EstersMYRISTIC ACIDEsteraseEnzymeHigh concentrationsSteroidCeramidesSide-chainsMembranesComplexLipidAlcoholExposureBenzoatePhospholipidsAlcoholsEthersTriglyceridePFASConcentrationsAndrogensHydrophobicChainsOrallyTriglyceridesDensity lipoproteinLipoprotein MetabolismDerivativesMembraneDietaryLipoproteinsExogenousMetabolismBiosynthesisLiverSerumBileChainWaxySteroidsBuildupHighLevelsCardiovascular diseaseBloodFound
Esters2
- Oleate and palmitoleate are major components of membrane phospholipids, cholesterol esters and alkyl-diacylglycerol. (wikipedia.org)
- Sterols may be found either as free sterols, acylated ( sterol esters ), alkylated ( steryl alkyl ethers ), sulfated ( sterol sulfate ), or linked to a glycoside moiety ( steryl glycosides) which can be itself acylated ( acylated sterol glycosides ). (gerli.com)
MYRISTIC ACID1
- Please note that nutmeg contains volatile oils comprised of alkyl benzene derivatives, terpenes and myristic acid. (ingenioushealth.com)
Esterase7
- p-Nitrophenyl and cholesteryl-N-alkyl carbamates are good inhibitors of porcine pancreatic cholesterol esterase-catalyzed hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl butyrate. (inrae.fr)
- The inhibition of cholesterol esterase by compound 1 or 2 shows saturation kinetics with increasing inhibitor concentration. (inrae.fr)
- The activity of cholesterol esterase in the presence of compound 1 or 2 can be protected by the competitive inhibitor, phenylboronic acid. (inrae.fr)
- First-order decreases in cholesterol esterase activity effected by compound 1 or 2 are also observed in the presence of taurocholate/phosphatidylcholine micelles. (inrae.fr)
- Hence, inhibition of cholesterol esterase-catalyzed hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl butyrate by compound 1 or 2 in the aqueous or micellar phase occurs via a carbamyl-cholesterol esterase mechanism. (inrae.fr)
- A comparison of the second-order rate constants for the inhibition of cholesterol esterase by compound 1 or 2 indicates that the octyl derivative is the more potent inhibitor. (inrae.fr)
- Cholesteryl-N-alkyl carbamates do not carbamylate cholesterol esterase but instead act as reversible inhibitors. (inrae.fr)
Enzyme2
- The enzyme is involved in degradation of the host's cholesterol. (expasy.org)
- The enzyme also accepts cholesterol as a substrate. (expasy.org)
High concentrations1
Steroid2
- Cholesterol, a four-ringed steroid with an alkyl side chain, is an important growth substrate for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) during infection. (ubc.ca)
- Using a variety of approaches, I elucidated key aspects of cholesterol catabolism in Mtb and other bacteria, particularly with respect to 3aα-H-4α(3'-propanoate)-7aβ-methylhexahydro-1,5-indane-dione (HIP), a metabolite that contains the last two steroid rings (C/D). Chapter 2 demonstrates that the first two steroid rings (A/B) are degraded prior to the side chain in mycobacteria and rhodococci. (ubc.ca)
Ceramides1
- Triple Lipid Restore 2:4:2 is an anti-aging cream that contains the optimal and patented lipid ratio of 2% pure ceramides 1 and 3, 4% natural cholesterol, and 2% fatty acids, which is proven to nourish skin and correct signs of aging. (skinceuticals.com)
Side-chains2
- Thus, a ΔhsaD mutant of Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 accumulated cholesterol-derived catabolites with partially degraded side-chains. (ubc.ca)
- The placeholder R is often used as a generic placeholder for alkyl group side chains in chemical structure diagrams. (absoluteastronomy.com)
Membranes1
- In particular, the impact of α-spinasterol on the structure and organization of lipid membranes was investigated and compared with those of cholesterol. (mdpi.com)
Complex1
- Cholesterol is a complex isoprenoid. (absoluteastronomy.com)
Lipid2
- This unique lipid correction cream contains the first 2:4:2 cholesterol-dominant ratio to help restore skin's external barrier and support natural self-repair, while potently nourishing aging skin for improvement in the visible appearance of skin smoothness, laxity, pores, and overall radiance. (skinceuticals.com)
- It must be noticed that the central role of cholesterol in atherogenesis has been proposed by a young Russian pathologist in Saint Petersburg in 1913 ( Steinberg D , J Lipid Res 2013, 54, 2946 ). (gerli.com)
Alcohol1
- It catalyzes the hydroxylation of the C-26 carbon, followed by oxidation of the alcohol to the carboxylic acid via the aldehyde intermediate, initiating the degradation of the alkyl side-chain of cholesterol. (expasy.org)
Exposure1
- High levels of PFAS exposure have been linked to various health outcomes including cancer and increased cholesterol levels.1 Existing research on occupational PFAS exposure is limited to only a few industries. (cdc.gov)
