• Accurately detecting and identifying biological warfare agents (BWAs) is the focal point for countering bioterrorism. (cdc.gov)
  • The potential spectrum of bioterrorism ranges from hoaxes and actual use of agents by individuals or groups against others, to state-sponsored terrorism that employs biological warfare (BW) agents and delivery systems that can produce mass casualties. (medscape.com)
  • CCHFV is designated as a biosafety level 4 pathogen (the highest level of biocontainment) and is a Category A bioterrorism/biological warfare agent. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Biological warfare and bioterrorism is an unpleasant fact of 21st century life. (harvard.edu)
  • Additionally, Bacillus anthracis has always been high on the list of potential agents with respect to biological warfare and bioterrorism, having been used in that context on at least two occasions. (who.int)
  • Biological warfare, also known as germ warfare, is the use of biological toxins or infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, insects, and fungi with the intent to kill, harm or incapacitate humans, animals or plants as an act of war. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sometimes known as "germ warfare," biological weapons involve the use of toxins or infectious agents that are biological in origin. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Late in July it was the turn of the 1972 treaty outlawing germ warfare. (dhushara.com)
  • Offensive biological warfare in international armed conflicts is a war crime under the 1925 Geneva Protocol and several international humanitarian law treaties. (wikipedia.org)
  • Accordingly, biological agents are potentially useful as strategic deterrents, in addition to their utility as offensive weapons on the battlefield. (wikipedia.org)
  • Origins of BWC At least going back to World War II we had an extremely aggressive offensive biological warfare program. (ratical.org)
  • Finally, Nixon and Kissinger decided to get rid of this offensive biological warfare program on two grounds. (ratical.org)
  • And at least after the treaty came into effect we wound down our offensive biological warfare program. (ratical.org)
  • They engaged in dual-use research and development of biological agents, that is research that could be put to both offensive uses and defensive uses at the same time. (ratical.org)
  • Natural News ) We now have bombshell, smoking gun evidence that the CoVid-19 "Wuhan" coronavirus was specifically engineered as an offensive biological warfare weapon, designed to target to exterminate human beings. (algora.com)
  • Before the 20th century, biological warfare took three main forms: (1) deliberate poisoning of food and water with infectious or toxic material, (2) use of microorganisms or toxins in some form of weapon system, and (3) use of biologically inoculated fabrics. (medscape.com)
  • Biological warfare became more sophisticated against both animals and humans during the 20th century. (medscape.com)
  • Such use is contrary to international law and has rarely taken place during formal warfare in modern history, despite the extensive preparations and stockpiling of biological agents carried out during the 20th century by most major powers (including development of strains resistant to multiple drugs). (msdmanuals.com)
  • four researchers involved in AI-based drug discovery have now found that the technology could easily be manipulated to search for toxic nerve agents. (cogwriter.com)
  • A case in which nerve agents in urine are detected, as determined by CDC or a LRN laboratory that has this capacity. (cdc.gov)
  • However, a confirmation test for nerve agents in environmental samples is not readily available. (cdc.gov)
  • Nerve agents. (cdc.gov)
  • A fluoride-regeneration approach enables biomonitoring of chemical warfare nerve agents. (spectroscopyonline.com)
  • Prof. Dr. Hüseyin Avni ÖKTEM, cofounder and Chairman of Executive Board of NANObiz Technology Inc., gave a speech on "National Capabilities in Biological Warfare Agent Detection and Identification Technologies" at the 2nd International CBRN Congress hosted by Ministry of Interior Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency. (nanobiz.com.tr)
  • is the CEO of Tracense Technologies, which uses nanotechnology to develop threat detection sensors to identify explosives, biological and chemical warfare agents. (jstreet.org)
  • Prompt detection of these new threats depends on careful monitoring by modern surveillance systems and a thorough understanding of trends in incidence and distribution of known infectious agents. (cdc.gov)
  • Also lacking is an effective laboratory-based surveillance system for the early detection of exotic microbial agents that might be used for biological warfare or terrorist activities. (cdc.gov)
  • During World War I, the Germans developed anthrax, glanders, cholera, and a wheat fungus for use as biological weapons. (medscape.com)
  • The German-American physician Anton Dilger established a secret biological laboratory in Chevy Chase, Maryland, with the intent to grow the causative agents of anthrax and glanders. (medscape.com)
  • WASHINGTON - The United States plans to produce chemical and biological agents, including a deadly new form of anthrax, as part of a 'defensive' progr-amme. (dhushara.com)
  • But she said there were plans to develop agents to cause such diseases as a new and virulent strain of anthrax within the restrictions of the Biological Weapons Convention. (dhushara.com)
