We also examined the neurochemical identity of 5-HT 1D -IR neurons with markers of primary afferent nociceptors, peripherin, isolectin B4, and substance P, and markers of myelinated afferents, N52 and SSEA3. (jneurosci.org)
We observed a striking similarity in the size, distribution, and neurochemical identity of 5-HT 1D -IR neurons in TRG and lumbar DRG afferents. (jneurosci.org)
Furthermore, the vast majority of 5-HT 1D -IR neurons are unmyelinated peptidergic afferents that distribute peripherally, including the dura, cornea, and the sciatic nerve. (jneurosci.org)
Afferent nerve fibers are axons (nerve fibers) of sensory neurons that carry sensory information from sensory receptors to the central nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
Afferent neurons are pseudounipolar neurons that have a single process leaving the cell body dividing into two branches: the long one towards the sensory organ, and the short one toward the central nervous system (e.g. spinal cord). (wikipedia.org)
These cells do have sensory afferent dendrites, similar to those typically inherent in neurons. (wikipedia.org)
This process is carried out through the activity of sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons. (wikipedia.org)
Expression of the GFRα3 receptor is primarily restricted to the peripheral nervous system and is found in a subpopulation of nociceptive sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) that coexpress the Ret and TrkA receptor tyrosine kinases and the thermosensitive channel TRPV1. (jneurosci.org)
For cutaneous sensory neurons, GDNF supports development of small neurons with nociceptive properties. (jneurosci.org)
Less is known about artemin and its affects on sensory neurons. (jneurosci.org)
In general, motor nuclei are closer to the front (ventral), and sensory nuclei and neurons are closer to the back (dorsal). (wikipedia.org)
Here we report that TcdB induces neurogenic inflammation by targeting gut-innervating afferent neurons and pericytes through receptors, including the Frizzled receptors (FZD1, FZD2 and FZD7) in neurons and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4) in pericytes. (nature.com)
Targeted delivery of the TcdB enzymatic domain, through fusion with a detoxified diphtheria toxin, into peptidergic sensory neurons that express exogeneous diphtheria toxin receptor (an approach we term toxogenetics) is sufficient to induce neurogenic inflammation and recapitulates major colonic histopathology associated with CDI. (nature.com)
Fig. 3: Delivery of TcdB-GTD into peptidergic sensory neurons using the toxogenetic approach is sufficient to induce neurogenic inflammation. (nature.com)
Our sensory systems are able to detect subtle changes in ambient temperature, due to the coordinated efforts of thermosensory neurons. (nih.gov)
However, in the mid- to late 1990s, a number of laboratories interested in cold transduction began to use primary cultures of either dorsal root (DRG) or trigeminal (TG) ganglia neurons as in vitro models of sensory afferents. (nih.gov)
Sensory neurons carry information from sense receptors toward the central nervous system. (quizlet.com)
It is a nerve cell that relays information from sensory neurons to motor neurons or to other interneurons. (quizlet.com)
Interneurons relay information from sensory neurons to either motor neurons or other interneurons. (quizlet.com)
Afferent sensory neurons signal sensory information from the periphery to the central nervous system. (jove.com)
Identifying specific afferent neurons will help in understanding their physiology. (jove.com)
We describe a method of retrograde labeling to identify afferent neurons, and study the voltage-gated ion channels in these neurons using patch clamp electrophysiology and immunocytochemistry. (jove.com)
Research suggests that infrequent tension headaches may be caused by the activation of hyperexcitable peripheral afferent neurons . (healthline.com)
These are specialized neurons, or nerve cells, that relay sensory information from pain receptors in the body to the brain. (healthline.com)
Knockdown of sodium channel Nav1.6 blocks mechanical pain and abnormal bursting activity of afferent neurons in inflamed sensory ganglia. (springer.com)
Upregulation of the voltage-gated sodium channel beta2 subunit in neuropathic pain models: characterization of expression in injured and non-injured primary sensory neurons. (springer.com)
Sensory neurons are neurons that control mechanical and chemical conditions. (flashnews.net)
Electrophysiological in vivo recordings from the cortical implants show that physiological sensory stimuli, i.e. cutaneous stimulation of nose and paw, can activate or inhibit spontaneous activity in grafted neurons, indicating that at least some of the afferent inputs are functional. (lu.se)
[ 6 ] GON block decreases afferent input to the trigeminal nucleus caudalis, resulting in central pain modulation and reducing neuronal hyperexcitability at the level of second-order neurons. (medscape.com)
Fibers19
In the peripheral nervous system afferent nerve fibers are part of the sensory nervous system and arise from outside of the central nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
