• aldose reductase inhibitor, PPAR. (metu.edu.tr)
  • 2. Oka M, Matsumoto Y, Sugiyama S, Tsuruta N, Matsushima M. (2000) A potent aldose reductase inhibitor, (2S,4S)-6-fluoro-2', 5'-dioxospiro[chroman-4,4'-imidazolidine]-2-carboxamide (Fidarestat): its absolute configuration and interactions with the aldose reductase by X-ray crystallography. (guidetopharmacology.org)
  • 3. Singh SB, Malamas MS, Hohman TC, Nilakantan R, Carper DA, Kitchen D. (2000) Molecular modeling of the aldose reductase-inhibitor complex based on the X-ray crystal structure and studies with single-site-directed mutants. (guidetopharmacology.org)
  • functions as an effective inhibitor of AR, exhibiting potent effects in clearing reactive aldehydes and reducing inflammation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Diabetic-like retinopathy in rats prevented with an aldose reductase inhibitor. (koreamed.org)
  • For the review of medical treatment, randomized studies comparing intensive insulin treatment with conventional insulin therapy were selected, as were double-blind, randomized, controlled trials of aldose-reductase inhibitor therapy and antiplatelet therapy in patients with diabetic retinopathy. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The carboxymethylated enzyme was less sensitive than the reduced enzyme to most aldose reductase inhibitors including sorbinil (d-6-fluoro-spiro[chroman-4,4'-im idazolidine]-2',5'-dione), except tolrestat (N-methyl-N-[(5-trifluromethyl-6-methoxy-1-naphthalenyl)-thiomethyl]glyc ine) and quercetin. (utmb.edu)
  • Based on overlapping structural requirements for both efficient aldose reductase inhibitors and PPAR ligands, [5-(benzyloxy)-1H-indol-1-yl] acetic acid (compound 1) was assessed for inhibition of aldose reductase and ability to interfere with PPAR gamma. (metu.edu.tr)
  • 2005) Discovery of 3-[(4,5,7-trifluorobenzothiazol-2-yl)methyl]indole-N-acetic acid (lidorestat) and congeners as highly potent and selective inhibitors of aldose reductase for treatment of chronic diabetic complications. (guidetopharmacology.org)
  • Aldose reductase (AR) inhibitors are used clinically to treat long-term diabetic complications. (elsevierpure.com)
  • AR inhibitors have potential therapeutic benefits for these diseases by reducing lipid peroxidation and mitigating the harmful effects of reactive aldehydes. (bvsalud.org)
  • Aldose reductase inhibitors and diabetic complications. (ijsciences.com)
  • Aldose-reductase inhibitors have not shown efficacy in changing the course of diabetic retinopathy. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Alcohol dehydrogenase [NADP+] also known as aldehyde reductase or aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the AKR1A1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • The polyol pathway is a glucose metabolic shunt that is defined by two enzymatic reactions catalyzed by aldose reductase (AR, AKR1B1, EC1.1.1.21) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH, EC1.1.1.14), respectively [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Aldehyde dehydrogenase family, Iron-containing alcohol dehydrogenase [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • It catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of a variety of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes to their corresponding alcohols and catalyzes the reduction of mevaldate to mevalonic acid and of glyceraldehyde to glycerol. (wikipedia.org)
  • AKR1A1 belongs to the AKR superfamily, which are predominantly monomeric, soluble, NADPH-dependent oxidoreductases involved in the reduction of aldehydes and ketones into primary and secondary alcohols. (wikipedia.org)
  • AKR1A1 is shown to demonstrate characteristically high specific activity towards many aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes, and preferentially catalyses the NADPH-dependent reduction of aliphatic aldehydes, aromatic aldehydes and biogenic amines. (wikipedia.org)
  • Catalysis of the reaction: an alditol + NADP+ = an aldose + NADPH + H+. (yeastrc.org)
  • Carboxymethylation of Cys-298 was also found to affect NADPH and aldehyde binding to the enzyme. (utmb.edu)
  • Aldose reductase, an NADPH dependent oxidoreductase, has received considerable attention due to its possible link to diabetic and galactosemic complications. (figshare.com)
  • We previously demonstrated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice that deficiency or inhibition of aldose reductase (AR) caused significant dephosphorylation of hepatic transcriptional factor PPAR α , leading to its activation and significant reductions in serum lipid levels. (hindawi.com)
  • After that, aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C4 is used to create 3a,7a-dihydroxy-5b-cholestane. (smpdb.ca)
