• Monosaccharides and disaccharides, the smallest (lower molecular weight) carbohydrates, are commonly referred to as sugars. (wikipedia.org)
  • While the scientific nomenclature of carbohydrates is complex, the names of the monosaccharides and disaccharides very often end in the suffix -ose, which was originally taken from the word glucose (from Ancient Greek γλεῦκος (gleûkos) 'wine, must'), and is used for almost all sugars, e.g. fructose (fruit sugar), sucrose (cane or beet sugar), ribose, lactose (milk sugar), etc. (wikipedia.org)
  • In food science and in many informal contexts, the term "carbohydrate" often means any food that is particularly rich in the complex carbohydrate starch (such as cereals, bread and pasta) or simple carbohydrates, such as sugar (found in candy, jams, and desserts). (wikipedia.org)
  • In the strict sense, "sugar" is applied for sweet, soluble carbohydrates, many of which are used in human food. (wikipedia.org)
  • sugar) are the simplest carbohydrates . (wikidoc.org)
  • From the chemical structure, carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes, ketones or their polymers. (chemicalbook.com)
  • Monosaccharides are simplest carbohydrates, a polyhydroxy aldehydes or polyhydroxy ketones which can not be hydrolyzed any more. (chemicalbook.com)
  • Optically active polyhydroxy aldehydes (aldcses) or ketones (ketoses) or compounds which on hydrolysis give these units are known as carbohydrates. (aglasem.com)
  • Based upon reducing and non-reducing properties, carbohydrates are classified as reducing and non-reducing sugars. (aglasem.com)
  • Monosaccharides are the building blocks of disaccharides like sucrose (common sugar) and polysaccharides (such as cellulose and starch ). (wikidoc.org)
  • File:Alpha-D-Fructofuranose.svg With few exceptions (e.g., deoxyribose ), monosaccharides have the chemical formula (CH 2 O) n + m with the chemical structure H(CHOH) n C=O(CHOH) m H. If n or m is zero, it is an aldehyde and is termed an aldose , otherwise it is a ketone and is termed a ketose . (wikidoc.org)
  • Monosaccharides contain either a ketone or aldehyde functional group , and hydroxyl groups on most or all of the non- carbonyl carbon atoms . (wikidoc.org)
  • Most monosaccharides form cyclic structures, which predominate in aqueous solution, by forming hemiacetals or hemiketals (depending on whether they are aldoses or ketoses) between an alcohol and the carbonyl group of the same sugar. (wikidoc.org)
  • The term sugar is the generic term for any disaccharides and monosaccharides. (chromadex.com)
  • The term simple sugars denote to the monosaccharides. (chromadex.com)
  • The term table sugar or granulated sugar actually refers to sucrose, which is a disaccharide made of two monosaccharides: glucose and fructose. (chromadex.com)
  • We offer a range of commonly-used sugars for research, diagnostics and industrial manufacturing, including monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides and derivatives. (glentham.com)
  • Common sugar in glycosides is -D-glucose, Other sugars (like pentoses and deoxy-hexoses) Sugar derivatives (e.g. uronic acids such as glucuronic acid in glycyrrhizin) are also found. (slideshare.net)
  • Definition Glycosides are non-reducing organic compounds that on hydrolysis with acids or enzymes yield: 1- A sugar part (or glycone, formed of one or more sugar units). (slideshare.net)
  • Glucosamine is an amino sugar and a prominent precursor in the biochemical synthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids. (chemenu.com)
  • Among them, some esters were strongly related to biological ageing, aldehydes and acids to oxidative ageing, and lactones to mixed ageing. (bvsalud.org)
  • Sugars appear in human diet mainly as table sugar (sucrose, extracted from sugarcane or sugar beets), lactose (abundant in milk), glucose and fructose, both of which occur naturally in honey, many fruits, and some vegetables. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sucrose is most abundant in plants and known as cane sugar or table sugar or invert sugar as equimolar mixture of glucose and fructose is obtained by hydrolysis of sucrose. (aglasem.com)
  • ② To study the relationship of saccharide and life is because proteins, nucleic acids often inseparable from sugar in the body. (chemicalbook.com)
  • Sucrose is the form of sugar that many people are familiar with. (chromadex.com)
  • to glycosidic linkage: They contain free -OH group (in O-glycosides), free NH (in N-glycosides), free SH(in S- glycosides)  The common linkage between the sugar part and the aglycone is an oxygen linkage connecting the reducing group of a sugar and an alcoholic or a phenolic hydroxyl group of the aglycone to give O-glycosides. (slideshare.net)
  • The term is most common in biochemistry, where it is a synonym of saccharide (from Ancient Greek σάκχαρον (sákkharon) 'sugar'), a group that includes sugars, starch, and cellulose. (wikipedia.org)
  • In these processes, a tricoordinate boronic ester initially serves as a protective group for a sugar-derived 1,2- or 1,3-diol motif, permitting functionalization of free OH groups. (acs.org)
  • The processed chestnuts exhibited higher aldehyde, ester, and alkene concentrations, while N2 packaging was more favorable to flavor elicitation and retention. (bvsalud.org)