Sensory and mixed nerves contain afferent fibers. (wikipedia.org)
All of the axons in the dorsal root, which contains afferent nerve fibers, are used in the transduction of somatosensory information. (wikipedia.org)
For example, a specific muscle fiber called an intrafusal muscle fiber is a type of afferent neuron that lies parallel to the extrafusal muscle fibers thus functions as a stretch receptor by detecting muscle length. (wikipedia.org)
Types of afferent fibers include the general somatic, the general visceral, the special somatic and the special visceral afferent fibers. (wikipedia.org)
Alternatively, in the sensory system, afferent fibers can be classified by sizes with category specifications depending on if they innervate the skins or muscles. (wikipedia.org)
Table 35-1 Classification of Sensory Fibers from Muscle, p. 796. (wikipedia.org)
Describe the variety of afferent fibers (axons) used by the subsystems. (powershow.com)
These fibers relay the amount of friction between the skin and the item, and the brain uses this sensory feedback to adjust the grip as necessary. (elifesciences.org)
could further be used to explore the response properties of tactile nerve fibers, sensory feedback and grip. (elifesciences.org)
Structures located within the cone (after passing through the annulus of Zinn) include the motor innervations to the rectus muscles (cranial nerves III and VI) and the afferent sensory fibers from the globe, which are carried by the short and long posterior ciliary nerves before joining the nasociliary nerve (a branch of cranial nerve V1). (medscape.com)
Afferent fibers from the globe travel via the long and short posterior ciliary nerves. (medscape.com)
In contrast to the motor system, the cell bodies of the afferent sensory fibers lie outside the spinal cord, in dorsal root ganglia. (msdmanuals.com)
Nerve fibers outside the spinal cord join to form anterior (ventral) motor nerve roots and posterior (dorsal) sensory nerve roots. (msdmanuals.com)
It contains motor and sensory fibers and, because it passes through the neck and thorax to the abdomen, has the widest distribution in the body. (medscape.com)
It contains somatic and visceral afferent fibers, as well as general and special visceral efferent fibers. (medscape.com)
The pharyngeal branches arise from the inferior ganglion and contain sensory and motor fibers. (medscape.com)
The neural elements of somatosensory receptors in the hands and feet represent the distal extreme of long afferent fibers, and thus, are par- ticularly vulnerable in the distal axonopathies. (cdc.gov)
[ 4 , 5 ] The greater occipital nerve (GON) originates in the dorsal ramus of the C 2 as well as the C 3 segments of the spinal cord and comprises sensory fibers alone. (medscape.com)
Neuron6
One pathway-dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway-begins with sensation from the periphery being sent via afferent nerve fiber of the dorsal root ganglion (first order neuron) through the spinal cord to the dorsal column nuclei (second order neuron) in the brainstem. (wikipedia.org)
To determine how artemin affects sensory neuron properties, transgenic mice that overexpress artemin in skin keratinocytes (ART-OE mice) were analyzed. (jneurosci.org)
Analysis of sensory neuron physiological properties using an ex vivo preparation showed that cutaneous C-fiber nociceptors of ART-OE mice had reduced heat thresholds and increased firing rates in response to a heat ramp. (jneurosci.org)
It is sometimes called an afferent neuron. (quizlet.com)
Sensory neuron dysfunction results in abnormal or lost sensation. (msdmanuals.com)
Minimally, a recep- tor includes a peripheral axon terminal of one pri- mary afferent neuron, whose cell body is sited proximally in the dorsal root ganglion. (cdc.gov)
Efferent6
Ad and ex give an mnemonic device for remembering the relationship between afferent and efferent : afferent connection arrives and an efferent connection exits. (wikipedia.org)
Another mnemonic device used for remembering afferent and efferent (in terms of the spinal cord, with its dorsal/ventral organization) is SAME DAVE. (wikipedia.org)
Sensory Afferent Motor Efferent, Dorsal Afferent Ventral Efferent. (wikipedia.org)
Afferent and efferent are connected to affect and effect through their common Latin roots: afferent nerves affect the subject, whereas efferent nerves allow the subject to effect change. (wikipedia.org)
The nervous system has two components, motor (efferent) and sensory (afferent), that carry information from and to, respectively, the central nervous system. (cdc.gov)
Ethical approval was obtained occlusions along the afferent or efferent visual from the Ethical Research Committee of FTHL. (who.int)
Receptors3
One possible explanation for this difference is that 5-HT 1D receptors are preferentially expressed by cranial afferents of the trigeminal system. (jneurosci.org)
This numerical discrepancy may have distinct functional implications for how triptans modulate afferent activity and emphasizes the importance of knowing the neurochemical properties of the primary afferents bearing the triptan receptors. (jneurosci.org)
