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Comet AssayDNA DamageAgrochemicalsRadiationMicronucleus TestsMutagenicity TestsMutagensGamma RaysDNA RepairLymphocytesDose-Response Relationship, RadiationRadiation ToleranceLeukocytesOxidative StressDNACell SurvivalDose-Response Relationship, DrugDNA-Formamidopyrimidine GlycosylaseMeteoroidsAntimutagenic AgentsCosmic DustGenomic InstabilityEncyclopedias as TopicAmyotrophic Lateral SclerosisMyotonic DystrophyNeuromuscular DiseasesMedulloblastomaCerebellar NeoplasmsBrain NeoplasmsGlioblastomaCell HypoxiaAnoxiaGlioma
ElectrophoresisEnzyme-modified comet assayVitroVivoGenotoxicityCryopreservationToxicologyDetectRecurrent MiscarriageGenotoxicNeutralLymphocyteTailDetectsReactiveOxidative stressGeneBreaksResultsAndrew CollinsCellCellsAbsorbed doseExperimentsHarmTargetParametersMeasurePositiveLevelPresentIncreaseAnalysis
Electrophoresis5
  • The Comet Assay (also called Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis) is used to assess DNA damage and repair in individual cells. (neb.com)
  • Single cell gel electrophoresis assay (comet assay) for evaluating manoparticles-induced DNA damage in cells. (cdc.gov)
  • Single cell gel electrophoresis assay (SCGE) or comet assay gained in popularity as a standard technique and is widely used for testing novel particles or chemicals for genotoxicity, monitoring environmental contamination with genotoxins, human biomonitoring and molecular epidemiology, and fundamental research in DNA damage and repair. (cdc.gov)
  • Cell DNA fragments assume a "comet with tail" formation on electrophoresis and are detected with an image analysis system. (edu.au)
  • SDF was analysed using alkaline and neutral Comet assay, SCD test and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and ROC analysis including data from 105 more infertile patients (n = 150) was performed to establish predictive threshold values. (fertiliberica.es)
Enzyme-modified comet assay1
Vitro6
  • Therefore, this study was performed in lyophilized SO samples before and after an in vitro digestion to obtain total phenolic content (TPC) by Folin-Ciocalteu assay and characterize its phenolic profile by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS with methanolic extracts. (unav.edu)
  • In this report, in vitro assays are considered validated when their results have been proven to predict a specific effect in animals and/or humans with reasonable certainty (not necessarily universally accepted or without detractors). (nationalacademies.org)
  • Next is a description of validated in vitro assays-assays that are accepted for use in predicting effects on whole organisms. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Several annexes present information on genetic toxicology experiments, examples of validated in vitro assays, and a description of new in vitro methods that are evolving in toxicology. (nationalacademies.org)
  • The in vitro functions of CAND1, FBXO11 and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (hnRNPA2B1) were measured by cell proliferation, colony formation and migration assays. (bvsalud.org)
  • The Comet assay has previously been shown to improve the diagnosis of unexplained infertility and the prediction of the outcome of both Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) and In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF) fertility treatments. (examenlab.com)
Vivo3
  • On 30 June 22, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) published Test #470: Mammalian Erythrocyte Pig-a Gene Mutation Assay , a Test Guideline (TG) that describes an in vivo gene mutation assay that can be combined with other genetic and general toxicology tests to promote the efficient use of animal resources. (hesiglobal.org)
  • DNA damage risk assessment in comet assay by the use of buccal mucosa cells has great advantages in comparison with other cell type sample due to more safely, easier, cheaper, and non-invasive method for in vivo studies. (intechopen.com)
  • According to the OECD Guidelines, the in vivo mammalian alkaline comet assay is well-established and validated method for measuring DNA strand breaks in single eukaryotic cells. (intechopen.com)
Genotoxicity3
  • The results of the SCG assay indicate that this technique is sensitive to DNA damage resulting from mining sediment and that it may be used as an indicator of the genotoxicity of such environmental pollutants. (carroll.edu)