  • After hydrolysis the sugar part has reducing characters. (slideshare.net)
  • They cannot be hydrolyzed into simpler sugars. (wikidoc.org)
  • Latin Saccharum = sugar) due to sweet taste of simpler members. (aglasem.com)
  • Some of these terms, especially "carbohydrate" and "sugar", are also used with other meanings. (wikipedia.org)
  • It also includes dietary fiber which is a carbohydrate but which does not contribute food energy in humans, even though it is often included in the calculation of total food energy just as though it did (i.e., as if it were a digestible and absorbable carbohydrate such as a sugar). (wikipedia.org)
  • Glucose is a simple sugar and an important carbohydrate in biology. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • Sugars are an essential structural component of living cells and a source of energy in many organisms. (chromadex.com)
  • Table sugar, milk, or honey are often added to drinks and many prepared foods such as jam, biscuits and cakes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Glycosides Dr. Mostafa Hegazy The sugar moiety in glycosides consists of either : 1- A monosaccharide molecule (e.g. glucose, rhamnose. (slideshare.net)
  • Sugar widely present in the plant kingdom and it is a major component of plant material which plays an important role in physiological and biochemical processes in plants. (chemicalbook.com)
  • Sugars are classified based on the number of monomeric units present. (chromadex.com)
  • They consist of one sugar and are usually colorless, water - soluble , crystalline solids. (wikidoc.org)
  • Short chain carbohydrate molecules that have hydroxyl groups attached to each carbon atom unit with the exception of one carbon that has a doubly-bond aldehyde or ketone oxygen. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cyclical sugar molecules are formed when the aldehyde or ketone groups respectively form a hemiacetal or hemiketal bond with one of the hydroxyl carbons. (bvsalud.org)
  • PET/CAT fused scan Tells Structure (CAT) How Much Sugar the Cancer Consumes (PET- using F Deoxyglucose Uptake)- We believe using a Multi-Modality approach and to Encourage People to Empower Themselves to "Starve the Cancer Cell by using" by using Calorie Restricted Optimal Nutrition Ketosis and Medium Chain Fatty Acids which can "starve the cancers" for a finite time before cancer mutation and adaptation. (yufoundation.org)
  • Therefore, biosynthesis of branched-chain sugar from low-cost and abundant carbon sources is essential. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A multi-enzyme reaction system composed of formolase, DHA kinase, RhaD, fructose-1-phosphatase, and polyphosphate kinase was constructed to in vitro produce dendroketose, a branched-chain sugar, from one-carbon formaldehyde. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Catalytic asymmetric addition of carbon nucleophiles (donor) to ketones (acceptor) is a fundamental approach to construct new tetrasubstituted stereogenic carbon centers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Preparation of 4-amino-1,6-anhydro-4-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranose. (cas.cz)
  • Enantiospecific and Diastereoselective Preparation of Synthetic Equivalents of 2,4-Deoxy-2-amino-L-threose and -L-erythrose from (S) Ethyl beta-Hydroxybutyrate. (unige.it)
  • One "neglected interventional approach" to cancer treatment is its inherent defect in cancer mitochondrial metabolism evidenced by PET Scan using Fluro Deoxy Glucose uptake which shows areas of hypoxia (poor oxygenation) relies more on Fermentation or Glycolysis as in breast cancers . (yufoundation.org)
  • Some of these terms, especially "carbohydrate" and "sugar", are also used with other meanings. (wikipedia.org)
  • Asymmetric aldol-type C-C bond formation with ketones used as electrophilic receptor remains a challenging reaction for aldolases as biocatalysts. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mitochondrial Metabolic Approach By Blocking Cancer (PET/CAT Scan Positive Uptake of FlouroDeoxyglucose sugar) and Shifting to a nutritional diet of Medium & Longer Chain Fatty Acid Fuels (by Beta Oxidation). (yufoundation.org)
  • To date, only one kind of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP)-dependent aldolases has been discovered and applied to synthesize branched-chain sugars directly using DHAP and dihydroxyacetone (DHA) as substrate. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, to date, only two aldolases that can use ketones as acceptors have been reported. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the strict sense, "sugar" is applied for sweet, soluble carbohydrates, many of which are used in human food. (wikipedia.org)
  • The wide application of processed foods, such as various baked food and yogurt, further exaggerate the increase of "invisible sugar" intake. (frontiersin.org)
  • It also includes dietary fiber which is a carbohydrate but which does not contribute food energy in humans, even though it is often included in the calculation of total food energy just as though it did (i.e., as if it were a digestible and absorbable carbohydrate such as a sugar). (wikipedia.org)