This produces a depolarization that may allow CALMH1 channels to open and release ATP, which serves as a neurotransmitter to activate closely associated nerve afferents expressing P2X2, P2X3 receptors and adjacent type III cells expressing P2Y4 receptors. (genome.jp)
Stimuli5
These results indicate that the level of artemin in the skin modulates gene expression and response properties of afferents that project to the skin and that these changes lead to behavioral sensitivity to both hot and cold stimuli. (jneurosci.org)
We conclude that mechanosensitivity of high-threshold serosal colonic splanchnic afferents to graded stimuli is unaffected during DSS colitis. (nih.gov)
The difference in threshold between contralateral and ipsilateral afferents for lateral stimuli is greatest at 30 kHz and is at least 10-15 dB. (eurekamag.com)
At the level of the primary afferent nerve, the site at which thermal stimuli are converted into neuronal activity, temperature-sensitive members of the TRP channel family are found. (nih.gov)
These behaviors are regulated and influenced by sensory stimuli such as touch, sound, and, most importantly in rodents, smell. (frontiersin.org)
Ganglia1
It leaves the skull through the middle compartment of the jugular foramen, where it has upper and lower ganglionic swellings, which are the sensory ganglia of the nerve. (medscape.com)
Nerves6
Capsaicin-sensitive afferents are involved in signalling transneuronal effects between cutaneous sensory nerves. (ox.ac.uk)
Chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors of the general visceral afferent pathway (GVA) with endings located in the heart, lungs, airways, gastrointestinal system, pharynx, and liver via the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves. (wikipedia.org)
In the early to mid-twentieth century, a number of laboratories began to observe cold-induced electrical impulses when recording from mammalian sensory nerves. (nih.gov)
Local changes conveyed to the central nervous system by sensory afferent nerves produced perceived fatigue. (cdc.gov)
Retrobulbar block also provides sensory anesthesia of the cornea, uvea, and conjunctiva by blocking the ciliary nerves. (medscape.com)
Multiple Mononeuropathy Multiple mononeuropathies are characterized by sensory disturbances and weakness in the distribution of ≥ 2 affected peripheral nerves. (msdmanuals.com)
Pathways3
A touch or painful stimulus, for example, creates a sensation in the brain only after information about the stimulus travels there via afferent nerve pathways. (wikipedia.org)
Mapping Cortical Integration of Sensory and Affective Pain Pathways. (iasp-pain.org)
Overall, the brain receives input via afferent pathways that ascend from the bladder and provide feedback on how full the bladder is. (medscape.com)
Somatic2
More lateral, but also less posterior, are the general somatic afferent nuclei. (wikipedia.org)
Back at the dorsal surface of the brainstem, and more lateral are the special somatic afferents, this handles sensation such as balance. (wikipedia.org)
Spinal1
Just outside the spinal cord, thousands of afferent neuronal cell bodies are aggregated in a swelling in the dorsal root known as the dorsal root ganglion. (wikipedia.org)
Visceral afferent2
Near the sulcus limitans are the visceral afferent nuclei, namely the solitary tract nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
Chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors of the general visceral afferent pathway (GVA) from the carotid body and carotid sinus via (the carotid sinus nerve of) the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), and from aortic bodies and sinoatrial node via the vagus nerve (CN X). (wikipedia.org)
Somatosensory3
Here, we investigate the projection from the primary somatosensory cortex (S1), which encodes the sensory pain information, to the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a key area for processing pain affect, in freely behaving rats. (iasp-pain.org)
Nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) is the central integration hub for afferents from upper airway (somatosensory/gustatory), respiratory, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular (baroreceptor and chemoreceptor) and other systems. (hindawi.com)
When translating from rodent models to humans, it is important to understand that the sensory inputs of rodents are primarily olfactory, auditory, and somatosensory, with minimal visual inputs. (frontiersin.org)
Periphery1
Activation of circuits regulating these innate behaviors begins in the periphery with sensory stimulation (primarily via the olfactory system in rodents), and is then processed in the brain by a set of delineated structures that primarily includes the amygdala and hypothalamus. (frontiersin.org)
Trigeminal nucleus caudalis1
It is thought that sensory input from the GON and the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve converges into the trigeminal nucleus caudalis, which is hypothesized to be the reason why occipital neuralgia is sometimes associated with migraine headache symptomatology. (medscape.com)