  • Also, genotoxicity of AuNPL in HaCaT cells was investigated by the single cell alkaline comet assay. (ac.rs)
  • Based mostly upon the alkaline comet assay extracts had been discovered to induce genotoxicity at concentrations starting from 0.437 to 7 μg/ml. (esb-itathematic.it)
Cryopreservation1
Toxicology1
  • This TG is the culmination of fruitful discussions over more than a decade among HESI Genetic Toxicology Technical Committee (GTTC) Pig‐a Workgroup members who contributed directly to the Pig-a Assay Detailed Review Paper , the Pig-a Assay Retrospective Validation Report , the draft OECD TG, the OECD Expert Working Group, as wells as the recent GTTC best practices Review Paper . (hesiglobal.org)
Detect4
  • Here, we describe the method of alkaline comet assay to detect nanoparticle -induced DNA damage. (cdc.gov)
  • A scratch test/wound healing assay was used to detect the cell migration ability. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • A Transwell assay was used to detect the cell invasion ability. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • So the neutral and the alkaline comet assays detect both single- and double-strand breaks, and it is impossible to distinguish between them. (icawg.com)
Recurrent Miscarriage1
  • Belfast, UK, 26th October 2020 / A new study demonstrates that sperm DNA damage, measured by Exact ® tests using an alkaline Comet assay, acts as a reliable biomarker for sporadic and recurrent miscarriage in both spontaneous and assisted conception. (examenlab.com)
Genotoxic2
  • Comet assay provides a rapid and reliable way to screen genotoxic effects of a wide variety of nanoparticle s. (cdc.gov)
  • The alkaline comet assay and the micronucleus assay were used to ascertain dose and time-dependent genotoxic effects. (arasysperfector.com)
Neutral1
  • SDF for alkaline and neutral Comet, and the SCD test was analysed in these categories of individuals. (fertiliberica.es)
Lymphocyte1
  • At the end of a total of 45 days of exposure, mice weresacrificed, implantation sites were monitored, blood was processed to study stress parame-ters (hemoglobin, RBC and WBC count, and neutrophil/lymphocyte (N/L) ratio), the brainwas processed for comet assay, and plasma was used for nitric oxide (NO), progesterone andestradiol estimation. (nomedicalcare.com)
Tail4
  • In addition, MMP-2 gene silencing using pMMP-2 decreased comet tail length in irradiated HDFs but increased in irradiated MCF-7 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Comets from undamaged cells have tightly packed, supercoiled DNA and no tail. (icawg.com)
  • This technique detects DNA fragments which, when electrophoresed, migrate from the nucleus of erythrocytes forming a "comet-with-tail. (carroll.edu)
  • Five hundred cells per slide were visually evaluated in the comet assay and comet tail factor (CTF) was calculated. (arasysperfector.com)
Detects1
  • The assay detects single and double-stranded DNA breaks by measuring the migration of DNA from individual nuclei following alkaline treatment. (neb.com)
Reactive1
  • 2007]. We've reported that carbon dark had not been cytotoxic previously, but generated reactive air types (ROS) in mobile and acellular assays [Jacobsen et al. (healthcarecoremeasures.com)
Oxidative stress2
  • The hippocampus of brain samples was collected at the end of the experiment and measuring oxidative stress markers (CAT, SOD, MDA and NO), inflammatory mediators (IL-6 and BDNF), histopathological examination and comet assay. (bmrat.org)
  • In general, oxidative stress parameters, inflammatory mediator, neurotrophic factor, pathological examination and comet were degenerate against HHcy but did not differ significantly compared to AJ group. (bmrat.org)
Gene1
  • This study evaluated the effect of matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) gene silencing using MMP-2 shRNA expression plasmids (pMMP-2) on IR induced cytotoxicity and DNA damage by MTT, dead green, γH2AX and comet assays in human normal dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Breaks1
  • Do you need to use alkaline conditions to see single strand breaks? (icawg.com)
Results2
  • This results in differing cytotoxic responses that are influenced by the nature of target cells, assay types and concentrations of ATZ. (frontiersin.org)
