AnatomyDiseasesAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsHumanities
PharynxAnatomyAirway RemodelingAirway ObstructionAirway ResistanceBronchiRespiratory SystemBronchial HyperreactivityAnatomy, ComparativeAirway ManagementRespiratory MucosaAsthmaLungAnatomy, ArtisticBronchoconstrictionAnatomy, Cross-SectionalRespiratory HypersensitivitySleep Apnea, ObstructiveSleep Apnea SyndromesPolysomnographySleepContinuous Positive Airway Pressure
PharyngealAnatomicalTracheaApneaHold the airway openRelated to upper airwayForming the upper airwayObstruction of the upperLarynxIntubationOpen the airwayBlockageVentilationAbnormalitiesAirflowMusclesHuman AnatomyTongueLungsEffect of mandibularVesselsGastricEvaluationLower airwaysRelevant anatomySmall airwaysCollapseMandibularChestNasopharyngealNoseContinuousSupraglotticPulmonaryPatientsSnoringUnresponsivePosteriorLaryngealDysfunctionBack of the throatAssessmentManikinClinical anatomyRespiratory systemPassageTissuesRealisticNeckLungDiagnosisNasal Cavity
Pharyngeal5
  • In order to open the paediatric airway and gain the best view of the laryngeal inlet the oral, pharyngeal and tracheal axes must be brought into alignment. (paediatricemergencies.com)
  • The device is intended to measure pH levels in the airway and provide guidance to the physician about overall pharyngeal acid exposure. (medgadget.com)
  • The anatomic structural remodeling of the pharyngeal airway was measured using MRI, including the lager retropalatal distance ( P = 0.018) and shorter length of soft palate ( P = 0.044) compared with the baseline. (frontiersin.org)
  • Oropharyngeal airways are rigid intraoral devices that conform to the tongue and displace it away from the posterior pharyngeal wall, thereby restoring pharyngeal airway patency. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The goal of all of these methods is to relieve upper airway obstruction caused by a relaxed tongue lying on the posterior pharyngeal wall. (msdmanuals.com)
Anatomical6
  • In Shoulder MR-Part I we will focus on the normal anatomy and the many anatomical variants that may simulate pathology. (radiologyassistant.nl)
  • The passage of airflow through these airways should satisfy the equation of Bernoulli and the law of Poiseuille [1] but it moderately assures these laws, because of its particular anatomical and functional features. (scirp.org)
  • This structural shortening of the face also results in anatomical changes to their throat and airways, creating brachycephalic airway syndrome. (petmd.com)
  • Clinical signs are typically related to upper airway blockage due to the congenital anatomical conditions causing brachycephalic airway syndrome. (petmd.com)
  • Multiple imaging modalities have been used to study the airway passage and have demonstrated anatomical differences between patients with and without OSAS for physiologic dysfunction of muscles ( 10 , 11 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Using laryngeal airway reconstruction, we identified anatomical specializations critical for USV production. (figshare.com)
Trachea7
  • [ 1 ] The lower airway begins in the trachea and continues to the bronchial tree. (medscape.com)
  • Exhalation is a passive process and the wheezing noise is air pasively leaving constriced bronchioles What are the structures that branch off the trachea into the lower airway? (browsegrades.net)
  • critical language designed to elevate your airway practice by Brendan Tarantino Insight Putting your patient in the sniffing position facilitates intubation by reducing the angle of approach to the trachea. (theprotectedairway.com)
  • Your airway starts with your nose (or mouth), continues through your windpipe (trachea), and ends in your lungs, where alveoli give your blood oxygen and extract carbon dioxide. (rejuv-health.com)
  • The anatomy of the airway begins with the nose and nasal cavity (or oral cavity), then proceeds through the pharynx, past the epiglottis, into the larynx where your vocal cords are, down the trachea, through the bronchial tree, and into the lungs. (rejuv-health.com)
  • Advantages of this technique are that it very simple and easy to perform, it is the least invasive, and, if performed properly, it can anesthetize the upper airway to the trachea. (medscape.com)
  • Detailed chapters examine the trachea and central bronchi, the diagnosis of bronchiectasis, and the use of CT in diagnosing small airway disease. (chipsbooks.com)
Apnea4
  • For patients in whom obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is suspected or is diagnosed, examination of the upper airway is essential for determining an optimal treatment, as many variables are involved in the pathogenesis of the disease, making the choice of the correct treatment a complex one. (medscape.com)