  • 1.-.-.- Oxidoreductases: aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B. Last modified on 13/08/2015. (guidetopharmacology.org)
  • Aldose reductase inhibition by 1 was characterized by IC50 in submicromolar and low micromolar range, for rat and human enzyme, respectively. (metu.edu.tr)
  • Aldose reductase (AR) is an important enzyme involved in the reduction of various aldehyde and carbonyl compounds, including the highly reactive and toxic 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), which has been linked to the progression of various pathologies such as atherosclerosis, hyperglycemia, inflammation, and tumors. (bvsalud.org)
  • Moreover, chamomile extract showed potent inhibition against aldose reductase (ALR2), with an IC50 value of 16.9 microg/mL, and its components, umbelliferone (1), esculetin (3), luteolin (6), and quercetin (7), could significantly inhibit the accumulation of sorbitol in human erythrocytes. (nih.gov)
  • Many aldehydes are volatile compounds with distinct and characteristic olfactory properties. (tuwien.ac.at)
  • Nature has evolved a number of enzymatic reactions to produce aldehydes, and this review provides an overview of aldehyde-forming reactions in biological systems and beyond. (tuwien.ac.at)
  • Oxidoreductase, aldo/keto reductase family n=1 Tax=Alcanivorax sp. (uma.es)
  • Enoyl-(Acyl carrier protein) reductase [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • We conclude that Tyr-48 acts as the proton donor in the reduction of aldehydes by aldose reductase, while the neutral His-110 has a role in substrate binding during the catalysis. (figshare.com)
  • Reduction of HNE and HNE-GS conjugate by homogenous preparation of bovine lens aldose reductase (AR) was studied. (utmb.edu)
  • Purpose: To investigate the detoxification mechanisms of the most toxic lipid aldehyde, 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) and its role in hyperglycemic cataract. (utmb.edu)
  • Ansari, NH & Srivastava, SK 1996, ' 4-Hydroxynonenal-induced cataract: Role of lipid aldehydes in cataractogenesis ', Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science , vol. 37, no. 3, pp. (utmb.edu)
  • Steady-state kinetic and inhibition properties of human placental aldose reductase carboxymethylated at Cys-298 were investigated. (utmb.edu)
  • In vitro inhibition of recombinant human aldose reductase expressed in E coli . (guidetopharmacology.org)
  • 2015) The Effect of Halogen-to-Hydrogen Bond Substitution on Human Aldose Reductase Inhibition. (guidetopharmacology.org)
  • RESULTS- Activation of nrf2 by sulforaphane induced nuclear translocation of nrf2 and increased ARE-linked gene expression, for example, three- to fivefold increased expression of transketolase and glutathione reductase. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Objective: The aim of this research work was to investigate the Aldose reductase, α-glucosidase, β -glucosidase and maltase glucoamylase inhibitory potential of the crude extracts of Vernonia amygdalina, and characterizing the extracts. (ijsciences.com)
  • Antioxidative and aldose reductase (AR)-inhibitory effects of a fermentation filtrate of Rubus coreanus (FRC) were investigated using corneal/retinal homogenate and lens cytosol, respectively. (koreamed.org)
  • Imirestat (AL-1576) is a potent aldose reductase inhibitor with IC50 of 8.5 nM for rat lens aldose reductase, with similar IC50 value for the human placental enzyme, shows high affinity for AKR1A1 and AKR1B1 with Ki of 47 and 46 nM respectively. (probechem.com)
  • IDD388 is a potent aldose reductase (ALR2 or AKR1B1) inhibitor with IC50 of 0.4 uM, shows weak inhibition for AKR1B10 (IC50=4.4 uM). (probechem.com)
  • 1. Role of aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1 (AKR1B1) in the cancer process and its therapeutic potential. (nih.gov)
  • 6. Inhibitor selectivity between aldo-keto reductase superfamily members AKR1B10 and AKR1B1: role of Trp112 (Trp111). (nih.gov)
  • 10. Opposing roles of the aldo-keto reductases AKR1B1 and AKR1B10 in colorectal cancer. (nih.gov)
  • 13. Overexpression and enhanced specific activity of aldoketo reductases (AKR1B1 & AKR1B10) in human breast cancers. (nih.gov)
  • AT-001 (Caficrestat) is a highly potent, selective inhibitor of aldose reductase enzymatic activity with IC50 of 28.9 pM. (probechem.com)
  • Methods: The study employed mice treated with an inhibitor of aldose reductase or mice devoid of Akr1b3 were used to determine their response to a high-fat diet. (uky.edu)
  • Aldose reductase (AR) protein, a member of the NADPH-dependent aldo-keto reductase family, reduces a wide range of aldehydes and enhances cell survival by inhibition of oxidative stress. (en-journal.org)
  • The effect of aldose reductase inhibition by JMC-2004 on hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction. (nel.edu)
