• However, results with this therapy in peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) are not well defined. (cun.es)
  • Others include cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, marginal zone lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and Waldenström macroglobulinemia. (wikipedia.org)
  • Indolent lymphoma is usually considered incurable without the use of allogeneic stem cell transplantation, unless the disease is localised. (wikipedia.org)
  • Living on a farm is associated with an increased risk of mantle cell lymphoma. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cytopenias are relatively common, but constitutional symptoms such as fever, night sweats, and weight loss are rare in the absence of transformation to diffuse large B cell lymphoma. (wikipedia.org)
  • Unlike most NHL subtypes, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is derived from T cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) is a heterogeneous group of indolent B cell lymphomas that arise from the marginal zone of lymphoid tissues. (wikipedia.org)
  • CT scan of a patient with a natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma of the right nasal cavity and maxillary sinus. (medscape.com)
  • This ulcerated nodule of localized primary cutaneous CD30+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma is relatively nonspecific in appearance. (medscape.com)
  • In this review, we aim to summarize the composition of CAR-T cell and its application in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL), multiple myeloma (MM), and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). (hindawi.com)
  • Angiocrine Bioscience Inc. will use genetically engineered cells, derived from cord blood, to see if they can help alleviate or accelerate recovery from the toxic side effects of chemotherapy for people undergoing treatment for lymphoma and other aggressive cancers of the blood or lymph system. (ca.gov)
  • OBJECTIVE: To assess the prognostic value of various parameters including positron emission tomography / computed tomography (PET/CT) and identify risk factors for survival of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) treated with autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). (smw.ch)
  • Of the NHL patients, 59 (44%) had diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). (smw.ch)
  • Other risk factors for survival were primary refractory disease, initial lymphoma stage, number of previous chemotherapy lines, and high amounts of blood product transfusions. (smw.ch)
  • Autologous bone marrow transplantation as compared with salvage chemotherapy in relapses of chemotherapy-sensitive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. (smw.ch)
  • High-dose therapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation after failure of conventional chemotherapy in adults with intermediate-grade or high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. (smw.ch)
  • High-dose sequential chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation in relapsed and refractory aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: results of a multicenter phase II study. (smw.ch)
  • High dose sequential chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with relapsed/refractory lymphoma. (smw.ch)
  • The role of intensive therapy and autologous blood and marrow transplantation for chemotherapy-sensitive relapsed and primary refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: identification of major prognostic groups. (smw.ch)
  • Malignant blast cells (i.e. diffuse large B-cell lymphoma) are fast-growing and result in aggressive disease, whereas malignant mature lymphocytes (i.e. follicular lymphoma) behave indolently. (oncolink.org)
  • Initial treatment of aggressive lymphoma with high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem-cell support. (qxmd.com)
  • The efficacy of first-line intensive chemotherapy plus transplantation of autologous hematopoietic stem cells in adults with disseminated aggressive lymphoma is unknown. (qxmd.com)
  • The patients were 15 to 60 years of age, had untreated aggressive lymphoma, and were at low, low intermediate, or high intermediate risk of death (i.e., a maximum of two adverse prognostic factors) according to the age-adjusted International Prognostic Index. (qxmd.com)
  • High-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem-cell support is superior to CHOP in adults with disseminated aggressive lymphoma. (qxmd.com)
  • The most common non-Hodgkin lymphoma diagnoses in children are Burkitt lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, lymphoblastic lymphoma, and anaplastic large cell lymphoma. (dana-farber.org)
  • These diseases include mycosis fungoides and subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma. (dana-farber.org)
  • Primary central nervous system lymphoma in children is usually of the diffuse large B-cell lymphoma type. (dana-farber.org)
  • Treatment for primary central nervous system lymphoma requires high doses of chemotherapy that enter the central nervous system, such as high-dose methotrexate and high-dose cytarabine. (dana-farber.org)
  • Radiation therapy has been used as part of the treatment for this lymphoma in adults but may not be necessary if high dose chemotherapy is used in the treatment plan. (dana-farber.org)
  • It will also describe rare forms of panniculitis, such as Eosinophilic panniculitis (a pathological entity debated by many authors), Subcutaneous panniculitis T-cell lymphoma, and the different forms of the so call "Lipophagic panniculitis", encompassing respectively the febrile relapsing panniculitis of Weber-Christian disease and the non-relapsing form of Rothmann-Makai disease. (bvsalud.org)
  • Лімфома Ходжкіна Hodgkin lymphoma is a localized or disseminated malignant proliferation of cells of the lymphoreticular system, primarily involving lymph node tissue, spleen, liver, and bone marrow. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is not one disease but rather a category of lymphocyte cancers with a number of subgroups largely divided into aggressive and indolent types. (msdmanuals.com)
  • 3 - 5 This report by the Spanish Lymphoma Group (GELTAMO) aims to provide useful guidelines and recommendations for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of central nervous system diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients with, or at risk of, leptomeningeal and/or brain parenchyma lymphoma relapse. (haematologica.org)
  • Several factors hinder the identification of risk factors for central nervous system (CNS) involvement in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), including the retrospective nature of most studies, the relatively low frequency of CNS relapse in DLBCL, and the heterogeneity of CNS prophylaxis methods used in these studies. (haematologica.org)
  • Treatment recommendations for patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) begin with evaluating the extent of the disease, performance status of the patient, and histologic subtypes. (medscape.com)
  • Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common form of NHL, accounting for more than 30 percent of newly diagnosed cases. (lymphomaindia.com)
  • DLBCL is an aggressive (fast-growing) lymphoma. (lymphomaindia.com)
  • Another example is "primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma" which often occurs in younger patients and grows rapidly in the chest (mediastinum) Often, the first sign of DLBCL is a painless rapid swelling in the neck, armpit, or groin, which is caused by enlarged lymph nodes. (lymphomaindia.com)
  • Follicular lymphoma (FL), a B-cell lymphoma, is the most common indolent (slow-growing) form of NHL, accounting for approximately 20 percent to 30 percent of all NHLs. (lymphomaindia.com)
  • Approximately 30-40 % of patients with FL will eventually transform to a more aggressive form of lymphoma like Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma and may require intensive chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation. (lymphomaindia.com)
  • SummaryDiffuse large B‑cell lymphoma (DLBCL) comprises 30-40% of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. (deepdyve.com)
  • Background The aggressive form of Mantle cell non-hodgkin B cell lymphoma (MCL) has a dismal prognosis. (bmj.com)
  • Conclusions This case suggests that haplo-CAR T cell therapy can be effective in controlling lymphoma that failed to respond to autologous CAR T cell therapy and overcome limitation of autologous CAR T cells, thus may be one possible regimen before the era of off-the-shelf "universal" CAR T cell therapy. (bmj.com)
  • Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a type of non-Hodgkin B cell lymphoma with a distinctive molecular marker cyclin D1 that is constitutively overexpressed in almost all cases. (bmj.com)
  • Impact of diagnosis to treatment interval in patients with newly diagnosed mantle cell lymphoma. (ucsf.edu)
  • Hypoxia-specific imaging in patients with lymphoma undergoing CAR-T therapy. (ucsf.edu)
  • Geriatric assessment in adults age 50 years and older undergoing autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation for lymphoma. (ucsf.edu)
  • A recently published study showed that when patients have an early first relapse of their diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients have better outcomes," says Leslie Popplewell , MD, Medical Director of Hematology and Blood and Marrow Transplant at City of Hope ® Cancer Center Atlanta . (cancercenter.com)
  • CAR T-cell therapy has really begun to displace autologous stem cell transplants as the preferred treatment for diffuse, large B-cell lymphoma [DLBCL] in early first relapse," Dr. Popplewell says. (cancercenter.com)
  • CAR T-cell therapy that targets the CD19 antigen is now approved for relapsed and/or refractory B-cell lymphoma and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. (cancercenter.com)
  • A CAR T-cell study out of Massachusetts General Hospital , reported in Blood Advances in July, looked at 100 patients who received some form of CAR T-cell therapy for lymphoma, myeloma or B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. (cancercenter.com)
  • For the gene family, see B-cell CLL/lymphoma . (wikipedia.org)
  • [9] If enlarged lymph nodes are caused by infiltrating CLL-type cells, a diagnosis of small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) is made. (wikipedia.org)
  • P. Connor Johnson, MD, and Jeremy S. Abramson MD, MMSc, discuss available treatments for patients with Burkitt lymphoma and high-grade B-cell lymphoma. (cancernetwork.com)
  • This article reviews the current data and future directions in the management of Burkitt lymphoma (BL) and high-grade B-cell lymphoma (HGBL). (cancernetwork.com)
  • BL is a rare, mature B-cell lymphoma molecularly defined by translocation of the proto-oncogene MYC. (cancernetwork.com)
  • HGBL, not otherwise specified (NOS) is a heterogeneous, aggressive, mature B-cell lymphoma that does not meet criteria for BL, DHL, or diffuse large B-cell lymphoma NOS. (cancernetwork.com)
  • 1 A significant minority of these cases were the especially aggressive B-cell lymphomas Burkitt lymphoma (BL) and high-grade B-cell lymphoma (HGBL), the latter of which includes the histologic subtypes HGBL with MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 translocations (conventionally referred to as double-hit lymphoma [DHL]) and HGBL, not otherwise specified (NOS). (cancernetwork.com)
  • The core of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) management is based on the ABVD therapy combination (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine) followed by the recommended form of radiation in the early and advanced stages of the disease [ 1 ]. (wjon.org)
  • After completion of the Run In, an aggressive lymphoma and an indolent lymphoma Dose Expansion cohort may open. (who.int)
  • We conducted a nationwide, multicenter, prospective registry study for newly diagnosed patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) to better define the clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, survival outcomes, and the role of upfront autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in these patients. (e-crt.org)
  • Follicular non-Hodgkin lymphoma grades 3A and 3B have a similar outcome and appear incurable with anthracycline-based therapy. (medscape.com)
  • Serum Levels of the Chemokine CXCL13, Genetic Variation in CXCL13 and Its Receptor CXCR5, and HIV-Associated Non-Hodgkin B-Cell Lymphoma Risk. (medscape.com)
  • Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, which is a form of cancer that affects the lymphatic system. (rarediseases.org)
  • MCL is a B-cell lymphoma that develops from malignant B-lymphocytes within a region of the lymph node known as the mantle zone. (rarediseases.org)
  • Mantle cell lymphoma belongs to a group of diseases known as non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, which are related malignancies (cancers) that affect the lymphatic system. (rarediseases.org)
  • That doesn't even count all the patients with leukemia or lymphoma cured primarily by chemotherapy. (sciencebasedmedicine.org)
  • Discordant lymphomas of classic Hodgkin lymphoma and peripheral T-cell lymphoma following dupilumab treatment for atopic dermatitis. (u-tokyo-hemat.com)
  • Rituximab (chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody) is widely employed in the treatment of patients with B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). (ashpublications.org)
  • CD20-directed monoclonal antibodies clearly demonstrate clinical efficacy in patients with B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). (ashpublications.org)
  • 1 In diffuse large B cell lymphoma and in mantle cell lymphoma, response rates are in the 30% range. (ashpublications.org)