Benzoate1
- In this paper we report findings from in vitro and in vivo (uterotrophic) studies which confirm that a range of alkyl hydroxy benzoate preservatives (parabens) are weakly estrogenic. (researchgate.net)
Phospholipids3
- Lipoprotein consists of esterified and unesterified cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids and apolipoproteins. (healthycholesterolclub.com)
- These are neutral or negatively charged liposomes typically composed of only phospholipids, glycolipids, and/or cholesterol, without derivatization, to increase the circulation time. (pharmacy180.com)
- Cell membrane models have been used to evaluate the interactions of various imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) with Langmuir monolayers of two types of phospholipids and cholesterol. (ua.pt)
Alcohols1
- Because OH is the functional group of all alcohols, we often represent alcohols by the general formula ROH, where R is an alkyl group. (libretexts.org)
Ethers1
- Hexadecyl diglycerol ether (C16G2) and a series of poly(oxyethylene) alkyl ethers form, with an equimolar amount of cholesterol, a mixture of largely spherical and tubular niosomes. (ucl.ac.uk)
Triglyceride1
- Lipids = cholesterol and triglyceride - are insoluble in plasma and are transported in lipoproteins. (healthycholesterolclub.com)
PFAS5
- We measured the association between serum fluoroether and legacy PFAS levels and various cholesterol outcomes. (nih.gov)
- Participants in the GenX Exposure Study contributed nonfasting blood samples in November 2017 and May 2018 that were analyzed for 20 PFAS (10 legacy, 10 fluoroethers) and serum lipids [total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides] and calculated non-HDL cholesterol. (nih.gov)
- Widespread exposure to several per/polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) is associated with a wide array of toxicities. (nih.gov)
- PFAS was most frequently assessed in worker serum using a discrete analytical panel of PFAS, with earlier studies restricted to a few long-alkyl chain PFAS while more recent studies have included more expansive panels due to more robust methods. (cdc.gov)
- High levels of PFAS exposure have been linked to various health outcomes including cancer and increased cholesterol levels.1 Existing research on occupational PFAS exposure is limited to only a few industries. (cdc.gov)
Concentrations2
- 5.0E-06) concentrations of three metabolites (acyl-alkyl phosphatidylcholines [PCs]) when comparing mt-T2D with four control groups who were not using glucose-lowering oral medication. (ox.ac.uk)
- Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of ZDTPs, calcium alkyl phenates, and magnesium, sodium, and calcium sulphonates had significant effects on the reproductive organs of male rabbits (testicular atrophy and reduction or absence of spermatozoa) which appeared to be species specific. (cdc.gov)
Androgens3
- Prolonged use of high doses of orally active 17-alpha-alkyl androgens (eg, methyltestosterone) has been associated with peliosis hepatis, hepatic neoplasms, cholestatic hepatitis, and jaundice. (medscape.com)
- Thus, a number of oral androgens, such as 17-alpha-methyl testosterone, have 17-alpha-alkyl substitution. (gtclog.com)
- However, orally administered, 17-alpha alkylated androgens, are potentially hepatotoxic and markedly lower plasma HDL cholesterol. (gtclog.com)
Hydrophobic1
- Preference for either state depends on various characteristics of lipid components, including (1) the chain length of hydrophobic alkyl chain, (2) the degree of unsaturation of alkyl chain, and (3) the polar headgroup structure. (pharmacy180.com)
Chains4
- The coverage of the HILIC-IM-MS method is demonstrated in the analysis of Neuro2a neuroblastoma cells exposed to benzalkonium chlorides (BACs) with C10 or C16 alkyl chains, which we have previously shown to affect gene expression related to cholesterol and lipid homeostasis. (nih.gov)
- The placeholder R is often used as a generic placeholder for alkyl group side chains in chemical structure diagrams. (absoluteastronomy.com)
- Molecular dynamics simulations for DPPC monolayers at the surface of aqueous solutions of alkylimidazolium chloride ([C(n)mim]Cl) confirm the penetration of the IL cations with longer alkyl chains into the phospholid monolayer and provide information on their location and orientation within the monolayer. (ua.pt)
- Chlorogenic acid derivatives with alkyl chains of different lengths and orientations: potent alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. (nih.gov)
Orally1
- Adapted from Narayanan et al 2008 (2) and Bhasin et al 2006 (1) It was recognized in the 1940s that 17-alpha alkyl substitution retards the presystemic metabolism of testosterone, extending its half-life and making it orally active, testosterone pour femme achat. (gtclog.com)
