Specifically, biomarkers such as carbon monoxide, cotinine, and anabasine, measured at regular intervals, can provide clinicians with much clearer, clinically relevant and actionable assessments of current tobacco use by their patients. (biomedcentral.com)
We compared these minor tobacco alkaloid levels to those of serum cotinine to assess their suitability as indicators of recent tobacco use at established cut points and found that their optimal cut point values would be lower than the established values. (cdc.gov)
Pooled urine (n = 64) and wastewater samples (n = 277), collected between 2009 and 2019 in Queensland, Australia, were analyzed for nicotine and its metabolites (cotinine and hydroxycotinine), as well as anabasine and anatabine. (bvsalud.org)
Triangulation of tobacco sales data and tobacco use estimated from either anabasine or cotinine showed that anabasine-based estimates were 5% higher than sales data, while cotinine-based estimates were between 2 and 28% higher. (bvsalud.org)
Nicotine and anabasine3
Examples include nicotine and anabasine which are found in plants of the genus Nicotiana including tobacco. (wikipedia.org)
The flute has been well sealed, inside and out, so that neither of the alkaloids in Nicotiana glauca (nicotine and anabasine) come into contact with the player. (dryadflutes.com)
Anatabine and anabasine2
Lastly, anatabine and anabasine are nicotine analogs in tobacco product, and are precursors for nitrosamines. (cdc.gov)
22nd Century is a plant biotechnology company whose proprietary technology allows for the levels of nicotine and other nicotinic alkaloids (e.g., nornicotine, anatabine and anabasine) in the tobacco plant to be decreased or increased through genetic engineering or plant breeding. (advfn.com)
Tobacco15
Nicotine is the primary tobacco-specific alkaloid in tobacco plants and tobacco smoke. (cdc.gov)
The biosynthesis of tropane and tobacco alkaloids has been extensively studied since the 1950's. (gla.ac.uk)
The introduction of this thesis contains descriptions of tropane alkaloid structure and occurrence, tobacco alkaloid structure and occurrence, pharmacology of tropane alkaloids, pharmacology of tobacco alkaloids and finally, the aims of the project. (gla.ac.uk)
A critical review of the biosynthesis of the tropane and tobacco alkaloids is presented in conjunction with a simplified description of the production and manipulation of transformed root cultures. (gla.ac.uk)
In addition the selectivity of the enzymes involved in tropane and tobacco alkaloid biosynthesis was studied. (gla.ac.uk)
Anabasine and anatabine are minor alkaloids in tobacco products and are precursors for tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs). (cdc.gov)
Weighted geometric means (GM) and geometric least squares means (LSM) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for urinary anabasine and anatabine categorized by tobacco-use status [cigarettes per day (CPD) and smoking frequency] and demographic characteristics. (cdc.gov)
Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method for determination of anabasine, anatabine and other tobacco alkaloids in urine of smokers and smokeless tobacco users. (ncats.io)
Anabasine and anatabine as biomarkers for tobacco use during nicotine replacement therapy. (ncats.io)
The addition of five minor tobacco alkaloids increases nicotine-induced hyperactivity, sensitization and intravenous self-administration in rats. (ncats.io)
Although tree tobacco does contain about one percent nicotine, it also has about 10 percent of anabasine, the alkaloid found in its leaves, stems and flowers. (americanoutdoor.guide)
Nicotine is a molecule, alkaloid, naturally produced by some Solanaceae, a family that not only comprises tobacco but also chili peppers, tomatoes, potatoes, eggplants or petunia. (freemanvapejuice.com)
Recently, the minor tobacco alkaloidsanabasine and anatabine have been suggested as more specific biomarkers for tobacco use since nicotine use can be from both tobacco and non-tobacco sources. (bvsalud.org)
This study aimed to provide an in-depth evaluation of the suitability of anabasine and anatabine as WBE biomarkers of tobacco and subsequently estimate their excretion factors for WBE applications. (bvsalud.org)
Our results provided concrete evidence to confirm the suitability of anabasine as a specific biomarker for monitoring tobacco use by WBE. (bvsalud.org)
Metabolites1
Nicotine-related alkaloids and metabolites as inhibitors of human cytochrome P-450 2A6. (ncats.io)
Nicotiana2
The biosynthesis of anabasine in Nicotiana transformed root cultures was examined by the feeding experiments with (R)-[1-2H]- and (S)-[1-2H]cadaverine and analysis by 2H n. m. r. spectroscopy. (gla.ac.uk)
This experiment has determined the optical purity of anabasine in Nicotiana transformed root cultures. (gla.ac.uk)
Urine2
This is the first time that anabasine and anatabine are reported for urine collected from a U.S. population-representative sample of NHANES study participants, providing a snapshot of exposure levels for adults who smoked during 2013-2014. (cdc.gov)
Anabasine performed as the better biomarker, showing a similar per capita load in pooled urine (2.2 ± 0.3 µg/day/person) and wastewater samples (2.3 ± 0.3 µg/day/person), while the per capita load of anatabine in wastewater was 50% higher than its load in urine. (bvsalud.org)
Betel1
An alkaloid obtained from the betel nut (Areca catechu), fruit of a palm tree. (bvsalud.org)
Urinary2
The concentrations of urinary anabasine and anatabine were measured in a representative sample of U.S. adults who smoked cigarettes (N = 770) during the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) study cycle, which was the first cycle where urinary anabasine and anatabine data became available. (cdc.gov)
Compared with non-daily smoking, daily smoking was associated with higher GMs for urinary anabasine (1.41 ng/mL vs. 6.28 ng/mL) and anatabine (1.62 ng/mL vs. 9.24 ng/mL). (cdc.gov)
Muscarine1
Perhaps there was a predator for which muscarine, psilocybin , mescaline , or other natural psychedelic alkaloids were well-equipped to defend. (tripsitter.com)