  • In diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), it's critical to understand the genetic risk of each individual patient, according to John M. Pagel, MD, PhD, who added that genetic risk can inform up-front and newly expanding options in the relapsed/refractory setting. (onclive.com)
  • On July 31, 2020, the FDA approved tafasitamab in combination with lenalidomide (Revlimid) for patients with relapsed/refractory DLBCL not otherwise specified, including DLBCL arising from low grade lymphoma, and who are not eligible for autologous stem cell transplant. (onclive.com)
  • Selinexor received regulatory approval on June 22, 2020, for patients with relapsed/refractory DLBCL, not otherwise specified, including DLBCL arising from follicular lymphoma, after at least 2 lines of systemic therapy. (onclive.com)
  • DLBCL has been, largely, a success story for us over the past years because we are now able to provide cures to at least 60% of patients with large cell lymphoma. (onclive.com)
  • The type of lymphoma] depends on the cell of origin. (onclive.com)
  • It's important to understand if it's a germinal center or non-germinal center large cell lymphoma because it's important for prognosis and may be important for treatment and survival. (onclive.com)
  • Now, molecular studies are looking at large cell lymphomas that really break them down into multiple different groups, perhaps 5 different types of large cell lymphoma, based on their genetic signature. (onclive.com)
  • If we see those, [we know] that this is usually a very aggressive large cell lymphoma. (onclive.com)
  • Viral infection can lead to fatal complications in patients with weakened immune systems resulting from chemotherapy, bone marrow or cord blood transplant, and other forms of inherited or acquired disorders. (ca.gov)
  • The Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Stem Cell Transplant Center offers autologous and allogeneic stem cell transplants and is active in researching new stem cell techniques. (dana-farber.org)
  • The procedure is based on an autologous bone-marrow transplant (when patients receive a transplant of their own stem cells) and now constitutes a treatment option to cure an intestinal disease that sometimes does not successfully respond to drugs and requires highly complex surgery that does not provide a cure. (sciencedaily.com)
  • With this therapy, in an average follow-up period of 6 years, 80% of transplant patients are in a phase of total remission of the disease and the remaining 20% have shown considerable improvement following the transplant, and are now responding favorably to drugs. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The transplant requires several weeks of admission to hospital before patients receive their own cells. (sciencedaily.com)
  • 1 Significant advances have been made by combining novel agents with autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation which allows for long-term disease-free survival in the majority of transplant-eligible patients. (haematologica.org)
  • Comparative Effectiveness of Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant vs Fingolimod, Natalizumab, and Ocrelizumab in Highly Active Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis. (msaustralia.org.au)
  • Recent research indicates that the transplant of autologous hematopoietic stem cells (AHSCT) is an excellent treatment for multiple sclerosis. (worldhealth.net)
  • In the single autologous HCT arm, 129 of the 179 patients were subsequently given dinutuximab, an anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody, plus cytokine immunotherapy after single transplant consolidation therapy. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
  • Similarly, 121 of the 176 patients in the other arm received this immunotherapy after double transplant consolidation therapy. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
  • Following that, patients may be eligible for a stem cell transplant, and/or an extended course of immunotherapy that is meant to prolong cancer remission. (rarediseases.org)
  • The standard of care has been to try to get patients to an autologous stem cell transplant, if they've relapsed. (onclive.com)
  • Overall CR rate (CR + CRi), CR, and subsequent allogeneic stem cell transplant (alloSCT) rates remained unchanged since the prior data cut at 71%, 56%, and 20%, respectively. (gilead.com)
  • Novel understanding in the interaction between immune system and cancer cells of the patient holds great promise for immunotherapy development [ 4 - 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • It is noted that T cell has great potential for immunotherapy of hematological malignancies. (hindawi.com)
  • These are slow growing tumors that may be treated with surgery, radiation therapy , the immunotherapy drug rituximab, or occasionally with antibiotics. (dana-farber.org)
  • Most important aspect of therapy is anti CD20 antibody, the Rituximab, which is a kind of immunotherapy or targeted therapy and attacks the CD20 antigen on the cancer cells. (lymphomaindia.com)
  • Multiagent chemotherapy + immunotherapy should be reserved for patients who are having advanced stages of disease and having symptoms/ difficulties related to it. (lymphomaindia.com)
  • SummaryChimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T cells) are a novel form of cellular immunotherapy for patients with hematologic and oncologic malignancies. (deepdyve.com)
  • [10] In those with significant symptoms, chemotherapy , immunotherapy , or chemoimmunotherapy may be used. (wikipedia.org)
  • Advances in cellular immunotherapy that spur genetically modified T cells to attack cancer cells have revolutionized the treatment of certain blood cancers. (wustl.edu)
  • The study further demonstrated that tandem autologous HCT also benefits patients who received immunotherapy, with a significant difference in 3-year event-free survival between the 2 treatment arms ( P =.0033). (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
  • The first-line treatment typically includes chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy, which is a combination of medications that destroy the cancer cells. (rarediseases.org)
  • Nevertheless, ex vivo activation with cytokines can restore cytolytic activity of NK cells against GB, indicating that NK cells have potential for adoptive immunotherapy of GB if potent cytotoxicity can be maintained in vivo . (frontiersin.org)
  • Furthermore, similar to T cells, specific recognition and elimination of cancer cells by NK cells can be markedly enhanced through expression of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), which provides an opportunity to generate NK-cell therapeutics of defined specificity for cancer immunotherapy. (frontiersin.org)
  • We then outline preclinical approaches that employ CAR-NK cells for GB immunotherapy, and give an overview on the ongoing clinical development of ErbB2 (HER2)-specific CAR-NK cells currently applied in a phase I clinical trial in glioblastoma patients. (frontiersin.org)