Triglycerides4
- Triglycerides are formed in the intestinal cell from free fatty acids and glycerol and cholesterol is esterified. (healthycholesterolclub.com)
- Triglycerides and cholesterol combine to form chylomicrons. (healthycholesterolclub.com)
- VLDLs carry triglycerides and to a less degree, cholesterol, to your tissues. (healthycholesterolclub.com)
- Dyslipidemia is elevation of plasma cholesterol (hypercholesterolemia) and/or triglycerides (TGs) or a low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level that contributes to the development of atherosclerosis. (justia.com)
Density lipoprotein7
- Individualized care is of importance when considering long-term androgen replacement therapy, and may require monitoring of hemoglobin, hematocrit, liver function, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and prostate-specific antigen, as well as serum testosterone levels. (medscape.com)
- Low density lipoprotein is so called bad cholesterol as it delivers cholesterol to the body. (leaderbio-ingredients.com)
- High density lipoprotein is good cholesterol as it removes cholesterol from the bloodstream. (leaderbio-ingredients.com)
- There are two major lipoproteins which are involved in cholesterol transport: the low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL). (leaderbio-ingredients.com)
- High-density lipoprotein is the good cholesterol. (healthycholesterolclub.com)
- Low-density lipoprotein is the bad cholesterol. (healthycholesterolclub.com)
- In the blood, cholesterol is transported in lipoprotein particles, where the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (LDL-C) is considered "bad" cholesterol, while HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) is known as "good" cholesterol. (justia.com)
Lipoprotein Metabolism1
- The small molecule modulators of PCSK9 function can be used therapeutically to lower LDL-cholesterol levels in blood, and can be used in the prevention and/or treatment of cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism disorders, including familial hypercholesterolemia, atherogenic dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, and, more generally, cardiovascular disease (CVD). (justia.com)
Derivatives1
- Cholesterol is a kind of derivatives of cyclopentane multiple hydrogen phenanthrenes and is an important component of various parts of membrane phase structure and myelin cells of human being. (leaderbio-ingredients.com)
Membrane1
- 12. Control of P-glycoprotein activity by membrane cholesterol amounts and their relation to multidrug resistance in human CEM leukemia cells. (nih.gov)
Dietary4
- There are two sources of cholesterol with exogenous sources of cholesterol coming from dietary and endogenous sources coming from the body's own endogenous synthesis. (leaderbio-ingredients.com)
- Dietary cholesterol is absorbed in the form of chylomicrons into the bloodstream. (leaderbio-ingredients.com)
- Dietary cholesterol and fatty acids are absorbed. (healthycholesterolclub.com)
- Examples of steroids include the dietary fat cholesterol, the sex hormones estradiol and testosterone, and the anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone.The core. (absoluteastronomy.com)
Lipoproteins4
- Cholesterol is carried in the blood by proteins, by which proteins and cholesterol are combined and called lipoproteins. (leaderbio-ingredients.com)
- Because cholesterol can't be dissolved in water and transported in the form of binding with lipoproteins in the blood. (leaderbio-ingredients.com)
- Very low-density lipoproteins are another type of bad cholesterol. (healthycholesterolclub.com)
- They reported that these knockout mice showed increased hepatic LDLR protein (but not mRNA), increased clearance of circulating lipoproteins and reduced plasma cholesterol levels. (justia.com)
Exogenous1
- The increased exogenous cholesterol can cause feedback inhibition of endogenous cholesterol synthesis. (leaderbio-ingredients.com)
Metabolism1
- The establishment of a link between PCSK9 and cholesterol metabolism was rapidly followed by the discovery that selected mutations in the PCSK9 gene caused autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia (2), suggesting that the mutations confer a gain-of-function (3) by increasing the normal activity of PCSK9. (justia.com)
Biosynthesis2
- Squalene synthase catalyzes the biosynthesis of squalene, a key cholesterol precursor, through a reductive dimerization of two farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) molecules. (nih.gov)
