The effect of modifying early neutrophil-mediated inflammation on the development of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) was investigated using an interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), an anti-IL-18 antibody (anti-IL-18) or a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor (M39). (elsevierpure.com)
However, neutralization of IL-1 and IL-18 did not affect the later development of AHR and eosinophilic airway inflammation. (elsevierpure.com)
Research advances over the past several years suggest that cysLT1 also mediates the ability of cysLTs to modulate inflammation, immune responses, and airway remodeling. (springer.com)
Numerous environmental stimuli induce an allergen-antibody interaction, causing a release of mediators that create airway inflammation. (medscape.com)
Airway inflammation is the primary factor responsible for smooth muscle hyperresponsiveness, edema, and increased mucous production. (medscape.com)
Protein kinase C epsilon is important in modulating organic-dust-induced airway inflammation. (cdc.gov)
The presence of certain key symptoms may suggest the presence of asthma, but can also result from airway inflammation alone, from chronic rather than reversible airflow limitation, or from other respiratory and nonrespiratory conditions. (cmaj.ca)
Moreover, asthma symptoms correlate poorly with abnormalities of lung function 9 and airway inflammation, 10 , 11 and thus in isolation may suggest a less severe form of the disease than is actually present. (cmaj.ca)
The chronic inflammation of asthma is associated with airway hyperresponsiveness that leads to recurrent symptoms, yet lung function may nevertheless remain normal. (cmaj.ca)
1 6 EIB is characterised by falls in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1 ) after exercise, while in people with asthma there is persistent airway inflammation and recurrent symptoms outside of exercise (that is, with allergen exposure or upper respiratory infections). (bmj.com)
However, airway inflammation and remodelling also occur in cold weather athletes with and without asthma and EIB. (bmj.com)
Airway inflammation has been observed on bronchoscopy of cross-country skiers and in dogs after a 1100-mile endurance race in Alaska. (bmj.com)
Repeated peripheral airway hyperpnoea with dry air causes inflammation and remodelling in dogs. (bmj.com)
The present study examined the therapeutic effects and action mechanism of a saponin-enriched extract of Asparagus cochinchinensis (SEAC) on airway inflammation and remodeling in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma model. (spandidos-publications.com)
These findings indicate that SEAC is a suppressor of airway inflammation and remodeling, and may therefore be useful as an anti-inflammatory drug for the treatment of asthma. (spandidos-publications.com)
The pathophysiology of asthma is complex and involves airway inflammation, intermittent airflow obstruction, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. (medscape.com)
Antigen presentation by the dendritic cell with the lymphocyte and cytokine response leading to airway inflammation and asthma symptoms. (medscape.com)
The mechanism of inflammation in asthma may be acute, subacute, or chronic, and the presence of airway edema and mucus secretion also contributes to airflow obstruction and bronchial reactivity. (medscape.com)
The influence of pre-existing airway inflammation on the infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is largely unknown. (bvsalud.org)
Hence, we studied expression of ACE2 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein isoforms, together with its glycosylation and spatial localization in primary human airway epithelium upon allergic inflammation and viral infection. (bvsalud.org)
METHACHOLINE5
After the exposure periods, airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) to methacholine (Mch) was measured and rats were euthanized to collect bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), blood and lung tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
Anti-IL-18 or IL-1Ra had no effect on the development of AHR, whereas M39-treated mice showed a decrease in methacholine responsiveness. (elsevierpure.com)
Airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine increased in PKCe KO + ODE to a greater magnitude than WT + ODE animals. (cdc.gov)
Airway hyperresponsiveness is usually measured using direct stimuli, such as methacholine or histamine, that act by stimulating specific receptors on the bronchial smooth muscle to cause contraction and narrowing of the airways. (cmaj.ca)
Winter athletes have a high prevalence of respiratory symptoms and airway hyper-responsiveness to methacholine and hyperpnoea. (bmj.com)
Epithelium4
A complex interaction occurs between inflammatory cells and airway epithelium. (medscape.com)
