• The flavoenzyme nitroalkane oxidase is a member of the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase superfamily. (rcsb.org)
  • Oxidation of SLA is catalyzed by SLA dehydrogenases belonging to the aldehyde dehydrogenase superfamily. (bvsalud.org)
  • Aldehyde dehydrogenase are a superfamily enzymes which catalyze the oxidation of a large variety of aldehydes (Jo et al. (springeropen.com)
  • A lot of enzyme systems participate in the metabolism of aldehydes, and one of the most important enzyme systems is aldehydes dehydrogenase (ALDH) superfamily, which is composed of NAD (P) + -dependent enzymes that catalyze aldehyde oxidation. (shsmu.edu.cn)
  • We establish a microbial biosynthetic pathway for PAA production from the simple substrate phenylalanine in E. coli with heterologous coexpression of aminotransferase (ARO8), keto acid decarboxylase (KDC) and aldehyde dehydrogenase H (AldH) gene. (springeropen.com)
  • In this study, we establish a microbial biosynthetic pathway for PAA production from the simple substrate phenylalanine through overexpression of an aminotransferase gene ARO8, a keto acid decarboxylase gene KDC from S. cerevisiae and an aldehyde dehydrogenase H gene aldH from E. coli in E. coli (Fig. 1 ). (springeropen.com)
  • These enzymes were identified as members of the aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) family of proteins. (silverchair.com)
  • In addition to ALDH1A1, there are 18 other ALDH isoforms in humans, many of which display promiscuous and overlapping substrate scopes with ALDH1A1 when catalyzing the oxidation of endogenous and xenobiotic aldehydes to the corresponding carboxylic acid products.23,24 Although challenging, the development of a selective activity-based fluorescent probe for ALDH1A1 would enable detection of CSCs, as well as concurrently report on their degree of stemness. (bioskinrevive.com)
  • ADH catalyzes the oxidation of retinol to retinal, which is converted to retinoic acid by ALDH. (precisionfda.org)
  • [ 3 ] Subsequent studies identified a defect in fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (FALDH), a component of the fatty alcohol:NAD oxidoreductase enzyme complex. (medscape.com)
  • The genetic defect in Sjögren-Larsson syndrome results in deficient activity of FALDH, which catalyzes the oxidation of fatty aldehyde to fatty acid. (medscape.com)
  • The defect in fatty alcohol oxidation in SLS is caused by the deficiency of microsomal fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (FALDH, EC 1.2.1.48), a component of the fatty alcohol:NAD + oxidoreductase enzyme complex ( 6 , 7 ). (ajnr.org)
  • FALDH catalyzes the oxidation of medium- and long-chain fatty aldehydes, derived from fatty alcohols or not, to the corresponding carboxylic acids ( Fig 1 ). (ajnr.org)
  • FALDH catalyzes the oxidation of long-chain fatty aldehydes (here, octadecanal) to the corresponding carboxylic acid. (ajnr.org)
  • To determine which enzymatic component of FAO was deficient in SLS, we assayed fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (FALDH) and fatty alcohol dehydrogenase in cultured fibroblasts from seven unrelated SLS patients. (jci.org)
  • All SLS cells were selectively deficient in the FALDH component of FAO, and had normal activity of fatty alcohol dehydrogenase. (jci.org)
  • The extent of FALDH deficiency in SLS cells depended on the aliphatic aldehyde used as substrate, ranging from 62% of mean normal activity using propionaldehyde as substrate to 8% of mean normal activity with octadecanal. (jci.org)
  • Intact SLS fibroblasts oxidized octadecanol to fatty acid at less than 10% of the normal rate, but oxidized free octadecanal normally, suggesting that the FALDH affected in SLS is chiefly involved in the oxidation of fatty alcohol to fatty acid. (jci.org)
  • These results show that the primary enzymatic defect in SLS is the FALDH component of the FAO complex, which leads to deficient oxidation of fatty aldehyde derived from fatty alcohol. (jci.org)
  • 8] FALDH is a component of the fatty alcohol:NAD oxidoreductase enzyme complex that catalyzes the sequential oxidation of fatty alcohol to aldehyde and fatty acid. (medscape.com)
  • Therefore, patients with Sjögren-Larsson syndrome have deficient activity of FALDH and fatty alcohol:NAD oxidoreductase, which results in defective metabolism of both fatty aldehyde and fatty alcohol. (medscape.com)
  • In Sjögren-Larsson syndrome , FALDH deficiency impairs fatty alcohol oxidation and leads to accumulation of 16- and 18-carbon-long aliphatic alcohols. (medscape.com)
  • 8] FALDH is involved in the oxidation of fatty aldehydes produced by catabolism of ether glycerolipids (plasmalogens), which are prominent phospholipids in myelin. (medscape.com)
  • Sjögren-Larsson syndrome (SLS) is due to deficient activity of fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (FALDH), an enzyme required to oxidize fatty alcohol to fatty acid. (medscape.com)
  • 2-Hydroxybutyric acid is formed as a by-product of the formation of alpha-ketobutyrate via a reaction catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) or alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (alphaHBDH). (pathbank.org)
  • The kidney was not able to balance the NADH excess even though an increase in malate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate and alanine transaminase activities was noted [23]. (precisionfda.org)