  • CD19-directed genetically modified autologous T cell immunotherapy. (empr.com)
  • In the CheckMate -743 trial, this dual immunotherapy combination demonstrated a clinically meaningful improvement in survival over the standard of care, with 41% of patients who received Opdivo plus Yervoy still alive at two years, compared to only 27% with chemotherapy," said Abderrahim Oukessou, M.D., vice president, thoracic cancers development lead, Bristol Myers Squibb. (pharmiweb.com)
  • Here we present an analysis of SPM incidence and profile the SPM type to determine the impact of autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) and lenalidomide exposure in 4358 patients treated on study. (nyu.edu)
  • In an interview with OncLive , Pagel, chief of the Hematologic Malignancies Program, and director of the Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Program, at Swedish Cancer Institute, discussed current treatment approaches in frontline and relapsed/refractory DLBCL and provided insight on some of the agents that are generating excitement in the relapsed/refractory setting. (onclive.com)
  • High-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem-cell rescue (HDC/ASCT) is the best salvage therapy for patients with aggressive B-cell lymphomas. (cun.es)
  • Salvage treatment results with HDC/ASCT in PTCL are similar to those found in corresponding aggressive B-cell lymphomas. (cun.es)
  • T-cell immunophenotype constitutes an unfavorable prognostic factor in aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. (cun.es)
  • citation needed] With a few exceptions, indolent lymphomas are of B cell origin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCLs) are distinguished from other lymphomas by their anaplastic cytology and constant membrane expression of the CD30 antigen (an activation marker for B or T cells). (medscape.com)
  • The belief that T-cell lymphomas have a worse prognosis than B-cell lymphomas remains controversial. (oncolink.org)
  • REAL/WHO- [6] - classification includes leukemias and lymphomas, with 3 categories based on lineage and morphology (Hodgkin, B cell, and T/NK cell). (oncolink.org)
  • Most non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) in children are fast growing, aggressive cancers. (dana-farber.org)
  • However, there are several slow growing B-cell lymphomas that occur in this young age group. (dana-farber.org)
  • There are also rare T-cell lymphomas that are more frequently seen in adults but occasionally occur in children. (dana-farber.org)
  • There is no standard therapy for these lymphomas in children. (dana-farber.org)
  • Non-Hodgkin lymphomas are a heterogeneous group of disorders involving malignant monoclonal proliferation of lymphoid cells in lymphoreticular sites, including lymph nodes, bone marrow, the spleen, the liver, and the gastrointestinal tract. (msdmanuals.com)
  • With few exceptions, stem cell transplantation is usually reserved for patients with aggressive lymphomas after incomplete remission or relapse. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The aggressive B-cell lymphomas BL, DHL, and HGBL, NOS are unique diseases with specific pathogenesis and biology. (cancernetwork.com)
  • Lymphomas are cancers that involve white blood cells, and can be divided depending on the type of cell involved, either B-lymphocytes or T-lymphocytes. (rarediseases.org)
  • The EC granted Cell Therapeutics' Pixuvri® (pixantrone) conditional marketing authorization for use as monotherapy in the treatment of adult patients with multiply relapsed or refractory aggressive non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphomas (NHL). (genengnews.com)
  • If you're seeing these very aggressive, large cell lymphomas, follow them very closely and be prepared for the next type of treatment they may need. (onclive.com)
  • The place of high-dose BEAM therapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation in poor-risk Hodgkin's disease. (smw.ch)
  • Dose intensification with autologous bone-marrow transplantation in relapsed and resistant Hodgkin's disease: results of a BNLI randomised trial. (smw.ch)
  • High-dose chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow transplantation: 11 years' experience in Zurich. (smw.ch)
  • MM is considered relative paucity of CNS invasion by MM an incurable disease despite various meth- in comparison with other tumours, whether ods of treatment, including autologous bone solid or haematological, remain unknown, marrow transplantation [ 3 ]. (who.int)
  • The choice of chemotherapy depends on several factors, including the patient's performance status, age, renal function, desire for inpatient or outpatient therapy, and likelihood of receiving future autologous stem cell transplantation. (medscape.com)
  • Treatment includes chemotherapy and often stem cell transplantation , either from the patient's own bone marrow (autologous) or sometimes from another person's bone marrow (allogeneic). (dana-farber.org)
  • T-cells have receptors that can latch onto the antigens (proteins) on the surface of cancer cells, but a patient's T-cells do not have the specific receptor needed to successfully identify and fight his or her cancer. (cancercenter.com)
  • Laboratories can now alter a patient's T-cells to produce the needed receptors through the CAR T-cell process. (cancercenter.com)
  • First, some of the patient's T-cells are removed through apheresis, a process similar to blood donation. (cancercenter.com)
  • Technicians send the removed T-cells to a laboratory, where they are modified into CAR T-cells that are better equipped to fight the patient's cancer. (cancercenter.com)
  • The modified cells, now designed to better identify and kill the patient's cancer cells, then need to be multiplied before being infused into the patient's body. (cancercenter.com)
  • AHSCT involves the harvesting of a patient's own stem cells. (worldhealth.net)
  • The next step is the return of harvested stem cells to the patient's blood. (worldhealth.net)
  • Once destroyed, the immune system is then rebuilt using blood and bone marrow stem cells which would have been collected from the patient's own blood prior to chemotherapy. (sheffield.ac.uk)
  • Angiocrine is developing a cell therapy aimed to improve the availability and engraftment of blood stem cell transplants for cancer patients who have had their cancerous bone marrow removed by chemotherapy. (ca.gov)
  • These mice are devoid of endogenous natural killer and T-cell activity and were used to determine whether adoptively transferred expanded natural killer cells could inhibit myeloma growth and myeloma-associated bone destruction. (haematologica.org)
  • The transferred, expanded natural killer cells proliferated in vivo in an interleukin-2 dose-dependent fashion, persisted up to 4 weeks, were readily detectable in the human bone, inhibited myeloma growth and protected bone from myeloma-induced osteolysis. (haematologica.org)
  • Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant plasma cell disorder with debilitating symptoms related to anemia, immunosuppression, bone destruction, and renal failure. (haematologica.org)
  • Chronic lymphocytic leukemia ( CLL ) is a type of cancer in which the bone marrow makes too many lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell ). (wikipedia.org)
  • [4] [9] CLL results in the buildup of B cell lymphocytes in the bone marrow, lymph nodes, and blood . (wikipedia.org)
  • [17] Less commonly, the disease comes to light only after the cancerous cells overwhelm the bone marrow, resulting in low red blood cells, neutrophils, or platelets. (wikipedia.org)
  • [18] Whereas, with CLL, diseased cells propagate from within the bone marrow, in SLL they propagate from within the lymphatic tissue. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lymphatic tissues also include the thymus, a relatively small organ behind the breastbone that is thought to play an important role in the immune system until puberty, as well as the bone marrow, which is the spongy tissue inside the cavities of bones that manufactures blood cells. (rarediseases.org)
  • HSCT make it an aggressive process, causing consists of painless intravenous infusion of healthy toxicity and can generate significant complications hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) extracted from bone and several side effects adding feelings of worry, marrow (BM), peripheral blood (PB) and placental anguish, anxiety, among others (KUBA et al. (bvsalud.org)
  • Multiple myeloma is a bone marrow disease characterized by the presence of malignant plasma cells, & abnormal serum &/or urine immunoglobulin secondary to clonal plasma cell expansion. (mims.com)
  • Malignant plasma cells in meningeal MM out of 2000 patients with bone marrow produce an immunoglobulin, MM, was reported was by Schluterman et al. (who.int)
  • The prevalence production, lytic lesions and increased of leptomeningeal infiltration in breast can- plasma cells in the bone marrow [ 1 ]. (who.int)
  • The nature of disease (indolent vs. aggressive) is correlated to the stage of lymphocytic differentiation of the malignant cells. (oncolink.org)
  • MCL can be both indolent or aggressive, in either case it responds poorly to chemotherapy and consequently the aggressive form has a dismal prognosis assessed by incorporating Ki-67 proliferation index and Mantle Cell International Prognostic Index scores. (bmj.com)
  • This agent has activity in both indolent and aggressive disease, alone and in combination with chemotherapy. (ashpublications.org)
  • 1 line of systemic therapy in case of participants ineligible for high-dose chemotherapy and autologous Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). (who.int)
  • Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) affects serious risks for the patient, including death. (bvsalud.org)
  • HSCT) has significantly modified the prognosis of when the pathological process involves BM or when patients with hereditary or acquired hematological, hematopoietic toxicity is the limiting factor in the oncological and immunological diseases and it is the aggressive treatment of the disease. (bvsalud.org)
  • Also, drastic changes in daily living habits, qualified and responsible for the implementation of changes in body image, long duration of treatment, HSCT since 2004, agreed to the Brazilian Unified periods of hospitalization and protective isolation, Health System, which meets the needs of the feeling of loss of control, fear of death and lack of patients with an indication for transplantation. (bvsalud.org)
  • It is indicated as monotherapy, in combination with dexamethasone, or in combination with lenalidomide plus dexamethasone for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma in patients who have received at least 1 prior line of therapy. (medscape.com)
  • Research Objective We will use integrated gene editing techniques to develop a new CAR-T cell therapy for multiple myeloma treatment Impact Develop an improved CAR-T cell therapy for patients with refractory multiple myeloma and a new manufacturing strategy that circumvents the costs and inefficiencies of viral production. (ca.gov)
  • Validation of prognostic factors and survival of patients with multiple myeloma in a real-life autologous stem cell transplantation setting: a Swiss single centre experience. (smw.ch)
  • Background Patients with gene expression profiling-defined high-risk myeloma in relapse have poor outcomes with current therapies. (haematologica.org)
  • We tested whether natural killer cells expanded by co-culture with K562 cells transfected with 41BBL and membrane-bound interleukin-15 could kill myeloma cells with a high-risk gene expression profile in vitro and in a unique model which recapitulates human myeloma. (haematologica.org)
  • Results Natural killer cells from healthy donors and myeloma patients expanded a median of 804- and 351-fold, respectively, without significant T-cell expansion. (haematologica.org)
  • Expanded natural killer cells killed both allogeneic and autologous primary myeloma cells avidly via a perforin-mediated mechanism in which the activating receptor NKG2D, natural cytotoxicity receptors, and DNAX-accessory molecule-1 played a central role. (haematologica.org)
  • Adoptive transfer of expanded natural killer cells inhibited the growth of established OPM2 and high-risk primary myeloma tumors grown in the murine model. (haematologica.org)
  • Monoclonal antibody that binds with high affinity to the CD38 molecule, which is highly expressed on the surface of multiple myeloma cells. (medscape.com)
  • B-cell maturation antigen-(BCMA) targeted CAR T-cells are approved for relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma . (cancercenter.com)
  • Development of Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative disorder and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis during long-term lenalidomide maintenance therapy in multiple myeloma. (u-tokyo-hemat.com)
  • Of these, 27.91% had a main diagnosis indicating the transplantation of Multiple Myeloma (MM), and 58.14 received autologous transplantation. (bvsalud.org)
  • ABSTRACT Multiple myeloma (MM) is a systemic malignancy of pathologic plasma cells that is treat able with chemotherapeutic agents and irradiation, but rarely curable. (who.int)
  • Multiple myeloma (MM) is a cancer of the The largest series, 23 patients with lepto- plasma cells. (who.int)
  • One patient was treated with radiation therapy and 7 patients received chemotherapy, including 4 of 7 patients who underwent autologous stem cell transplantation. (duke.edu)
  • occasionally, radiation therapy is added. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Radiation therapy is good enough for a patient who is having an early stage disease/ localized disease (stage-1) and having some symptoms because of it. (lymphomaindia.com)
  • The Nigro protocol, by the way, consists of combined chemotherapy and radiation and is still the standard of care for anal cancer. (sciencebasedmedicine.org)