Chronic endurance training damages the epithelium of the small airways in mice. (bmj.com)
Varying degrees of mononuclear cell and eosinophil infiltration, mucus hypersecretion, desquamation of the epithelium, smooth muscle hyperplasia, and airway remodeling are present. (medscape.com)
We analyse mechanisms of response to viral infection in experimental in vivo rhinovirus infection in healthy controls and patients with asthma, and in in vitro experiments with house dust mite, rhinovirus and SARS-CoV-2 in human primary airway epithelium. (bvsalud.org)
Symptoms4
Asthma is an inflammatory disease 13 associated with symptoms resulting from abnormalities of airway function, in particular wide, short-term variations in airflow resistance in the intrapulmonary airways. (cmaj.ca)
Identification of airway hyperresponsiveness thus has clinical value, particularly in the diagnosis of asthma in people with normal spirometry results or with symptoms uncharacteristic of asthma. (cmaj.ca)
And when we begin to understand what's happened to the airways, we start with really the first thing which is symptoms, and symptoms are how somebody feels. (cdc.gov)
And what you notice from this list is that there's overlap, that you can have symptoms that are upper airway that are also lower airway, and that a symptom really only tells you a problem, it doesn't tell you a disease. (cdc.gov)
Alterations in the structure of the airways, collectively termed airway remodelling, contribute to airflow obstruction in a variety of chronic lung diseases. (ersjournals.com)
Intrapulmonary airways1
In children younger than 3 years, the intrapulmonary airways are so small that any lower airway infection results in diminished airway function. (medscape.com)
Mucus3
This causes the lining to create more mucus and clog the airways. (medicinenet.com)
Damage to the lung tissue over time causes physical changes in the tissues of the lungs and clogging of the airways with thick mucus. (medicinenet.com)
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by T-lymphocyte and eosinophil infiltration, mucus overproduction and airway hyper-responsiveness. (spandidos-publications.com)
Reversible1
As it is currently unknown if these airway changes are reversible upon cessation of exposure, preventive measures to diminish exposure of the lower airways to cold air should be instituted by all winter sports athletes. (bmj.com)
Hyperplasia1
In addition, a significant reduction in goblet cell hyperplasia, peribronchiolar collagen layer thickness and VEGF expression for airway remodeling was detected in the OVA + SEAC‑treated group compared with the OVA + vehicle‑treated group. (spandidos-publications.com)
Allergic1
Porter PC, Yang T, Luong A, Delclos GL, Abramson SL, Kheradmand F and Corry DB: Proteinases as molecular adjuvants in allergic airway disease. (spandidos-publications.com)
Epithelial4
Lungs from the exposed groups were inflamed as indicated by recruitment of neutrophils in all three exposed groups and eosinophils and an increase in numbers of airway epithelial goblet cells in 5- and 20-day exposure groups. (biomedcentral.com)
PKCe is also rapidly activated in murine tracheal epithelial cells following in vivo organic dust challenges, yet the functional role of PKCe in modulating dust-induced airway inflammatory outcomes is not defined. (cdc.gov)
The acute effects of exercise in cold air are neutrophil influx as demonstrated in lavage fluid and airway epithelial damage as demonstrated by bronchoscopy. (bmj.com)
Influenza, along with other natural viral respiratory infections, can contribute to asthma exacerbation, as these viruses enter and replicate within airway epithelial cells, causing damage and initiating an immune response. (vaccinesafety.edu)
Stimuli2
Actually, the response of airways to constrictor stimuli is modulated by a complex array of factors, some facilitating and others opposing airway narrowing. (mednemo.it)
85% of maximal voluntary ventilation) dehydrates the respiratory mucosa and leads to a transient increase in airway osmolarity, mast cell activation with mediator release (including histamine, serine proteases, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes 8 ), and bronchoconstriction. (bmj.com)
The mechanisms involved include direct stimulation of airway smooth muscle and indirect stimulation by pharmacologically active substances from mediator-secreting cells such as mast cells or nonmyelinated sensory neurons. (medscape.com)
Chronic1
In addition, individuals with airway hyper-responsiveness such as those with chronic asthma are at increased risk. (medicinenet.com)
COPD4
Infectious diseases that destroy lung tissue in patients with hyperactive airways or asthma also may contribute to COPD. (medicinenet.com)