  • This research brief outlines assistance that RAND provided to the OSAGWI in investigating the health effects of eight areas of possible causes of illness: infectious diseases, pyridostigmine bromide, immunizations, wartime stress, chemical and biological warfare agents, oil well fires, depleted uranium, and pesticides. (rand.org)
  • This research brief outlines RAND's investigations into the health effects of infectious diseases, pyridostigmine bromide (PB), immunizations, wartime stress, chemical warfare and biological warfare (CW/BW) agents, oil well fires, depleted uranium (DU), and pesticides. (rand.org)
  • Project 112/ Shipboard Hazard and Defense (SHAD) Dept. of Defense tested biological and chemical warfare agents, by spraying several U.S. ships while 6,000 thousand of U.S. military personnel were aboard the ships. (ahrp.org)
  • [17] The tests were unknown to local residents and officials until October 2002 when U.S. senator Bill Nelson demanded details of the tests from the U.S. Department of Defense after knowledge of the test was eventually revealed during a larger congressional inquiry of potential effects on participating veterans of chemical and biological testing. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bailey has been involved in chemical biological defense as a scientist and leader, holding varied positions for more than 23 years. (army.mil)
  • He was the deputy joint project manager for CBRN sensors at the Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) Defense from 2019 to 2021. (army.mil)
  • He served as senior strategist at the Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical and Biological Defense (JPEO-CBD) from 2017 to 2019. (army.mil)
  • He also included rapid vaccine development, from a concept developed by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), to develop defenses against novel biological warfare agents. (health.mil)
  • They also developed a plague biological weapon by breeding fleas fed on plague-infected rats, and releasing millions of fleas in aerial attacks on Chinese cities. (medscape.com)
  • When indexed to weapon mass and cost of development and storage, biological weapons possess destructive potential and loss of life far in excess of nuclear, chemical or conventional weapons. (wikipedia.org)
  • As a tactical weapon for military use, a significant problem with biological warfare is that it would take days to be effective, and therefore might not immediately stop an opposing force. (wikipedia.org)
  • Rather than invading our beaches or launching bombers, adversaries may … deploy compact and relatively cheap weapons of mass destruction-not just nuclear, but also chemical or biological, to use disease as a weapon of war. (medscape.com)
  • The objective was subdivided into other tasks: determine the downwind travel of Agent TX released from the A/B 45Y-2 spray tank, estimate the yield reduction and loss of wheat crops attacked by the weapon system, study the effectiveness of killed TX as a simulant for Agent TX, and evaluate the adequacy to predict downwind dosages of Agent TX. (wikipedia.org)
  • Biological weapons (Bios) were the poor man's atom bomb and we wanted to get rid of them to deprive anyone out there in the third world of a weapon of mass extermination. (ratical.org)
  • You need three things to have an operational biological weapon. (ratical.org)
  • The "smoking gun" aspects of this research were brought to light earlier today by Prof. Frances Boyle who appeared on the Alex Jones Show (2nd broadcast hour, Feb. 19th, 2020, InfoWars.com ) to reveal his findings that confirm the Wuhan coronavirus was an engineered biological weapon. (algora.com)
  • Additionally, the study finds that another element of the CoVid-19 virus appears to have been assembled from the SARS coronavirus, further confirming Frances Boyle's claim that the engineered weapon is a "chimera" of multiple strains of biological weapons, including SARS, MERS and HIV. (algora.com)
  • Biological-warfare agents are thought by some to be an ideal weapon for terrorists. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Biological warfare and chemical warfare overlap to an extent, as the use of toxins produced by some living organisms is considered under the provisions of both the BWC and the Chemical Weapons Convention. (wikipedia.org)
  • Toxins and psychochemical weapons are often referred to as midspectrum agents. (wikipedia.org)
  • There are numerous other instances of the use of plant toxins, venoms, and other poisonous substances to create biological weapons in antiquity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Biological warfare is distinct from warfare involving other types of weapons of mass destruction (WMD), including nuclear warfare, chemical warfare, and radiological warfare. (wikipedia.org)
  • The four were asked by the Swiss Federal Institute for Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Protection to look at whether AI could be used by those with ulterior motives - and their AI came up with 40,000 potentially toxic drugs in six hours. (cogwriter.com)
  • Not only does he retain an arsenal of chemical, biological and nuclear arms, he seems intent on making more. (zindamagazine.com)
  • Warfare or terrorism agents are a class that includes chemicals, biological substances, radioactive materials, nuclear materials, or explosives. (cdc.gov)