  • Papezikova I, Pekarova M, Chatzopoulou M, Nicolaou I, Demopoulos V, Kubala L, Lojek A. The effect of aldose reductase inhibition by JMC-2004 on hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction. (nel.edu)
  • 17. Molecular Interactions and Implications of Aldose Reductase Inhibition by PGA1 and Clinically Used Prostaglandins. (nih.gov)
  • 20. Aldo-keto reductases-mediated cytotoxicity of 2-deoxyglucose: A novel anticancer mechanism. (nih.gov)
  • AKR1A1 is shown to demonstrate characteristically high specific activity towards many aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes, and preferentially catalyses the NADPH-dependent reduction of aliphatic aldehydes, aromatic aldehydes and biogenic amines. (wikipedia.org)
  • Can efficiently reduce aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes, and is less active on hexoses (in vitro). (genebiosystems.com)
  • Aldose reductase (AR) is a broad-specificity aldo-keto reductase with wide species and tissue distribution. (utmb.edu)
  • It possesses broad specificity for many aldoses. (nih.gov)
  • From NCBI Gene: This gene encodes a member of the aldo/keto reductase superfamily, which consists of more than 40 known enzymes and proteins. (nih.gov)
  • Z^^^Y^^Il ^ relationships between the enzymes aldose reductase and aldehyde ^iP. (nih.gov)
  • ALDH is a family of detoxifying enzymes responsible for the oxidation of intracellular aldehydes whose activity was initially found to be increased in hematopoietic and neural stem and progenitor cells. (xcessbio.com)
  • Studies investigating the associations between aldose reductase (ALR) genetic polymorphisms and diabetic retinopathy (DR) have reported controversial results. (nih.gov)
  • This member catalyzes the reduction of a number of aldehydes, including the aldehyde form of glucose, and is thereby implicated in the development of diabetic complications by catalyzing the reduction of glucose to sorbitol. (nih.gov)
  • From studies like one conducted by Ron Engerman and Tim Kern, [ 7 ] in which diabetic dogs were treated for 5 years with an aldose reductase inhibitor. (medscape.com)
  • In contrast, in diabetic dogs treated with an aldose reductase inhibitor, the diabetes-induced defect in nerve conduction velocity was prevented. (medscape.com)
  • Objective: To determine whether the aldose reductase inhibitor (ARI) zenarestat improves nerve conduction velocity (NCV) and nerve morphology in diabetic peripheral polyneuropathy (DPN). (elsevierpure.com)
  • An increased glucose utilization by aldose reductase (ALR-2) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular comp. (nel.edu)
  • BAY1128688 is a potent, steroidal aldo-keto reductase 1C3 (AKR1C3) inhibitor with potential for endometriosis. (probechem.com)
  • Govorestat (AT-007) is a potent, selective, CNS-penetrant aldose reductase (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor with IC50 of 0.1 nM, reduces toxic galactitol levels and prevents galactosemia disease complications in vivo. (probechem.com)
  • Thus, even low residual levels of aldose reductase activity may be neurotoxic in diabetes, and potent ARIs such as zenarestat may be required to stop or reverse progression of DPN. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Z-Pro-Pro-aldehyde-dimethyl acetal is a potent inhibitor of prolyl endopeptidase (PREP) , a cytoplasmic serine endoprotease ( IC 50 = 12 nM). (medchemexpress.cn)
  • May be responsible for detoxification of reactive aldehydes in the digested food before the nutrients are passed on to other organs. (genebiosystems.com)
  • Kühn, A., Yu, S. and Giffhorn, F. Catabolism of 1,5-anhydro- D -fructose in Sinorhizobium morelense S-30.7.5: discovery, characterization, and overexpression of a new 1,5-anhydro- D -fructose reductase and its application in sugar analysis and rare sugar synthesis. (enzyme-database.org)
  • Alkyl hydroperoxide reductase subunit C/ Thiol specific antioxidant [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • Dambe, T.R., Kühn, A.M., Brossette, T., Giffhorn, F. and Scheidig, A.J. Crystal structure of NADP(H)-dependent 1,5-anhydro- D -fructose reductase from Sinorhizobium morelense at 2.2 Å resolution: construction of a NADH-accepting mutant and its application in rare sugar synthesis. (enzyme-database.org)
  • Results: Increased expression of aldose reductase and senescence in the adipose tissue of humans and mice with obesity were demonstrated. (uky.edu)
  • 8. The Expression and Clinical Significance of Aldo-Keto Reductase 1 Member B1 in Gastric Carcinoma. (nih.gov)
  • 12. Protective Effect of Aldo-keto Reductase 1B1 Against Neuronal Cell Damage Elicited by 4'-Fluoro-α-pyrrolidinononanophenone. (nih.gov)
  • 19. A Potential Prognostic Biomarker for Glioma: Aldo-Keto Reductase Family 1 Member B1. (nih.gov)