Etiology: Most cases of COPD occur as a result of long-term exposure to lung irritants that damage the lungs and the airways. (bartleby.com)
Small airway hyperresponsiveness in COPD: relationship between structure and function in lung slices. (mpg.de)
Elastase-Induced Parenchymal Disruption and Airway Hyper Responsiveness in Mouse Precision Cut Lung Slices: Toward an Ex vivo COPD Model. (mpg.de)
Diagnosis1
Reactive airway disease has a large differential diagnosis and must not be confused with asthma. (medscape.com)
Contraction1
these changes can contribute directly to airway narrowing and/or exaggerate the effect of airway smooth muscle contraction. (ersjournals.com)
Decrease1
A decrease in airway responsiveness may be associated with environmental allergens, viral respiratory diseases, and hereditary factors. (medscape.com)
Clinical1
The degree of airway hyperresponsiveness generally correlates with the clinical severity of asthma. (medscape.com)
Vivo1
Finally, the pivotal role of airway smooth muscle and internal and external modulation of airway caliber in vivo are discussed in detail. (mednemo.it)
Smooth7
There were no differences in the airway smooth muscle cell volume or septal macrophage recruitment among the groups. (biomedcentral.com)
studies have shown that the R- and S-enantiomers of racemic albuterol, a β 2 -adrenergic receptor agonist used in asthma treatment, have differential effects on the contractile properties of airway smooth muscle. (scirp.org)
By monitoring migratory properties of airway smooth muscle cells in the presence of albuterol isomers, the different effect of albuterol on proliferation and migration of airway smooth muscle cells is probed. (scirp.org)
As a kind of well mature pharmaceutical for asthma treatment, it would be very important to distinguish the effect of two different isomers of albuterol on proliferation and migration activities of airway smooth muscle cells. (scirp.org)
third, whole tissue culture was also performed to further demonstrate the different effect of R- and S-albuterol on migration of airway smooth muscle cells. (scirp.org)
Primary culture of rat airway smooth muscle cells was performed by enzyme digestion. (scirp.org)
After removal of blood vessels, connective tissues and cartilage, pure airway smooth muscle tissue was rinsed with PBS twice and cut into small pieces. (scirp.org)
Therapeutic2
Technical advances in computed tomography allow the assessment of airway wall dimensions, and are ideally suited for the noninvasive investigation of the pathogenesis of airway wall remodelling and the evaluation of new therapeutic interventions. (ersjournals.com)
Noninvasive methods are required to further investigate the pathogenesis of airway wall remodelling, to assess changes over time, and to allow the assessment of new therapeutic interventions designed to attenuate or reverse these structural changes. (ersjournals.com)
Absence1
EIB is defined as "the transient narrowing of the lower airway following exercise in the presence or absence of clinically recognized asthma. (bmj.com)
Contractile1
Cysteinyl (cys) LTs C 4 , D 4 , and E 4 are long known to contribute to airway contractile responses via ligation of the cysLT1 receptor, and cysLT1 antagonists are beneficial in some patients with asthma. (springer.com)
Mechanisms1
Then we describe the neurohumoral mechanisms controlling airway tone. (mednemo.it)
INFANTS1
Speculation exists that all infants are born with highly responsive airways. (medscape.com)
Limitation1
Despite this limitation, the ability to measure multiple airways relatively, noninvasively and repeatedly offers major potential advantages. (ersjournals.com)
Present1
With regard to the nose, a transverse nasal crease may be present because of the patient's repeated lifting of the nasal tip to relieve itching and open the nasal airway. (medscape.com)
Function1
The aim of this article is to review the use of computed tomography in the investigation of airway structure and function in health and disease. (ersjournals.com)
Disease1
Ultimately, the best treatment for reactive airway disease is to prevent an exacerbation from occurring. (medscape.com)
Wall3
While histology has provided valuable insights into the structure of airway wall remodelling, this technique is invasive and does not allow the longitudinal analysis of airway wall dimensions. (ersjournals.com)
For example, CT cannot distinguish which components of the airway wall are thickened. (ersjournals.com)
Computed tomography (CT)-estimated dimensions of the airway lumen and wall, and accompanying pulmonary artery. (ersjournals.com)
Frequently1
This schematic shows the various measurements that can be made on CT images of airways and the vessels, which frequently accompany them. (ersjournals.com)
Environmental1
Hyperpnoea with cold dry air represents a significant environmental stress to the airways. (bmj.com)