Fungi2
A toxic alkaloid found in Amanita muscaria (fly fungus) and other fungi of the Inocybe species. (harvard.edu)
For some insects and animals, the alkaloids we enjoy from plants and fungi may have the potential to kill. (tripsitter.com)
Found1
Pyridine alkaloids are a class of alkaloids, nitrogen-containing chemical compounds widely found in plants, that contain a pyridine ring. (wikipedia.org)
Organic1
Alkaloids extraction is achieved from crushed crops with organic solvents and distillation. (freemanvapejuice.com)
Cigarette1
It is estimated that 0.9 µg of anabasine was excreted per cigarette smoked. (bvsalud.org)
Natural1
Their effect on the production of the natural occurring alkaloids was examined. (gla.ac.uk)
Plants1
According to Dr. James Adams, co-author of Healing with Medicinal Plants of the West , "Anabasine is a compound similar in structure and activity to nicotine, but more toxic in terms of seizure induction. (americanoutdoor.guide)
Higher1
Smoking 20 CPD was associated with 3.6 higher anabasine GM and 4.8 higher anatabine GM compared with smoking <10 CPD. (cdc.gov)
Structure1
Alkaloids with a pyridine partial structure are usually further subdivided according to their occurrence and their biogenetic origin. (wikipedia.org)
Anatabine7
Anabasine and anatabine are minor alkaloids in tobacco products and are precursors for tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs). (nih.gov)
The concentrations of urinary anabasine and anatabine were measured in a representative sample of U.S. adults who smoked cigarettes (N = 770) during the 2013−2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) study cycle, which was the first cycle where urinary anabasine and anatabine data became available. (nih.gov)
Weighted geometric means (GM) and geometric least squares means (LSM) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for urinary anabasine and anatabine categorized by tobacco-use status [cigarettes per day (CPD) and smoking frequency] and demographic characteristics. (nih.gov)
Lastly, anatabine and anabasine are nicotine analogs in tobacco product, and are precursors for nitrosamines. (cdc.gov)
Smoking 20 CPD was associated with 3.6 higher anabasine GM and 4.8 higher anatabine GM compared with smoking <10 CPD. (cdc.gov)
Compared with non-daily smoking, daily smoking was associated with higher GMs for urinary anabasine (1.41 ng/mL vs. 6.28 ng/mL) and anatabine (1.62 ng/mL vs. 9.24 ng/mL). (cdc.gov)
This is the first time that anabasine and anatabine are reported for urine collected from a U.S. population-representative sample of NHANES study participants, providing a snapshot of exposure levels for adults who smoked during 2013-2014. (cdc.gov)
Precursors1
The contents of nornicotine, anabasine, NNN, NNK, NAT, total TSNAs and the nicotine of mainstream cigarette smoke decreased, and the contents of amino acids and the precursors of alkaloids increased in grafted tobacco. (biomedcentral.com)
The presence of anabasine and nornicotine anabasine greater than 10 ng/mL or nornicotine greater than 30 ng/mL in urine indicates active use of a tobacco product, regardless of whether the individual is using nicotine replacement therapy. (clinlabnavigator.com)
Pyridine alkaloids are a class of alkaloids, nitrogen-containing chemical compounds widely found in plants, that contain a pyridine ring. (wikipedia.org)
Alkaloids with a pyridine partial structure are usually further subdivided according to their occurrence and their biogenetic origin. (wikipedia.org)
Amino acids1
Most alkaloids are biosynthetically gotten from amino acids. (purkh.com)
Nicotine is a stimulant and potent parasympathomimetic alkaloid that accounts for 96-98% of alkaloid content. (biomedcentral.com)
Nicotine is a stimulant and potent parasympathomimetic alkaloid found in the nightshade family of plants, Solanaceae , and a stimulant drug present in tobacco [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
An indolizidine alkaloid from the plant Swainsona canescens that is a potent alpha-mannosidase inhibitor. (harvard.edu)
Tobacco smoke1
Nicotine is the primary tobacco-specific alkaloid in tobacco plants and tobacco smoke. (cdc.gov)
Organic1
Alkaloids are a class of naturally occurring organic compounds that primarily contain basic nitrogen atoms [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Plant4
Alkaloids can be portrayed as results of auxiliary plant digestion like other complex regular mixtures like flavonoids, terpenoids, and steroids. (purkh.com)
For quite a while, it has by and large been acknowledged that alkaloids are final results of digestion and are side-effects of the plant. (purkh.com)
To evaluate the effectiveness of an alkaloid derivative of the plant Cytisus laburnum L., or golden rain tree, known as cytisine (not to be confused with cytosine or cysteine), a review of the literature and a meta-analysis were conducted. (medscape.com)
In fact, recent reviews of options for smoking cessation [ 1 ] make no mention of either cytisine or varenicline, a drug derived from this plant alkaloid approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration in May 2006. (medscape.com)
Minor1
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Opiate Alkaloids" by people in this website by year, and whether "Opiate Alkaloids" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (jefferson.edu)
Unique1
Normal mixtures containing nitrogen in the exocyclic position are generally named amines as opposed to as alkaloids, but alkaloids are considered as unique instance of amines. (purkh.com)
Primary1
In light of the primary variety of alkaloids, there is no single strategy for their extraction from regular natural substances. (purkh.com)
Time1
Alkaloids are much of the time ordered by their atomic skeleton. (purkh.com)
Human1
Numerous alkaloids are components of human eating routine, both in food and beverages. (purkh.com)
Greater1
The greater part of the known elements of alkaloids is connected with insurance. (purkh.com)