  • Poor airway health can lead to sleep apnea, infection, and worse. (rejuv-health.com)
  • The underlying causes of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are multifactorial and include impaired upper airway anatomy, low arousal threshold, respiratory control instability, and/or altered neuro-muscular control of upper airway muscles. (cdc.gov)
  • Effect of Weight Loss on Upper Airway Anatomy and the Apnea-Hypopnea Index. (bvsalud.org)
Hold the airway open2
  • During the day, the tight muscles at the back of the throat hold the airway open, but during sleep these muscles relax. (spirehealthcare.com)
  • Alternatively, these measures might activate the muscles that hold the airway open, or decrease the collapsibility of the upper airway. (weeksmd.com)
Related to upper airway1
  • 4 , 5 One of the common causes of OSA is related to upper airway collapse. (aadsm.org)
Forming the upper airway1
  • The structures forming the upper airway are the nose and the pharynx with its 3 divisions (ie, nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx). (medscape.com)
Obstruction of the upper1
  • The acute obstruction of the upper airways is a serious complication requiring the professional's immediate attention to reverse the picture. (bvsalud.org)
Larynx2
  • The larynx and upper airways receive sensory innervation from the vagus nerve. (paediatricemergencies.com)
  • The upper respiratory tract can also be said to include the part of the larynx above the vocal cords, but some experts simply group the larynx in with lower airway anatomy. (rejuv-health.com)
Intubation4
  • The CPR/Airway Management Torso is ideal for practicing intubation, ventilation, suctioning techniques, and CPR. (anatomywarehouse.com)
  • The supraglottic compartment is where supraglottic airways such as the laryngeal mask airway ( LMA ) are placed whilst damage to the subglottic space can result in subglottic stenosis, a potential complication of intubation. (paediatricemergencies.com)
  • The Life/form Airway Management Trainers simulate nonanesthetized patients for practicing intubation, ventilation, suction, and CPR techniques. (americancpr.com)
  • Aligning the external auditory canal with the sternal notch may help open the upper airway and establishes the best position to view the airway if endotracheal intubation becomes necessary. (msdmanuals.com)
Open the airway1
  • That is what I recommend a jaw protrusion device to open the airway before prescribing a C-PAP machine. (weeksmd.com)
Blockage2
  • Laryngeal collapse leads to more blockage of the airway, and potentially trouble breathing. (petmd.com)
  • Until you move that blockage and open up the airway, the C-PAP just makes things worse. (weeksmd.com)
Ventilation3
  • Peak airway pressure during high frequency jet ventilation: theory and measurement. (ox.ac.uk)
  • A mathematical model has been developed to predict the peak airway pressure attainable during jet ventilation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • An oropharyngeal airway used concurrently with a nasopharyngeal airway may improve oxygenation and ventilation. (msdmanuals.com)
Abnormalities2
  • Brachycephalic airway syndrome refers to a specific combination of abnormalities affecting a dog's airway and breathing, resulting from selectively breeding for this appearance. (petmd.com)
  • They excluded subjects with gross abnormalities of upper airway anatomy. (weeksmd.com)
Airflow4
  • The epithelium (outer layer) of your airway is mostly lined with mucous membranes to moisten airflow and prevent pathogens from getting in, as well as hairlike cilia which superiorly move debris or mucus and sense the direction of airflow. (rejuv-health.com)
  • The branchings of the airways cause turbulence in the airflow at all of their junctions where particles can then be deposited and they never reach the alveoli. (wikipedia.org)
  • In normal individuals upper airway narrowing increases the resistance to airflow at sleep onset. (scirp.org)
  • Alterations in the structure of the airways, collectively termed airway remodelling, contribute to airflow obstruction in a variety of chronic lung diseases. (ersjournals.com)
Muscles1
  • Recent studies have demonstrated that training the upper airway muscles can ameliorate moderate OSAS ( 14 , 15 ). (frontiersin.org)
Human Anatomy2
  • Airway simulators modeled on human anatomy are used in hundreds of medical training programs across the United States. (pcrm.org)