- Because FPP is located at the final branch point in the isoprenoid biosynthesis pathway, its conversion to squalene through the action of squalene synthase represents the first committed step in the formation of cholesterol, making it an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. (nih.gov)
Liver3
- The former can transport cholesterol from the liver to the cells of whole body tissues, while the later one transports cholesterol from tissue cells back into the liver. (leaderbio-ingredients.com)
- It carries cholesterol back to your liver to be flushed out of your body. (healthycholesterolclub.com)
- These last 2 compounds lead to the formation of bile acids, cholic acid, and chenodeoxycholic acid from cholesterol in the liver. (medscape.com)
Serum1
- Detailed Notes Update Information about the Serum Cholesterol Data Serum Cholesterol Information Use of Special Terms, Serum Cholesterol Data Serum Cholesterol Data Summary Record Layout, Serum Cholesterol Data Detailed Notes, Serum Cholesterol Data Use of NHANES Data NCHS requests the cooperation of recipients of data tapes in certain actions related to their use: 1. (cdc.gov)
Bile6
- Cholesterol is needed for the body to work properly as it is useful in the production of hormones, vitamin D, and bile acids. (leaderbio-ingredients.com)
- Cholesterol is closely related to the body tissues, bile acids and hormones. (leaderbio-ingredients.com)
- Cholesterol can be metabolized into bile acids or steroids. (leaderbio-ingredients.com)
- The main physiological function of cholesterol participating in forming cell membranes, myelin, brain, and can be further converted to bile acids and steroid hormones. (leaderbio-ingredients.com)
- Cholesterol released from lysosomes in hepatocytes can be excreted into bile, converted into bile acids, incorporated into VLDL for secretion into the blood via the Golgi apparatus or esterified with long-chain fatty acids and stored in the hepatocyte. (healthycholesterolclub.com)
- Peroxisomes are also involved in the production of cholesterol, bile acids, and plasmalogens, which contribute to a big part of the phospholipid content of the brain white matter. (medscape.com)
Chain1
- For example, a C 18 saturated alkyl chain produces rigid bilayers with low permeability at room temperature. (pharmacy180.com)
Waxy1
- Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance, which is found in all cells of the body. (leaderbio-ingredients.com)
Steroids1
- In 1936, Callow RK and Young FG have designated steroids all compounds chemically related to cholesterol. (gerli.com)
Buildup1
- Two much cholesterol causes gradually buildup of fatty deposits in the blood vessels, leading to problems for blood flow, which could result in heart attack or stroke. (leaderbio-ingredients.com)
High3
- 1. Why high cholesterol levels help hematological malignancies: role of nuclear lipid microdomains. (nih.gov)
- The absorption of cholesterol also depends on the cholesterol intake with high intake causing reduction of the percentage of absorption. (leaderbio-ingredients.com)
- The absorption percentage of cholesterol in people at high levels of intake is less than 10% with the rest part excreted through the feces. (leaderbio-ingredients.com)
Levels3
- PFNA and PFOS were associated with higher levels of total and non-HDL cholesterol, with associations larger in magnitude among older adults. (nih.gov)
- Disclosed are compounds that modulate the physiological action of the proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9), and methods of using these modulators to reduce LDL-cholesterol levels and/or for the treatment and/or prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD), including treatment of hypercholesterolemia. (justia.com)
- CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that metformin intake activates AMPK and consequently suppresses FADS, which leads to reduced levels of the three acyl-alkyl PCs and LDL-C. Our findings suggest potential beneficial effects of metformin in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. (ox.ac.uk)
Cardiovascular disease1
- Lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities are extremely common in the general population and are regarded as a highly modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, due to the influence of cholesterol on atherosclerosis. (justia.com)
Blood2
- LDL carries cholesterol that accumulates as plaque inside blood vessels. (healthycholesterolclub.com)
- The reduction of these metabolites was also associated with a lowered blood level of LDL cholesterol (LDL-C). Variations of these three metabolites were significantly associated with 17 genes (including FADS1 and FADS2) and controlled by AMPK, a metformin target. (ox.ac.uk)
Found1
- Cholesterol is widely found and distributed in animal bodies, and is especially most abundant in the brain and nerve tissue. (leaderbio-ingredients.com)