  • The results demonstrate the usefulness of the comet assay as a measure of X-ray damage to lymphocytes in a clinical setting. (irb.hr)
Andrew Collins2
  • This protocol of Dr. Andrew Collins is from the Comet Assay Interest Group web site at http://cometassay.com/ . (neb.com)
  • One such network connection will start in 2016 as a COST project under the name "hCOMET-The comet assay as a human biomonitoring tool" launched by Prof. Andrew Collins. (intechopen.com)
Cell3
  • An MTT assay was used to assess cell proliferation. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • I used an alkaline single-cell gel (SCG) "comet" assay to quantify DNA fragmentation. (carroll.edu)
  • AuNPL cytotoxicity against HeLa, human malignant melanoma A375, and normal human keratinocytes HaCaT cells was tested by MTT cell survival assay, and their IC50 values were determined. (ac.rs)
Cells5
  • In order to have widespread acceptance and credibility in human population studies, the comet assay in buccal cells requires standardization of the protocol, of parameters analyzed, and a better knowledge of critical features affecting the assay outcomes, including the definition of the values of spontaneous DNA damage. (intechopen.com)
  • There is a need for further collaborative work as in the HUMN (micronucleus assay on lymphocytes) and HUMNxL (micronucleus assay on buccal cells) collaborative projects. (intechopen.com)
  • For this purpose, we focused on the level of DNA damage of cryopreserved fish blood cells (Salmo cenerinus, Salmo marmoratus, Alburnus alburnus) by using the comet assay. (ac.rs)
  • In the micronucleus assay 1,000 binucleated cells were evaluated per assay. (arasysperfector.com)
  • Conversely, alkaline comet and γH2AX foci formation assays show that Foxm1-null cells are hypersensitive to DNA damage, epirubicin and γ-irradiation. (uandes.cl)
Absorbed dose1
  • The aim of this work is to assess DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes of children prior to and following airway X-ray examinations of the chest using the alkaline comet assay and to compare data with the measured absorbed dose. (irb.hr)
Experiments1
  • RNA-Seq and lipidomic assays followed by serial biochemical experiments including mass spectrometry, immunoprecipitation and GST pull-down were performed to dissect the underlying mechanisms. (bvsalud.org)
Harm2
  • The seriousness of harm predicted by a given assay is then pointed out as an important consideration. (nationalacademies.org)
  • DNA harm produced by extracts was affirmed utilizing a modified comet assay with the enzymes Endo III and FPG in a focus dependent method. (esb-itathematic.it)
Target1
  • We also identify BRIP1 as a direct transcription target of FOXM1 by promoter analysis and chromatin-immunoprecipitation assay. (uandes.cl)
Parameters1
  • Utilising Comet technology, Exact tests provide important diagnosis parameters for unexplained infertility, indicate the likelihood of success of IVF or ICSI, and now Exact tests provide an important measure to diagnose miscarriage in all scenarios. (examenlab.com)
Measure1
Positive1
  • Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. transgene, thus allowing for determination of the mutation frequency based on a positive selection assay for a defective useful cII repressor [Jacobsen et al. (healthcarecoremeasures.com)
Level2
  • For analyzing the level of DNA damage alkaline comet assay was used. (ac.rs)
  • An alkaline Comet assay was used to calculate the average level of sperm DNA damage (average comet score), the proportion of sperm with low DNA damage (low comet score) and the proportion with high DNA damage (high comet score) as measures of sperm DNA quality. (examenlab.com)
Present1
  • b) fluorescence-based binding assay present citalopram inhibits CalDAG-GEFI-mediated nucleotide exchange of Rap1B. (morainetownshipdems.org)
Increase1
  • In addition, I found a statistically significant increase in "comet" length-to-width ratios from 1.06 for those maintained in sand to 1.34 for those maintained in mining sediment. (carroll.edu)
Analysis1
  • The Exact tests are powered by Examen's proprietary COMET technology, previously known as SpermComet ® , the most comprehensive sperm DNA analysis currently available and able to deliver an accurate assessment of sperm DNA damage for fertility diagnosis and information that can predict the outcome of IVF and ICSI fertility treatment. (examenlab.com)