  • Eventually we supported and became a party to the Biological Weapons Convention of 1972 that prohibits research, development, testing of biological weapons, agents, components, etc., except for prophylactic and defensive purposes. (ratical.org)
  • In contrast, defensive biological research for prophylactic, protective or other peaceful purposes is not prohibited by the BWC. (wikipedia.org)
  • No biodefense research is purely defensive - to do the work, you're automatically engaged in the creation of biological weapons. (cogwriter.com)
  • She said no agents had yet been produced in the 'defensive' pro- gramme, which had been going on in secret for at least four years. (dhushara.com)
  • And they began to pour massive amounts of money, hundreds of millions of dollars, into researching and developing what they said were defensive biological agents. (ratical.org)
  • This Application Booklet summarises all relevant white papers and application notes from Metrohm on the topics corrosion, quality control of hydraulic oils, coolants, lubricants, and fuels, air analysis, water analysis, verification of explosives, analysis of chemical warfare agents, and quality control of pharmaceuticals. (metrohm.com)
  • The earliest documented incident of the intention to use biological weapons is recorded in Hittite texts of 1500-1200 BCE, in which victims of tularemia were driven into enemy lands, causing an epidemic. (wikipedia.org)
  • Francisella tularensis is the causative agent of tularemia, a plague-like illness that affects animals and humans, and has caused large illness pandemics in the last century. (usda.gov)
  • It has also been used as a biological warfare agent, and tularemia can be contracted through consumption of contaminated food and water. (usda.gov)
  • While containment of biological warfare is less of a concern for certain criminal or terrorist organizations, it remains a significant concern for the military and civilian populations of virtually all nations. (wikipedia.org)
  • This work included time in a biosafety level 4 laboratory, which is the highest level of containment for biological threat agents. (army.mil)
  • Since the attacks on the World Trade Center in 2001, the federal government has committed substantial resources to investigating biological warfare agents and treatments for such weapons. (prnewswire.com)
  • Apart fromthe Chemical Agents, Iraq also received various pathogens from U.S. In 1985 U.S. Centre of Disease Control sent a sample of West Nile virus to a microbiologist at the Basra University in Iraq. (pravda.ru)
  • The way the Reagan administration did this was to say that we are going to go out and investigate every exotic disease you could possibly imagine for the purpose of developing vaccines to deal with them despite the fact that there was no real evidence that anyone else was investigating these things and therefore we fit within the loophole of the Biological Weapons Convention for prophylactic purposes. (ratical.org)
  • For information on other warfare and terrorism agents, please view the the CDC Chemical Agents page . (cdc.gov)
  • After routine diagnostics failed to identify the causative agent, Zaki contacted Ron Fouchier, a leading virologist at the Erasmus Medical Center (EMC) in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, for advice. (blacklistednews.com)
  • Somani SM, Husain K. Low-level nerve agent toxicity under normal and stressful conditions. (cdc.gov)
  • Nerve agent or organophosphate toxicity might result from multiple routes of exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • Cutaneous exposure provides the least potential for significant morbidity and mortality, since intact skin provides an excellent barrier against most of these agents except mycotoxins. (medscape.com)
  • Exposure via the inhalational route is the most effective mode of delivery for BW agents. (medscape.com)
  • A review of nerve agent exposure for the critical care physician. (cdc.gov)
  • The multiple hit hypothesis for Gulf War Illness: self-reported chemical/biological weapons exposure and mild traumatic brain injury. (cdc.gov)
  • The objective of this study was to examine both self-reported mTBI and exposure to chemical/biological weapons (CBW) as a multiple or two hit model for increased risk of GWI and other chronic health conditions. (cdc.gov)
  • A clinically compatible case in which a high index of suspicion (credible threat or patient history regarding location and time) exists for nerve agent or organophosphate pesticide exposure, or an epidemiologic link exists between this case and a laboratory-confirmed case. (cdc.gov)
  • Some biological agents (smallpox, pneumonic plague) have the capability of person-to-person transmission via aerosolized respiratory droplets. (wikipedia.org)
  • It was the Japanese who made the most use of biological weapons during World War II, as among other terrifyingly indiscriminate attacks, the Japanese Army Air Force dropped ceramic bombs full of fleas carrying the bubonic plague on Ningbo, China. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Chemicals tested included the nerve gases VX and Sarin, toxic chemicals such as zinc cadmium sulfide and sulfur dioxide, and a variety of biological agents. (ahrp.org)
  • Critical to sub-classify SRBCTs, Khan et al .6 used to measure genome-wide gene expres- .com decisions in cancer therapeutics are to microarrays to monitor the expression sion for a variety of biological samples. (lu.se)
  • Thus, by late 1997, the Iraqis were capable of transferring a few thousand liters of biological materials to new concealed sites within two or three weeks without supervision. (cro.net)