  • Oxidoreductases also incorporate oxidase, oxygenase, peroxidase, dehydrogenase, and others, which are compounds that catalyze redox response in living life forms and in the research centre. (vedantu.com)
  • The enzyme was NAD(H)-specific and its optimal activity for acetoin reduction was observed at pH 6.5 and 55 °C. The optimal pH and temperature for 2,3-butanediol oxidation were pH 10 and 45 °C, respectively. (mdpi.com)
  • NAD can also be defined as a pyridine nucleotide, which functions as a highly important cofactor in the soluble phase of essential reduction-oxidation processes in all living cells. (medicinalherbals.net)
  • It catalyzes reduction-oxidation (or redox) reactions, or cellular activities that transfer electrons between chemical species, examples of which include photosynthesis, corrosion, combustion, and respiration. (medicinalherbals.net)
  • In this study, an Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655 strain with reduced aromatic aldehyde reduction (RARE) that does duty for a platform for aromatic aldehyde biosynthesis was used to prompt more PAA biosynthesis. (springeropen.com)
  • A redox reaction is that where both oxidation and reduction take place in the reaction. (vedantu.com)
  • In stage I response, drugs are brought into new or changed practical gathering through oxidation, reduction, and hydrolysis. (vedantu.com)
  • What is lactated dehydrogenase, and how is it used in the reduction of carbonyl groups? (smartsciencepapers.com)
  • The overall reaction carried out by LDH can be broken down into two steps: oxidation and reduction. (smartsciencepapers.com)
  • Dehydrogenase is a type of an enzyme which oxidizes a substrate by a reduction reaction that transfers one or more hydrogen H- to the electron acceptor which is NAD + /NADP (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) or FAD Flavin coenzyme (Shibusawa et al, 2004). (ukessays.com)
  • Many organisms contain an alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme which catalyzes the NADPH dependent of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes into subsequent alcohols and catalyze the reduction of glyceraldehyde to glycerol (Arslanian et al, 1971). (ukessays.com)
  • Alcohol dehydrogenase is responsible for catalyzing the oxidation and reduction of various alcohols and aldehydes (organic molecules similar to alcohols, but with a slightly different molecular structure). (tessmed.com)
  • b) They transfer hydrogen from one substrate to another by oxidation-reduction reac-tion not involving a respiratory chain (shown in Fig. 12.4. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • NADPH is usually involved as a cofactor for reductases, enzymes that catalyse substrate reduction. (dehydrogenases.com)
  • Several different types of dehydrogenases, which are enzymes that catalyze cellular respiration and essential metabolic reactions, must utilize NAD(+/H) in a variety of activities, from the breakdown of sugars and fats via glycolysis to the tricarboxylic acid cycle. (medicinalherbals.net)
  • A class of enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of C-C, C-O, and C-N, and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation. (lookformedical.com)
  • Enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of a carbon-carbon bond by means other than hydrolysis or oxidation. (lookformedical.com)
  • Mutations in MOCS1 cause a disease in humans known as Molybdenum cofactor (MoCo) deficiency, which ultimately results in a combined deficiency of three essential enzymatic functions that depend on Mo: sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase and aldehyde oxidase. (wwu.edu)
  • Sulfite oxidase, for example, is located in the mitochondrial intermembrane space, where it catalyzes the oxidation of sulfite to sulfate, removing the reactive and potentially toxic sulfite from the cell. (wwu.edu)
  • a) Enzymes that catalyse the removal of hy-drogen from a substrate but use only oxy-gen as a hydrogen acceptor to form water as a reaction product (with the exception of uricase and monoamine oxidase which form H 2 O 2 ). (biologydiscussion.com)
  • It is commonly known that aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) are a promising therapeutic target in many diseases. (silverchair.com)
  • The main objective of the study was to investigate retinaldehyde dehydrogenases (RALDHs), of which retinal is the main substrate and ALDH2, the mitochondrial isoform, having acetaldehyde as the main substrate. (silverchair.com)
  • a) They catalyse the removal of hydrogen from a substrate and use either oxygen or artificial substances such a methylene blue as hydrogen acceptor. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • a) They catalyze the removal of hydrogen from a substrate but not able to use oxy-gen as hydrogen acceptor. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • During their training, medicinal chemists are also taught to apply physical and mechanistic organic chemistry concepts (e.g., valence electrons, resonance effects, acidity, nucleophilicity, electrophilicity, etc.) to rationalize the biochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions, and even understand the chemical basis for conversion of a substrate into product. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Deficient activity of the fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase component of fatty alcohol:NAD+ oxidoreductase in cultured fibroblasts. (jci.org)
