Other traditional uses include the removal of tapeworms and other intestinal parasites by swallowing a few teaspoons of powdered areca nut, drunk as a decoction, or by taking tablets containing the extracted alkaloids. (wikipedia.org)
Arecoline (/əˈrɛkəliːn/) is a nicotinic acid-based mild parasympathomimetic stimulant alkaloid found in the areca nut, the fruit of the areca palm (Areca catechu). (translatum.gr)
What would be the proper procedure to extract and isolate arecoline, an alkaloid ester, from the seed of the Areca nut, and is it possible to mass produce arecoline using that method? (stackexchange.com)
Both polyphenol and alkaloid fractions of areca nut were able to induce TGF-beta signaling and its downstream targets. (iisc.ac.in)
Moreover, both polyphenols and alkaloids induced TGF-beta 2 and THBS1 (activator of latent TGF-beta) in HaCaT cells suggesting areca nut mediated activation of p-SMAD2 involves up-regulation and activation of TGF-beta. (iisc.ac.in)
and three main alkaloids ("areca alkaloids") -arecoline, arecaidine, and guvacine-all of which have vasoconstricting properties. (wikipedia.org)
Also, SMAD-2 was phosphorylated following treatment of HaCaT cells by Catechin, Tannin and alkaloids namely Arecoline, Arecaidine and Guvacine. (iisc.ac.in)
a toxic alkaloid used as a veterinary anthelmintic. (absp.org.uk)
A toxic alkaloid found in Amanita muscaria (fly fungus) and other fungi of the Inocybe species. (harvard.edu)
Tannins1
The nut contains a stimulating alkaloid, arecoline, and tannins, which give it an astringent taste. (innvista.com)
Betel nuts1
Betel nuts are chewed for their effects as a mildly euphoric stimulant, attributed to the presence of relatively high levels of psychoactive alkaloids and terpeneols. (findmeacure.com)
Stimulant1
Arecoline Hydrobromide, a commercial salt, is a stronger stimulant to the salivary glands than Pilocarpine and a more energetic laxative than Eserine. (findmeacure.com)
Fibroblasts1
Alkaloids in betel nut (such as ARECOLINE ) cause chemical irritation and stimulate collagen synthesis and the proliferation of buccal mucosa fibroblasts. (drsharadent.com)
Mechanistic2
Crotonaldehyde and arecoline were classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B) on the basis of strong mechanistic evidence. (who.int)
However, the mechanistic correlation between arecoline and hepatocellular cancer remains elusive. (biomedcentral.com)
Muscarine1
Perhaps there was a predator for which muscarine, psilocybin , mescaline , or other natural psychedelic alkaloids were well-equipped to defend. (tripsitter.com)
Substances1
however asthmatic subjects seem to be particularly sensitive to bronchoconstrictor effects of this alkaloid and possibly other substances contained in nut. (vibore.com)
Induce2
Oral epithelium plays important roles in OSF, and arecoline has been shown to induce TGF-beta in epithelial cells. (iisc.ac.in)
A low concentration arecoline can induce the proliferation and migration of HepG2 cells, with the potential mechanism of action linked to high levels of exosomal miR-21 and miR-1267, activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway, upregulation of CDK1 and CCND1, and downregulation of RAF1. (biomedcentral.com)
Proliferation2
Here, we investigated the effect of arecoline on the proliferation and migration of human HepG2 hepatoma cells and its potential oncogenic mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)
Compared with control group, 2.5 µM arecoline treatment increased the proliferation and migration ability of the HepG2 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Pilocarpine1
Arecoline resembles Pilocarpine in its effects on the system. (findmeacure.com)
Nicotine1
Various compounds present in the nut, including arecoline (the primary psychoactive ingredient which is similar to nicotine), contribute to histologic changes in the oral mucosa. (wikipedia.org)
Fungi1
For some insects and animals, the alkaloids we enjoy from plants and fungi may have the potential to kill. (tripsitter.com)
Found2
[ 16 ] In one study, arecoline was found to elevate the mRNA and protein expression of cystatin C, a nonglycosylated basic protein consistently up-regulated in a variety of fibrotic diseases, in a dose-dependent manner in persons with oral submucous fibrosis. (medscape.com)
A double-blind study found that inhalation of arecoline (the major constituent of nut) caused bronchoconstriction in 6 of 7 asthmatics, and 1 of 6 healthy control subjects (See reference number 1). (vibore.com)
Roles1
We further investigated the roles of these predicted markers by treating human hepatoma HepG2 cultures with arecoline. (biomedcentral.com)
Oral2
Arecoline is a well-known risk factor for oral submucosal fibrosis and cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
Arecoline is a known risk factor for oral cancer and a potential risk factor for cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer (HCC). (biomedcentral.com)
Properties1
It is an alkaloid with curarimimetic properties. (bvsalud.org)
Active1
Nine alkaloids constitute the active ingredients of betel nut ( Reference Farnworth Farnworth, 1976 ), the most abundant of which is arecoline - a potent muscarinic agonist that rapidly crosses the blood-brain barrier and induces a range of parasympathetic effects ( Reference Asthana, Greig and Holloway Asthana et al , 1996 ). (cambridge.org)
Human1
The mutagenicity and genotoxicity of RAN-alkaloids has been demonstrated in several short-term assays, and it has been suggested that RAN should be considered a human carcinogen since it induces preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions in experimental animals [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Studies2
Despite these studies, much remains to be clarified about how arecoline may contribute to HCC. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition a variety of compounds have been isolated (alkaloids, glycosides, terpenes, flovonoids, etc) but further studies need to be done so as these 'leads' to develop into clinically useful medicines. (gotomydoctor.com)
Effects1
It is chewed for euphoric effects of major constituent, arecoline, a cholinergic alkaloid, which appears to be absorbed through mucous membrane of mouth. (vibore.com)
Data2
In the present study, we used bioinformatics approaches to analyze the miRNA expression data of arecoline-induced cancer from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and identified the target genes of the differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) compared to healthy volunteers. (biomedcentral.com)
We compared the genome-wide miRNA expression profiles of whole blood-derived RNA samples between patients with arecoline-induced cancer and healthy volunteers using the raw data in the NCBI GEO databases ( http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo ). (biomedcentral.com)
Levels1
Treatment with 2.5 µM arecoline increased the levels of miR-21-3p, miR-21-5p and miR-1267, upregulated the expression of PI3K-AKT pathway factors, CDK1, CCND1 but decreased RAF1 expression. (biomedcentral.com)
Cells1
These DE-miRNAs, hub genes and pathway were proved in arecoline-treated HepG2 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
High1
High performance liquid chromatographic determination of the alkaloids in betel nut. (ijcmph.com)
Plant1
The primary medical ingredient derived from the Bacopa Monnieri plant is the bacopa-sap-onins alkaloid. (cheatography.com)