  • Although the incidence of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia is increased in PV, the incidence of acute leukemia in patients not exposed to chemotherapy or radiation therapy is low. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • 2016). The high doses of chemotherapy used in al. (bvsalud.org)
  • Rituximab should be combined with the chemotherapy for more efficient cancer cell kill. (lymphomaindia.com)
  • Maintenance therapy: Rituximab is also recommended as maintenance therapy for 2 years. (lymphomaindia.com)
  • A study by Salles et al determined that correlations between specific biomarkers and the international prognostic index (IPI) score demonstrate that IPI remains the best available index in patients with DLBCL treated with rituximab and chemotherapy. (medscape.com)
  • Evidence has suggested that prolonged exposure (beyond 4 weekly infusions) may improve efficacy of single agent rituximab therapy (as discussed fully by Dr. Ghielmini in this volume). (ashpublications.org)
  • The EMA's Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use will also accept for review data from an ongoing Phase III trial, PIX306, which is comparing Pixuvri-rituximab to gemcitabine-rituximab in relapsed patients with aggressive B-cell NHL who aren't eligible for autologous stem cell transplantation. (genengnews.com)
  • The addition of rituximab (Rituxan) to standard CHOP-based chemotherapy represented a major advance in the frontline treatment of patients with DLBCL. (onclive.com)
  • Invited discussant for this abstract Dominique Valteau-Couanet, MD, PhD, head of the pediatric and adolescent oncology department at Institut Gustave Roussy in France, questioned which patients actually benefit from tandem autologous HCT: patients with localized disease and MYCN amplification? (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
  • Three nosocomial outbreaks of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 were reported in hemopoietic transplantation units and oncology wards. (cdc.gov)
  • Of note, CD19, CD20, CD30, CD33, CD123, and CD269 as ideal targets have shown extraordinary potential for CAR-T cell therapy and other targets such as CD23 and SLAMF7 have brought promising future for clinical trials. (hindawi.com)
  • LICs give rise to drug-resistance and relapse and remain unsolved clinical problems in B cell tumors. (ca.gov)
  • Low-dose filgrastim significantly enhances neutrophil recovery following autologous peripheral-blood stem-cell transplantation in patients with lymphoproliferative disorders: evidence for clinical and economic benefit. (smw.ch)
  • However, after immunosuppressive therapy, clinical and laboratory symptomatology improved rapidly as well as the patients quality of life. (bvsalud.org)
  • A combined immunosuppressive therapy was followed by improvement of clinical state as well as laboratory parameters (Tab. (bvsalud.org)
  • For each type of panniculitis considered concise information will be given about epidemiology, etiology, clinical findings, laboratory data, prognosis and therapy, while histopathologic findings will be described in detail. (bvsalud.org)
  • Clinical factors such as a high International Prognostic Index (IPI) or molecular factors as cell of origin (COO) have an influence on the clinical outcome after conventional immunochemotherapy. (deepdyve.com)
  • Scientists working in basic, translational, and clinical cancer metabolism research are invited to join the Academy in New York on April 17th to discuss the intersection between cell signaling and metabolism. (nyas.org)
  • One important question that is yet to be definitively answered is how AHSCT stacks up as a treatment against the new generation, highly efficacious therapies available for relapsing MS. However, to date there have been limited clinical trials comparing the success rate of AHSCT with more conventional treatments of relapsing remitting MS. (msaustralia.org.au)
  • It will be the first to compare how effectively autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) is when compared with four other highly effective drug treatments which have shown great promise in clinical trials (alemtuzumab, ocrelizumab, ofatumumab and cladribine). (sheffield.ac.uk)
  • Under terms of the conditional marketing approval, Cell Therapeutics will complete a post-marketing study to confirm the clinical benefits of Pixuvri. (genengnews.com)
  • Many of the clinical complications of PV relate directly to the increase in blood viscosity associated with red cell mass elevation and indirectly to the increased turnover of red cells, leukocytes, and platelets with the attendant increase in uric acid and cytokine production. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Breyanzi is shipped directly to the cell lab or clinical pharmacy associated with the infusion center in the vapor phase of a liquid nitrogen shipper. (empr.com)
  • Staff should remain alert to the possibility of influenza in patients with complex clinical problems and be ready to institute antiviral therapy while awaiting diagnosis during influenza outbreaks. (cdc.gov)
  • Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) alone or in combination with chemotherapy: Two radioimmunotherapy drugs are commercially available: Iodine 131 tositumomab (Bexxar) and Y90 ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin). (lymphomaindia.com)
  • 99 were assigned to receive CHOP, and 98 to receive high-dose chemotherapy plus stem-cell transplantation. (qxmd.com)
  • The estimated event-free survival rate (+/-SD) at five years was significantly higher among patients who received high-dose therapy than among patients who received CHOP (55+/-5 percent vs. 37+/-5 percent, P=0.037). (qxmd.com)
  • Among patients with a high intermediate risk of death, according to the age-adjusted International Prognostic Index, the five-year survival rate was significantly higher after high-dose therapy than after CHOP (74+/-6 percent vs. 44+/-7 percent, P=0.001). (qxmd.com)
  • The patient is subjected to a powerful dose of chemotherapy to destroy any diseased cells. (worldhealth.net)
  • AHSCT aims to stop the damage caused by MS to the brain and spinal cord by 'wiping out' the faulty immune system with a high dose of chemotherapy. (sheffield.ac.uk)
  • High-dose chemotherapy (using a different chemotherapeutic agent) and autologous stem cell transplantation (SCT) is considered the treatment of choice in a subset of patients. (wjon.org)
  • However, in these patients, conventional-dose chemotherapy regimens induce low remission rates, resulting in long-term remissions in approximately 40-50% of relapsed patients and in up to 25-30% of those with primary refractory disease. (wjon.org)
  • Up to 12 adult participants with r/r aggressive B-cell NHL may be enrolled into a Run In dose level. (who.int)