Nuclei4
There is a separation, called the sulcus limitans, and lateral to this are the sensory nuclei. (wikipedia.org)
The solitary nucleus (also called nucleus of the solitary tract , nucleus solitarius, or nucleus tractus solitarii (SN or NTS) ) [1] [2] is a series of sensory nuclei (clusters of nerve cell bodies) forming a vertical column of grey matter in the medulla oblongata of the brainstem. (wikipedia.org)
The nucleus solitarius is a series of purely sensory nuclei forming a vertical column of grey matter embedded within the medulla oblongata . (wikipedia.org)
It contains both sensory and motor nuclei. (brainscape.com)
Axons1
Ectopic discharge ('ectopia') in damaged afferent axons is a major contributor to chronic neuropathic pain. (researchgate.net)
Dorsal root gan1
We compared the distribution of 5-HT 1D receptor-immunoreactive (5-HT 1D -IR) peripheral afferents within the trigeminal ganglion (TRG) and lumbar dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of the rat. (jneurosci.org)
Stimulation1
Recordings were made from serosal/mesenteric afferents responding only at high thresholds to graded mechanical stimulation with von Frey probes. (nih.gov)
Auditory3
We have identified a nerve carrying auditory afferents and characterized their physiological responses in the tiger beetle, Cicindela marutha. (eurekamag.com)
2. Both male and female auditory afferent responses are sharply tuned to 30 kHz with sensitivities of 50-55 dB SPL. (eurekamag.com)
3. The auditory afferents show little adaptation and accurately code the temporal characteristics of the stimulus with the limit of a resolution of 6-10 ms. 4. (eurekamag.com)
Posterior1
Its sensory distribution pathway includes the posterior part of the head and extends anteriorly toward the vertex, becoming superficial at the inferolateral aspect of the occipital protuberance. (medscape.com)
Glial1
Early blockade of injured primary sensory afferents reduces glial cell activation in two rat neuropathic pain models. (springer.com)
Lateral1
Hair cells and supporting cells of inner ear and lateral line sensory organs evolved from a common cell type to accommodate diverse forms of mechanical input. (frontiersin.org)
Relays1
The pons relays afferent information from the bladder to higher brain centers, which in turn communicate with the periaqueductal gray matter, a relay station that collects higher brain center intput and processes this in order to signal the PMC to trigger or suppress the voiding reflex. (medscape.com)
Projections1
Many afferent projections arrive at a particular brain region. (wikipedia.org)
Cortical2
Cortical mechanisms of sensory and affective integration, however, remain poorly defined. (iasp-pain.org)
Our results thus define a cortical circuit that plays a potentially important role in integrating sensory and affective pain signals. (iasp-pain.org)
Stimulus1
The selective TRPV1 antagonist, SB-750364 (10(-8) to 10(-6)M), was tested on mechanosensory stimulus response functions of afferents from normal and inflamed preparations (N=7 each). (nih.gov)
Carotid1
Afferents of the SN mediate the gag reflex , the carotid sinus reflex, the aortic reflex, the cough reflex , the baroreflex and chemoreceptor reflexes, several respiratory reflexes and reflexes within the gastrointestinal system regulating motility and secretion. (wikipedia.org)
Capsaicin3
1. Capsazepine is a synthetic analogue of the sensory neurone excitotoxin, capsaicin. (nih.gov)
The neurotoxin capsaicin was used to deplete the nerve of a subclass of C-fibres, namely the polymodal nociceptor afferents. (ox.ac.uk)
These results strongly suggest that changes observed at a site distant from the location of the nerve injury are dependent on the integrity of capsaicin-sensitive C-fibre afferents within the injured nerve. (ox.ac.uk)
Receptor1
The vanilloid-1 receptor TRPV1 is known to play a role in extrinsic gastrointestinal afferent function. (nih.gov)
Transgenic1
On June 21 and 22, 1999, the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) and the Life Sciences Division of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) co-sponsored a program planning workshop, "Role of Transgenic and Knockout Studies in Understanding Sensory-Motor Performance in Altered Gravitational Performance. (nih.gov)
Describe1
This unique combination allowed us to describe how afferents respond to slip events and to relate their responses to surface deformations taking place inside their receptive fields. (elifesciences.org)
Ganglion1
The nerve carrying the tympanal afferents is a branch of the dorsal root from the first abdominal ganglion. (eurekamag.com)
Cells3
We seek to highlight contemporary research into the function of sensory hair cells and supporting cells in diverse hair cell organs, with consideration of the major questions and impediments to full understanding of sensory processing in the inner ear. (frontiersin.org)
We desire it to be apparent to our sensory cells. (typepad.com)
5-HT also functions as a transmitter between presynaptic cells and the sensory afferent. (genome.jp)