The mononuclear spot test or monospot test, a form of the heterophile antibody test, is a rapid test for infectious mononucleosis due to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). (wikipedia.org)
Antigen2
It has the following characteristics: VCAs (Viral Capsid Antigen) of the IgM class, antibodies to EBV early antigen (anti-EA), absent antibodies to EBV nuclear antigen (anti-EBNA)[citation needed] One source states that the specificity of the test is high, virtually 100%, Another source states that a number of other conditions can cause false positives. (wikipedia.org)
Heterophile also can mean that it is an antibody that reacts with antigens other than the antigen that stimulated it (an antibody that crossreacts). (wikipedia.org)
The test is usually performed using commercially available test kits which detect the reaction of heterophile antibodies in a person's blood sample with horse or cow red blood cell antigens. (wikipedia.org)
Test4
The test is specific for heterophile antibodies produced by the human immune system in response to EBV infection. (wikipedia.org)
This lack of sensitivity is especially the case in young children, many of whom will not produce detectable amounts of the heterophile antibody and will thus have a false negative test result. (wikipedia.org)
The presence of endomysial antibodies IgG, may be useful in identifying IgA-deficient patients at risk for celiac disease. (thumbaylabs.com)
Monoclonal5
Agglutination of Borreliella burgdorferi by Transmission-Blocking OspA Monoclonal Antibodies and Monovalent Fab Fragments. (umassmed.edu)
Antigenic heterogeneity of breast cell lines detected by monoclonal antibodies and its relationship with the cell cycle. (ox.ac.uk)
Established cell lines were stained by immunofluorescence with four monoclonal antibodies to study the phenomenon of antigenic heterogeneity and its possible relation to the cell cycle. (ox.ac.uk)
Five cell lines thought to be of breast origin, MCF-7, ZR-75-1, T47D, MDA-MB-231 and HBL-100, were stained with three monoclonal antibodies (LICR-LON-M8, LICR-LON-M18, LICR-LON-M24) that each stain a distinct subset of normal breast epithelial cells, i.e. demonstrate antigenic heterogeneity in normal breast epithelial cells. (ox.ac.uk)
Monoclonal antibodies to hyphal exoantigens derived from the opportunistic pathogen Aspergillus terreus. (jefferson.edu)
Species2
Heterophile means it reacts with proteins across species lines. (wikipedia.org)
[ 50 ] These are antibodies that agglutinate cells from other species and are not directed against Epstein-Barr virus. (medscape.com)
RBCs2
Sheep RBCs agglutinate in the presence of heterophile antibodies and are the basis for the Paul-Bunnell test. (medscape.com)
Agglutination of horse RBCs on exposure to heterophile antibodies is the basis of the Monospot test. (medscape.com)
Viral capsid3
It has the following characteristics: VCAs (Viral Capsid Antigen) of the IgM class, antibodies to EBV early antigen (anti-EA), absent antibodies to EBV nuclear antigen (anti-EBNA)[citation needed] One source states that the specificity of the test is high, virtually 100%, Another source states that a number of other conditions can cause false positives. (wikipedia.org)
IgM and IgG antibodies directed against viral capsid antigen has high sensitivity and specificity. (medscape.com)
Viral capsid antigen (VCA) - Anti-VCA IgM and anti-VCA IgG antibodies directed against EBV viral capsid antigen are present at the onset of infection. (medscape.com)
These antibodies appear during or after an infection with the virus that causes mononucleosis, or mono. (medlineplus.gov)
Infection3
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection induces specific antibodies to EBV and various unrelated non-EBV heterophile antibodies. (medscape.com)
Epstein-Barr virus infection stimulates polyclonal secretion of antibodies by infected B cells. (medscape.com)
Transient production of heterophile antibodies is seen in EBV infection and is known as Paul-Bunnell antibodies . (medscape.com)
Diagnostic1
Reactive heterophile antibodies in a patient with the typical symptoms are diagnostic of EBV and further testing for specific antibodies to EBV is not necessary. (medscape.com)
Symptoms1
The highest amount of heterophile antibodies occurs 2 to 5 weeks after the onset of symptoms. (wikipedia.org)