  • Because pilot studies of tandem autologous HCT demonstrated tolerable toxicity and potential efficacy and because prior trials have demonstrated that dose intensification improves outcomes, researchers decided to explore tandem transplantation in patients with high-risk neuroblastoma. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
  • Strategies to potentially improve efficacy include increases in dose (particularly through "maintenance" or "extended induction" schedules), as well as the addition of chemotherapy or novel biologic agents. (ashpublications.org)
  • Relapsed/refractory after 1 line of therapy: give a single dose of 90-110×10 6 CAR-positive viable T cells (consisting of 1:1 CD8 and CD4 components), with each component supplied separately. (empr.com)
  • The trial met its primary endpoint, showing superior overall survival (OS) with Opdivo plus Yervoy versus chemotherapy (pemetrexed and cisplatin or carboplatin) in all randomized patients. (pharmiweb.com)
  • EBV infection is a rare primary or secondary event in NLPHL that correlates with poorer prognosis and often requires more aggressive therapy. (duke.edu)
  • The chance of recovery (prognosis) and choice of treatment depend on the stage of the cancer (whether it is just in the breast or has spread to other places in the body), the type of breast cancer, certain characteristics of the cancer cells, and whether the cancer is found in the other breast. (stopgettingsick.com)
  • For these patients, following additional therapies are often successful in providing another remission. (lymphomaindia.com)
  • Replacing the cells of damaged tissue with other new cells from the same patient is already a reality. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The surgery is occasionally very aggressive for the patient, as it is sometimes necessary to remove the entire colon or large sections of the small intestine, thereby considerably affecting the absorption of food by the intestine, with a resulting deterioration in quality of life and body image (colostomy bag). (sciencedaily.com)
  • Safe administration of CAR-T cell therapy requires thorough patient selection and patient care in qualified CAR-T cell centers. (deepdyve.com)
  • Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T (CAR T) cells exhibit very effective function in elimination of relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphoid malignancies, we investigated their use in a patient with relapsed MCL. (bmj.com)
  • Case presentation Here, we report a case of a refractory MCL in a patient who had relapsed after conventional chemotherapy and autologous CAR T cell therapy. (bmj.com)
  • The patient received multiple molecularly targeted therapies, including targeting BTK and BCL2, and haplo-identical CAR T (haplo-CAR T) cells from her daughter without previous allo-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. (bmj.com)
  • Emily Whitehead was 6 years old and near death at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia when she became the first pediatric patient to receive yet-to-be approved chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy to treat her leukemia. (cancercenter.com)
  • Blood is removed from the patient, it is spun in an apheresis machine to extract the T-cells. (cancercenter.com)
  • The lab re-engineers the T-cells by inserting genetic information that directs the T-cells to make receptors for the specific type of cancer cells in the patient. (cancercenter.com)
  • There is not a single cancer patient that has ever been cured by chemotherapy. (sciencebasedmedicine.org)
  • From a cancer patient population and public health perspective, cancer chemotherapy (chemo) has been a major medical advance . (sciencebasedmedicine.org)
  • A "normal" hematocrit or hemoglobin level in a PV patient with massive splenomegaly should be considered indicative of an elevated red cell mass until proven otherwise. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • The rehabilitation centres should be qualified and experienced because this patient group exhibits problems that differ from those of patients who have undergone oncological therapies or autologous HCT. (mdpi.com)
  • T cell immune protection plays a pivotal role in the treatment of patients with hematological malignancies. (hindawi.com)
  • However, T cell exhaustion might lead to the possibility of immune escape of hematological malignancies. (hindawi.com)
  • Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells can restore the activity of exhausted T cell through reprogramming and is widely used in the treatment of relapsed/refractory (r/r) hematological malignancies. (hindawi.com)
  • However, CAR-T cells can also produce some adverse events after treatment of hematological malignancies, such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS), neurotoxicity, and on-target/off-tumor toxicity, which may cause systemic immune stress inflammation, destruction of the blood-brain barrier, and even normal tissue damage. (hindawi.com)
  • Traditionally, the treatment of hematological malignancies is administrated by chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and stem cell transplantation. (hindawi.com)
  • In recent years, with the increased understanding of the molecular genetic basis of these malignancies, immune-targeted therapy has become a new possibility for the treatment of hematological malignancies. (hindawi.com)
  • In addition, the isolation and storage of umbilical cord blood hematopoietic stem cells have been used to rebuild the immune system for the treatment of hematological malignancies and might be promising for the dynamic equilibrium expansion of functional T cells [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Most of these malignancies are of B-cell origin. (oncolink.org)
  • It is one of the most aggressive malignancies in existence, with a rapid growth pattern, and it is uniformly fatal if untreated. (cancernetwork.com)
  • Treatment for NHL is based on the type of disease and involves combination therapy or targeted therapies derived from the immunohistochemistry of the tumor. (medscape.com)
  • Reprogramming is a promising treatment, which redifferentiates T-induced pluripotent stem cells (T-IPSCs) into naïve and cytotoxic T cells or dedifferentiates within their own lineage [ 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Impact Treatment of the cancer stem cell driven disease Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) will be impacted. (ca.gov)
  • Cellular therapy with stem cells is revolutionizing the focus of treatment of many serious diseases. (sciencedaily.com)
  • To date, a total of 6 patients are benefiting from this new treatment, of whom 3 I've already completed the process and are in the follow-up face, and a further 3 are at different stages of therapy. (sciencedaily.com)
  • This symposium presents a remarkable opportunity to convene with other researchers, clinicians, and industry leaders to discuss the extraordinary progress and immense potential of new drug therapies and technologies in paving the way for a brighter future in cancer treatment. (nyas.org)
