for particular MHC class-II alleles. (microbiologynote.com)
  • This phase I trial assessed the safety, efficacy, and immunologic responses to minor histocompatibility antigens following nonmyeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation as treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The etiology of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) remains unknown, but it is thought to be multifactorial, including genetic predisposition, exposure to an environmental antigen, and subsequent aberrant immunologic response to that stimulus. (medscape.com)
  • Patients were monitored for donor engraftment of myeloid and lymphoid cells, for clinical response by serial imaging, and for immunologic response by in vitro isolation of donor-derived CD8 + CTLs recognizing recipient minor histocompatibility (H) antigens. (aacrjournals.org)
  • This work identified candidate TCRs potentially suitable for TCR-T design targeting HLA-A2 restricted MAGE-A3 tumor antigen. (thno.org)
  • These initial preclinical results suggest that multiplexing TCRs has the potential to overcome both tumor antigen heterogeneity and HLA loss-of-heterozygosity (LOH). (nationalstemcelltherapy.com)
  • While it is not clear what role A1 has in infectious disease, some linkage with infection rates in HIV remain associated within the A1 region of the haplotype. (wikipedia.org)
  • Early in the study of HLA an association was found between HL A1,B8 in allergic disease, these are found to link to extended HLA A1-B8 region. (wikipedia.org)
  • Whereas A1 was found negatively associated with other disease such as coal workers pneumoconiosis and leprosy. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most of the disease risk conferred by A*01:01 are represented by either A1 serotype risks, or A1-B8 serotype risk (In Europe A1-B8 is almost always composed of A*01:01 and B*08:01). (wikipedia.org)
  • Therefore, the most plausible concept of the pathogenesis of PSC involves the exposure of genetically predisposed individuals to an environmental antigen that subsequently elicits an aberrant immune response, leading to development of the disease. (medscape.com)
  • Eight patients received conditioning with fludarabine and low-dose total body irradiation followed by hematopoietic cell transplantation from an HLA-matched sibling donor. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Data were technically validated using published algorithms to evaluate donor relatedness, ancestry, imputed HLA, and T1D genetic risk score. (nature.com)
  • HLA-DR SE alleles can bind citrulline at its Course II MHC anchor positions, as well as the transformation of arginine to citrulline by PADI can raise the binding affinity. (azadright.com)
  • Molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulation, and immune simulation were performed to ensure the binding between HLA and TLR4. (springeropen.com)
  • However, systematic analysis of T cell immune responses to MAGE-A3 antigen and corresponding antigen-specific TCR is still lacking. (thno.org)
  • The primary endpoint was safety and tolerability, the secondary endpoint was induction of antigen specific immune responses monitored at baseline and at weeks 5, 9 and 17. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Circulating T cells reactive against NY-ESO-1, MART-1, gp100 and TYRP-1, were found in 12/23 pts expressing at least one of the HLA-A1, A2, -A3 or A24 alleles with induction or augmentation of TAA reactivity in the course of treatment. (bmj.com)
  • SafetyScan, an array-based screening technology for off-target reactivity, showed that TCR-200-A02-expressing CD3+ T cells did not cross-react with 108 out of 110 of the most common HLA types in the US population, allowing this TCR-T to be used in the vast majority of patients. (nationalstemcelltherapy.com)
  • Compared to other prostate cancer cell models, PC3 cells have low testosterone-5-alpha reductase and acidic phosphatase activity and do not express the prostate-specific antigen (PSA). (cytion.com)
  • In a normal antigen-induced T-cell response, 0.0001-0.001% of the body's T-cells are activated, but these SAgs can activate up to 20% of the body's T-cells. (microbiologynote.com)
  • Once secreted, superantigens engage with antigen-presenting cells without further processing. (microbiologynote.com)
  • Proinflammatory islet antigen reactive CD4 T cells are linked with response to alefacept in type 1 diabetes. (immunetolerance.org)
  • [ 16 ] A genetic predisposition has been suggested because of an increased prevalence of HLA-B8, HLA-DR3, and HLA-Drw52a. (medscape.com)
  • The HLA complex helps the immune system distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins made by foreign invaders such as viruses and bacteria. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This enhancement by superantigens is suppressible by both corticosteroids and cyclosporine, but typical antigen/hapten-induced enhancement is resistant to cyclosporine suppression. (microbiologynote.com)
  • Among the CD-IgA-D group, the B14 allele and A1, B8, Cw7, DR3, DQw2 haplotype were found to confer a high risk of developing IgA-D. A possible protective role may be postulated for DR2 and DR4 in both types of IgA-D patients. (nih.gov)
  • The serotype is determined by the antibody recognition of α1 subset of HLA-A α-chains. (wikipedia.org)
  • The following product was used in this experiment: HLA-DR Monoclonal Antibody (LN3), Super Bright™ 436, eBioscience™ from Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog # 62-9956-42, RRID AB_2744822. (thermofisher.com)
  • Within the early studies, A1 was found associate with or protected against some infectious diseases. (wikipedia.org)
  • The A1-B8-DR3-DQ2 haplotype has a known association with Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma, approximately 70% of patients are homozygotes for DQ2 with at least one copy of DR3-DQ2. (wikipedia.org)
  • The cell-based therapeutic vaccine Sipuleucel T targeting the antigen PAP has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2010 and recently by the European Medicines Agency for the treatment of asymptomatic - minimally symptomatic metastatic CRPC based on a median prolongation in overall survival by 4.1 months compared to placebo controls [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • CV9103 is a prostate-cancer vaccine containing self-adjuvanted mRNA (RNActive®) encoding the antigens PSA, PSCA, PSMA, and STEAP1. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The follow-up vaccine CV9104 including the additional antigens prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and Muc1 is currently being tested in a randomized phase IIb trial to assess the clinical benefit induced by this new vaccination approach. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The other alleles, A*01:02 and A*01:03, may confer specific risks. (wikipedia.org)
  • Unlikely most other HLA types, DR13 does not show any specific geographic pattern or associated with ethnic groups or Y-DNA haplogroup. (eupedia.com)
  • Smoking and having specific HLA-DR alleles (HLA-DR SE alleles) are both known risk elements for developing RA. (azadright.com)