  • The practice of moulage dates to the Renaissance when wax models were used in the study of human anatomy. (cdc.gov)
Tongue7
  • Realistic anatomy includes mouth, tongue, oral. (anatomywarehouse.com)
  • These findings correlate with dimensional changes in the upper airway, tongue, soft palate, and hyoid positions. (aadsm.org)
  • Snoring is caused by vibrations in the airway behind the tongue. (spirehealthcare.com)
  • Usually the problem is that the machine is pushin air into the mouth and up against a "cork" in the throat i.e. the jaw and tongue are collapsed back (especially if you sleep on your back and snore) against the airway and causing an obstruction. (weeksmd.com)
  • The authors hoped that systematic study of the effects of two mechanisms (mandibular vs. tongue protrusion) on upper airway size and shape would lead to better understanding of how they might work. (weeksmd.com)
  • They thought that mandibular and tongue protrusion might both increase upper airway size, but in different parts of the upper airway. (weeksmd.com)
  • Because the patients and controls showed no differences in effects of mandibular or tongue protrusion on upper airway cross-sectional area (CSA) or on airway shape (and presumably also because of the small numbers of subjects) the data for patients and controls were pooled for most analyses. (weeksmd.com)
Lungs2
Effect of mandibular1
  • Several published systematic reviews have assessed the effect of mandibular advancement on the upper airway, and it is important to map and summarize their conclusions. (aadsm.org)
Vessels2
  • We then removed residual airway tissue and vessels, and collected the remaining parenchymal tissue. (nih.gov)
  • This schematic shows the various measurements that can be made on CT images of airways and the vessels, which frequently accompany them. (ersjournals.com)
Gastric1
  • Gastric reflux in the upper airway, or laryngopharyngeal reflux, commonly takes a gaseous form that cannot be measured using conventional technology. (medgadget.com)
Evaluation2
  • A recent survey of otolaryngologists reports that nasal endoscopy was considered a criterion standard in the evaluation of nasal airway obstruction [4] , corroborating the central theme of this case report. (scirp.org)
  • Technical advances in computed tomography allow the assessment of airway wall dimensions, and are ideally suited for the noninvasive investigation of the pathogenesis of airway wall remodelling and the evaluation of new therapeutic interventions. (ersjournals.com)
Lower airways2
  • The epiglottis separates the upper and lower airways. (rejuv-health.com)
  • Also, as the air passes through, the nasal cavity removes minute airborne particles and other debris before the air reaches the lower airways. (nih.gov)
Relevant anatomy2
  • This micro skills course from the Royal College of Radiologists covers the relevant anatomy of the airway and its appearance on radiological images, and correlation to the associated axial anatomy. (talisium.com)
  • For more information about the relevant anatomy, see Skeletal System Anatomy in Children and Toddlers , Skeletal System Anatomy in Adults , and Osteology (Bone Anatomy) . (medscape.com)
Small airways3
  • Cigarette smoke-induced lung disease presents a morphologic contradiction in that the small airways become fibrotic but the parenchyma becomes emphysematous over time. (nih.gov)
  • To examine the mechanisms behind these phenomena, we exposed mice to cigarette smoke for up to 6 months and isolated small airways from histologic sections by laser capture microdissection. (nih.gov)
  • Barbareschi M, Mengoli MC, Cavazza A. Nonneoplastic pathology of the large and small airways. (medlineplus.gov)
Collapse2
  • Mandibular advancement devices (MADs) prevent upper airway collapse by moving the jaw forward and downward. (aadsm.org)
  • 10 , 11 Several studies have shown that compared to non advancement appliances, oral appliances that include mandibular advancement, and subsequent mandibular opening due to the condylar hinge angle, have significant benefits in preventing upper airway collapse. (aadsm.org)
Mandibular1
  • The differences in neck circumference (NC), linear distance between mandibular plane and hyoid bone (Mp-H), upper airway length (UAL), the maximum thickness of the soft palate (SP max), soft palate length (PNS-U), linear distance between anterior and posterior nasal spine (ANS-PNS), retroglosal width (RS), retroplatal width (RP) between the snoring and non-snoring groups were compared statistically using independent sample t-test. (scirp.org)
Chest1