  • AHSCT is an immunosuppressive chemotherapy treatment combined with reinfusion of blood stem cells to help re-build the immune system. (msaustralia.org.au)
  • It has a broad suppressive effect on all immune cells, whereas many of the more conventional treatment options are more selective and targeted to a small subset of immune cells. (msaustralia.org.au)
  • And, if CAR T-cell therapy fails, standardized treatment protocols have yet to be determined to stop the cancer from growing, though some treatments have shown limited success. (cancercenter.com)
  • The science behind this game-changing treatment has progressed remarkably since the first two types of the therapy received Food and Drug Administration approval in 2017, with many new forms being studied. (cancercenter.com)
  • But, as with many cancer therapies, CAR T doesn't always eradicate the disease and it may still progress in a significant number of patients following treatment. (cancercenter.com)
  • We are moving CAR T-cell therapy up sooner in treatment. (cancercenter.com)
  • A world-first trial is investigating if stem cell transplantation could be used in patients with aggressive multiple sclerosis (MS) as a first-line treatment. (sheffield.ac.uk)
  • Meanwhile, the real quackery is found in the pushing of toxic chemotherapy chemicals that are injected into the bodies of patients and called "treatment" when they should really be called "torture. (sciencebasedmedicine.org)
  • Here, we discuss effects of the GB tumor microenvironment on NK-cell functionality, summarize early treatment attempts with ex vivo activated NK cells, and describe relevant CAR target antigens validated with CAR-T cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Despite this aggressive treatment, median survival of glioblastoma patients is only about 15 months, and recurrence remains almost inevitable ( 1 , 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Mesothelioma is often detected decades after exposure to asbestos, and for years these patients have faced this aggressive cancer with few treatment options. (pharmiweb.com)
  • Reversible proteasome inhibition disrupts pathways supporting cell growth, thus decreasing cancer cell survival. (medscape.com)
  • Results showed that 3-year event-free survival was 48.4% ± 3.8% with single autologous HCT compared with 61.4% ± 3.7% with tandem autologous HCT ( P =.0081). (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
  • Results from the analysis showed a median overall survival (OS) of 26 months and demonstrated that responses remained durable in adults with relapsed/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (R/R B-ALL) with a consistent safety profile observed since the two-year analysis. (gilead.com)
  • The continued durable response and significant improvement in survival indicated by these new data can potentially establish a new standard of care for adult patients living with this aggressive form of leukemia. (gilead.com)
  • Nevertheless, the composition of the immunologic tumor microenvironment undergoes changes upon radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or even after anti-angiogenic therapy ( 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • 2 prior lines of anti-neoplastic systemic therapy. (who.int)
  • ZUMA-3 is an ongoing international multicenter (US, Canada, Europe), single arm, open label, registrational Phase 1/2 study of Tecartus in adult patients (≥18 years old) with ALL whose disease is refractory to or has relapsed following standard systemic therapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. (gilead.com)
  • or relapsed or refractory disease after ≥2 lines of systemic therapy. (empr.com)
  • Some patients may not respond to chemotherapy at all while few patients respond initially but later on relapse. (lymphomaindia.com)
  • Colette Beecher, 50, from Wickersley, Rotherham, was diagnosed with MS in January 2011, and has been relapse-free for three years after having the MS stem cell transplantation at Sheffield's Royal Hallamshire Hospital in April 2016. (sheffield.ac.uk)
  • Dual targeting BTK and BCL2 with ibrutinib and venetoclax has improved outcomes in MCL patients who were predicted not to respond to conventional therapy, but it is unlikely to be curative. (bmj.com)
  • Prompt Initiation of Conventional Chemotherapy to Avoid Early Death in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia. (u-tokyo-hemat.com)
  • The cancer cells use that protein to evade the component of our immune system that routinely destroys tumors. (ca.gov)
  • T-cells are white blood cells that the immune system produces to help destroy foreign cells. (cancercenter.com)
  • AHSCT makes use of aggressive chemotherapy that significantly weakens the immune system and spikes one's risk for infection. (worldhealth.net)
  • PC-ALCL is one of the primary cutaneous CD30 + T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders, a wide spectrum of disease, with lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) at the benign end of the spectrum and PC-ALCL at the malignant end. (medscape.com)
  • Загальні відомості про лейкоз Leukemia is a malignant condition involving the excess production of immature or abnormal leukocytes, which eventually suppresses the production of normal blood cells and results in symptoms. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Breast cancer, a common cancer in women, is a disease in which cancer (malignant) cells are found in the tissues of the breast. (stopgettingsick.com)
  • In all cases, lymphocyte predominant (LP) cells were observed in a background of small lymphocytes and histiocytes. (duke.edu)
  • Diagnosis is typically based on blood tests finding high numbers of mature lymphocytes and smudge cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most people are diagnosed as having CLL based on the result of a routine blood test that shows a high white blood cell count, specifically a large increase in the number of circulating lymphocytes . (wikipedia.org)
  • Lymph accumulates in the tiny spaces between tissue cells and contains proteins, fats, and certain white blood cells known as lymphocytes. (rarediseases.org)
  • An 11-kDa protein associated with the outer membrane of many cells including lymphocytes. (lookformedical.com)
  • B and T lymphocytes, CD4+ B lymphocytes versus CD8+ T lymphocytes), and tests that measure T-cell proliferation or function in response to specific or nonspecific stimuli (e.g., lymphocyte proliferation assays) ( 4,5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults and currently incurable. (frontiersin.org)
  • In adults, B-cell precursor ALL is the most common form, accounting for 75% of cases. (gilead.com)
  • Other laboratory studies that may aid in diagnosis include the red cell count, mean corpuscular volume, and red cell distribution width (RDW), particularly when the hematocrit or hemoglobin levels are less than 60% or 20 g/dL, respectively. (basicmedicalkey.com)