  • Sjögren-Larsson syndrome (SLS) is an inherited disorder associated with impaired fatty alcohol oxidation due to deficient activity of fatty alcohol:NAD+ oxidoreductase (FAO). (jci.org)
  • Oxidoreductase is a chemical that catalyzes the exchange of electrons from one atom, the reductant, which is also known as electron donor, to another, the oxidant that is called the electron acceptor. (vedantu.com)
  • Oxidoreductase is also known as donor dehydrogenases. (vedantu.com)
  • Oxidoreductase chemicals catalyze response including oxygen addition, hydride move, proton extraction, and other fundamental advances. (vedantu.com)
  • 2-Hydroxybutyric acid generally appears at high concentrations in situations related to deficient energy metabolism (e.g. birth asphyxia) and also in inherited metabolic diseases affecting the central nervous system during neonatal development, such as "cerebral" lactic acidosis, glutaric aciduria type II, dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (E3) deficiency, and propionic acidemia. (pathbank.org)
  • This perspective focuses on two areas that have yielded new useful information during the last 20 years: (i) structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of contact allergy based on the concept of hapten-protein binding and (ii) mechanistic investigations regarding activation of nonsensitizing compounds to contact allergens by air oxidation or skin metabolism. (cdc.gov)
  • mechanistic investigations regarding activation of nonsensitizing compounds to contact allergens by air oxidation or skin metabolism. (cdc.gov)
  • DA is unstable and can undergo oxidation and metabolism to produce multiple reactive and toxic by-products, including reactive oxygen species, DA quinones, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde. (biomedcentral.com)
  • An enzyme that plays a role in the GLUTAMATE and butanoate metabolism pathways by catalyzing the oxidation of succinate semialdehyde to SUCCINATE using NAD+ as a coenzyme. (harvard.edu)
  • Development of a Quality-of-Life Survey for Patients With Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency, a Rare Disorder of GABA Metabolism. (harvard.edu)
  • ALDH1 has a role in early stem cell differentiation through its function in the oxidation of retinol to retinoic acid, proposed to be a strong candidate for breast cancer stem cells. (hindawi.com)
  • FAO is a complex enzyme which consists of two separate proteins that sequentially catalyze the oxidation of fatty alcohol to fatty aldehyde and fatty acid. (jci.org)
  • Moreover, the sequence analysis of choline dehydrogenase from our isolate shows several base substitutions with that of reported sequences in GenBank, resulting in the altered amino acid sequences of the translated proteins. (scialert.net)
  • Accumulation of fatty aldehydes, which are highly reactive molecules, can form covalent Schiff-base derivatives with phosphatidylethanolamine, which may influence myelin membrane properties and alter the function of membrane-bound proteins. (medscape.com)
  • 16] Schiff-base aldehyde adducts with other amino-containing molecules, including key membrane enzymes and proteins, may also be detrimental to their function. (medscape.com)
  • Identification of cytoplasmic biologic markers in breast cancers, which are proteins that run in the PUKCA/AKT/mTOR pathways, such as PIK3CA, PTEN, pAKT/pS6, metabolites, and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1), is being widely developed [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Whereas, microorganic synthesis of PAA is impeded by the formation of by-product phenethyl alcohol due to quick, endogenous, and superfluous conversion of aldehydes to their corresponding alcohols, which resulted in less conversation of PAA from aldehydes. (springeropen.com)
  • The purified ReBDH in the native form was found to exist as a monomer with a calculated subunit size of 37180, belonging to the family of the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenases. (mdpi.com)
  • in yeast and many bacteria, some alcohol dehydrogenases catalyze the opposite reaction as part of fermentation. (biobool.com)
  • Humans have at least six slightly different alcohol dehydrogenases. (biobool.com)
  • An enzyme found primarily in BACTERIA and FUNGI that catalyzes the oxidation of ammonium hydroxide to nitrite. (lookformedical.com)
  • It catalyzes the six-electron oxidation of AMMONIA to nitrite. (lookformedical.com)
  • An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of nitrite to nitrate. (lookformedical.com)
  • During the oxidation step, NAD+ is reduced to NADH while electron acceptor lactate is oxidized to pyruvate in order for it to act as an intermediate in the reaction. (smartsciencepapers.com)
  • Intriguingly, the unique curcumin-metabolizing enzyme they found (which they called NADPH-dependent curcumin/dihydrocurcumin reductase, or CurA), bore a significant sequence similarity to well-known enzymes in the alcohol dehydrogenase family. (tessmed.com)
  • All-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) is the most active, natural derivative of vitamin A. It is produced by the irreversible oxidation of all-trans retinaldehyde. (silverchair.com)
