Opioid tolerance and dependence result from adaptations that develop in multiple neural systems after chronic exposure to opioids. (jneurosci.org)
Methods2
In particular, we have developed methods for the stereoselective incorporation of the 1,2,4-dithiazolidine-3,5-dione (Dts imide) moiety into molecules as a masked isocyanate equivalent. (exeter.ac.uk)
Methods: In 8 patients with chronic pruritus due to primary biliary cholangitis, values for a VAS of pruritus were compared with corresponding measurements of scratching activity, which were generated by a monitoring system specifically designed to quantitate this activity. (bvsalud.org)
Develop1
Nevertheless, approximately 5%-20% of patients with EPP develop liver manifestations. (bvsalud.org)
OPIOID RECEPTOR3
Importantly, μ-opioid receptor agonist [D-Ala 2 , N -Me-Phe 4 ,Gly 5 ]-ol-enkephalin (DAMGO) significantly elevated the mechanical thresholds of nociceptive Aδ and C fibres. (biomedcentral.com)
These effects were blocked by DAMGO washout and pre-treatment with the selective μ-opioid receptor antagonist Cys 2 -Tyr 3 -Orn 5 -Pen 7 -amide. (biomedcentral.com)
The overexpression of Μu-opioid receptor (MOR) increases Huh7 cells' proliferation and enhances migration and invasion ability, while xanthomicrol treatment decreases the expression of MOR. (bvsalud.org)
Receptors1
Along with the well-known rewarding effects, activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) can also relieve pain, and some nicotinic agonists have analgesic efficacy similar to opioids. (nih.gov)
Antagonist1
The contributions of MOR and σ1R to its antinociceptive effect were verified by combined administration with the MOR antagonist naloxone and the σ1R agonist PRE-084, respectively. (bvsalud.org)