  • The area of most concern is the use of BW agents by terrorist groups. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Biological warfare (BW) is the use of microbiological agents for hostile purposes. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The NML scientist who was escorted out of the Canadian lab along with her husband, another biologist, and members of her research team is believed to be a Chinese Bio-Warfare agent Xiangguo Qiu. (blacklistednews.com)
  • 2. The Pentagon wishes to test biological diseases for war purposes on unsuspecting populations. (educate-yourself.org)
  • The inner-liner technology would entail adsorption and decomposition of warfare agents without the release of toxic agents, and will result in a storage bag capable of being disposed of in an environmentally safe fashion. (sbir.gov)
  • For six year 56 countries have been negotiating a treaty that would create verification rules and international inspectors to enforce what was previously just a pious pledge not to produce biological weapons. (dhushara.com)
  • the scandal of bad science and big business in xenotransplantation, biological weapons and many more. (i-sis.org.uk)
  • The event caused a major scandal with Bio-warfare experts questioning why Canada was sending lethal viruses to China . (blacklistednews.com)
  • For this to be a viable method for contamination, the agent must be introduced near the end user and is less likely to result in mass casualties. (medscape.com)
  • This was the first multilateral agreement that extended prohibition of chemical agents to biological agents. (medscape.com)
  • American Corporations such as Philip Petroleum, Unilever, Alcolac, Allied Signal, the American Type Culture collection and Teledyne sold dual purpose chemical agents and biological samples to Iraq. (pravda.ru)
  • These agents may be delivered clandestinely, and they have delayed effects, allowing the user to remain undetected. (msdmanuals.com)
  • 1 / 2 Show Caption + Hide Caption - Major General Edmond 'Miles' Brown administers the Oath of Office to Michael Bailey as his wife, Deborah Bailey, holds the Bible during the Assumption of Responsibility Ceremony held at the U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center (DEVCOM CBC) on May 18, 2023. (army.mil)
  • Because living organisms can be unpredictable and incredibly resilient, biological weapons are difficult to control, potentially devastating on a global scale, and prohibited globally under numerous treaties. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Subsequent investigation by GreatGameIndia linked the agents to Chinese Biological Warfare Program from where the virus is suspected to have leaked causing the Wuhan Coronavirus outbreak. (blacklistednews.com)
  • Agents may be introduced into buildings' heating-ventilation-air conditioning systems or via food or water contamination. (medscape.com)
  • Biological weapons can be difficult to control or predict in a battlefield situation, since there is a substantial risk that troops on both sides will be affected. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Former Army Col. (Dr.) Leopoldo "Lee" Cancio and Dale Smith, a longtime author and a professor of military medicine and history at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences in Bethesda, Maryland, mentioned advanced forms of battlefield gauze, clotting agents, and combat application tourniquets ("CAT," or "ratchet" tourniquets) as key ingredients in the rucksacks of not just medics, but all ground troops. (health.mil)
  • It can be difficult to distinguish use of a biological-warfare (BW) agent from a natural outbreak of disease. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The case can be confirmed if laboratory testing was not performed because either a predominant amount of clinical and nonspecific laboratory evidence of a particular chemical was present or a 100% certainty of the etiology of the agent is known. (cdc.gov)
  • Biological weapons include any organism or toxin found in nature that can be used to incapacitate, kill, or otherwise impede an adversary. (medscape.com)
  • These agents are used to incapacitate or kill humans, animals, or plants as part of a war effort. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • These agents may be lethal or non-lethal, and may be targeted against a single individual, a group of people, or even an entire population. (wikipedia.org)
  • BWs are devices composed of 4 major components as follows: payload (biological agent), munition (container that keeps the payload intact and virulent during delivery), delivery system (eg, missile, artillery shell, aircraft), and a dispersal mechanism. (medscape.com)
  • This feature can be undesirable, as the agent(s) may be transmitted by this mechanism to unintended populations, including neutral or even friendly forces. (wikipedia.org)
  • There was still a Chemical Biological Weapons (CBW) unit lurking in the Pentagon that had been starved of funds, wanting to come back to life. (ratical.org)
  • A biological attack could conceivably result in large numbers of civilian casualties and cause severe disruption to economic and societal infrastructure. (wikipedia.org)
  • A case in which a potentially exposed person is being evaluated by health-care workers or public health officials for poisoning by a particular chemical agent, but no specific credible threat exists. (cdc.gov)