  • again, there are many aldehyde dehydrogenases, among which ALDH2 has the largest impact on alcohol consumption20. (onchainme.io)
  • Establishment and validation of a clinical severity scoring system for succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency. (harvard.edu)
  • Understanding the Molecular Mechanisms of Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency (SSADHD): Towards the Development of SSADH-Targeted Medicine. (harvard.edu)
  • Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency: A Measure of Maturational Trajectory of Cortical Excitability. (harvard.edu)
  • aminobutyric acid B (GABA-B) Receptor Antagonist, for Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency. (harvard.edu)
  • Speech Motor Function and Auditory Perception in Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency: Toward Pre-Supplementary Motor Area (SMA) and SMA-Proper Dysfunctions. (harvard.edu)
  • Postmortem Analyses in a Patient With Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency (SSADHD): II. (harvard.edu)
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Spectroscopy in Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency. (harvard.edu)
  • The accumulation of fatty alcohols, the modification of macromolecules by fatty aldehydes, and the presence of high concentrations of biologically active lipids have been postulated as the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms that give rise to the clinical features ( 6 - 13 ). (ajnr.org)
  • Accumulation of long-chain fatty alcohols and modification of macromolecules by an excess of fatty aldehydes are thought to be the pathophysiologic mechanisms causing the manifestations of Sjögren-Larsson syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • Hemeproteins whose characteristic mode of action involves transfer of reducing equivalents which are associated with a reversible change in oxidation state of the prosthetic group. (lookformedical.com)
  • in their interesting paper [ 1 ] focus their attention mainly on retinaldehyde dehydrogenases (RALDHs), which are enzymes converting retinal into retinoic acid (RA). (silverchair.com)
  • Succinate-Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (harvard.edu)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Succinate-Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Succinate-Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase" was a major or minor topic of these publication. (harvard.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Succinate-Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase" by people in Profiles. (harvard.edu)
  • The gene encoding a (2 R ,3 R )-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase from Rhodococcus erythropolis WZ010 (ReBDH) was over-expressed in Escherichia coli and the resulting recombinant ReBDH was successfully purified by Ni-affinity chromatography. (mdpi.com)
  • This syndrome is a result of mutations in the gene that codes for fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase. (medscape.com)
  • An NADP+ dependent enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of benzaldehyde to BENZOIC ACID. (ucdenver.edu)
  • 2-Hydroxybutyrate is an early marker for both insulin resistance and impaired glucose regulation that appears to arise due to increased lipid oxidation and oxidative stress (PMID: 20526369). (pathbank.org)
  • Together, our complementary approaches provide strong evidence that the flavin cofactor is in the appropriate oxidation state and correlates well with the putative intermediate state observed within each of the crystal structures. (rcsb.org)
  • We report that SLA dehydrogenase RlGabD from the sulfoglycolytic bacterium Rhizobium leguminsarum SRDI565 can use both NAD+ and NADP+ as cofactor to oxidize SLA, and indicatively operates through a rapid equilibrium ordered mechanism. (bvsalud.org)
  • Alcohol dehydrogenase is also involved in the toxicity of other types of alcohol: for instance, it oxidizes methanol to produce formaldehyde and ethylene glycol to ultimately yield glycolic and oxalic acids. (biobool.com)
  • These by products are converted into formaldehyde by help of alcohol dehydrogenase (Goodsell et al, 2001). (ukessays.com)
  • However, this enzyme also catalyses the second step, the dehydrogenation of betaine aldehyde to betaine ( Landfald and Strom, 1986 ). (scialert.net)
  • The mammallian enzyme predominantly exists as an NAD-dependent dehydrogenase (EC 1.17.1.4 ). (expasy.org)
  • Recently there is an observation suggesting that transamination of phenylalanine, decarboxylation of phenylpyruvate, subsequent oxidation of phenylacetaldehyde would be the most likely pathway for PAA synthesis (Cook et al. (springeropen.com)
  • The conversion can be triggered by several mechanisms, including the oxidation of cysteine thiols to form disulfide bonds (which can be catalyzed by EC 1.8.4.7 in the presence of glutathione disulfide) or limited proteolysis, which results in irreversible conversion. (expasy.org)
  • 2005 ). Aminotransferase (ARO8) and keto acid decarboxylase (KDC) have been shown to catalyze the first and the second steps in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Li et al. (springeropen.com)
  • Reversibly catalyzes the oxidation of a hydroxyl group of sugar alcohols to form a keto sugar, aldehyde or lactone. (reference.md)