  • a. begin chets compressions b. perform a finger sweep c. attempt to ventilate her d. deliver up to 5 abdominal thrusts - ANSWER a. begin chets compressions When a patient has a completely obstructed airway and becomes unconscious, the first thing you should do is start chest compressions What is the normal range of breaths per minute for an adult? (browsegrades.net)
Nasopharyngeal2
  • How To Insert a Nasopharyngeal Airway Nasopharyngeal airways are flexible tubes with one end flared (hence their synonym: nasal trumpets) and the other end beveled that are inserted, beveled end first, through the nares into the. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Nasopharyngeal airways may be used instead. (msdmanuals.com)
Nose3
  • The upper airway begins at the entrance of the nose and continues to the hypopharynx. (medscape.com)
  • Upper airway biopsy is surgery to remove a small piece of tissue from the nose, mouth, and throat area. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Do not allow the mixture to enter the mouth, nose, or airways. (cdc.gov)
Continuous4
Supraglottic1
  • Train on correct use of supraglottic equipment with Resusci Anne's realistic airway head module. (laerdal.com)
Pulmonary1
  • Computed tomography (CT)-estimated dimensions of the airway lumen and wall, and accompanying pulmonary artery. (ersjournals.com)
Patients3
Snoring2
  • a. friction rub b. stridor c. snoring d. wheezing - ANSWER d. wheezing suggests lower airway obstrictions or constrictions. (browsegrades.net)
  • A classic breathing noise characterized as a low-pitched, snoring-type sound called stertor may be noted in dogs with brachycephalic airway syndrome. (petmd.com)
Unresponsive1
  • Consistent cough is the body's response to clear the airway obstruction An unresponsive 43 year old male is cool, pale, diaphoretic, and breathing 6 times per minute. (browsegrades.net)
Posterior4
  • An accurate history and physical examination including anterior and posterior rhinoscopy is important in the diagnosis of nasal airway obstruction. (scirp.org)
  • More importantly, the physician should be aware of the possibility of a widened posterior septum as a cause of nasal airway obstruction. (scirp.org)
  • Sokoya, M. and Barham, H. (2016) Posterior Septal Widening as a Cause of Nasal Airway Obstruction. (scirp.org)
  • Herein, we present a case of nasal airway obstruction caused by widening of the posterior septum, a mild but clinically significant form of membranous choanal stenosis. (scirp.org)
Laryngeal1
  • A robust laryngeal cartilaginous framework supports a narrow supraglottal airway. (figshare.com)
Dysfunction1
  • Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease has also been described in upper airway dysfunction. (medscape.com)
Back of the throat1
  • In normal anatomy, there are two small pockets (saccules) in the back of the throat. (petmd.com)
Assessment1
  • Noninvasive methods are required to further investigate the pathogenesis of airway wall remodelling, to assess changes over time, and to allow the assessment of new therapeutic interventions designed to attenuate or reverse these structural changes. (ersjournals.com)
Manikin1
  • The manikin enables teams to practice relevant skills, including team resuscitation in PPE, airway device management, and prone CPR. (laerdal.com)
Clinical anatomy1
  • If any of the statements apply to you, and if you want to refresh your clinical anatomy of the upper airway, come along 🙂 If you're interested in Respiratory Medicine or Intensive Care Medicine, why not? (learnmedicine.org)
Respiratory system1
  • Mucociliary clearance (MCC), mucociliary transport, or the mucociliary escalator, describes the self-clearing mechanism of the airways in the respiratory system. (wikipedia.org)
Passage1
  • Align the upper airway for optimal air passage by placing the patient into a proper sniffing position. (msdmanuals.com)
Tissues2
  • The turbulence leads to vibration of the soft tissues in the collapsible part of the upper airway. (scirp.org)
  • The upper airway tissues are normal, with no abnormal growths. (medlineplus.gov)
Realistic1
Neck1
  • Avoid moving the neck and use only the jaw-thrust maneuver or chin lift without head tilt to manually facilitate opening of the upper airway. (msdmanuals.com)
Lung1
  • Mucociliary clearance functions to remove these particulates and also to trap and remove pathogens from the airways, in order to protect the delicate lung parenchyma, and also to provide protection and moisture to the airways. (wikipedia.org)
Diagnosis1
Nasal Cavity1
  • Having a fundamental knowledge of the anatomy of the nasal cavity is vital in understanding its functions. (nih.gov)