OrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment
AequorinHydrozoaLuminescent MeasurementsPyrazinesLuminescent ProteinsCalcium
BioluminescentAequoreaProperties of AequorinJellyfishProtein aequorinRecombinant aequorinShimomuraFluorescentPrevagenProteinsCrystalSequenceCellsGreenHumanUseful toolFormLightMethodPresenceWorkPhotoproteinKnown as aequorinRecombinantCalcium ionsGreen fluoresReceptorCoelenterazineApoaequorinGeneratesResponses
Bioluminescent5
  • The calcium transients associated with contraction in human working myocardium were recorded by use of the bioluminescent protein, aequorin, a substance that emits light when it combines with calcium ion (Ca ++ ). Small amounts of aequorin were microinjected into superficial cells of human atrial and ventricular muscle obtained from tissue routinely excised and discarded at the time of cardiac surgery. (elsevierpure.com)
  • abstract = "The calcium transients associated with contraction in human working myocardium were recorded by use of the bioluminescent protein, aequorin, a substance that emits light when it combines with calcium ion (Ca++). (elsevierpure.com)
  • At Princeton, Shimomura and his colleagues started to purify the bioluminescent substance, and they found that it was a protein, which they called aequorin. (asu.edu)
  • Organelle Ca2+ dynamics of cardiac muscle were studied using fluorescent indicators and a bioluminescent Ca2+ probe, namely aequorin that was targeted to SR. Enzymatically dissociated adult cardiac myocytes were subjected to prolonged incubation with acetoxymethyl (AM) derivatives of Fura-2, FuraFF and MgFura-2 which each have different Ca2+ affinities. (gla.ac.uk)
  • An adenovirus vector was developed to allow over-expression of the bioluminescent Ca2+ sensitive protein aequorin specifically targeted to SR (Ad-CSQ-Aeq). (gla.ac.uk)
Aequorea4
  • Aequorin is a calcium-activated photoprotein isolated from the hydrozoan Aequorea victoria. (wikipedia.org)
  • Aequorin is presumably encoded in the genome of Aequorea. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dr. Shimomura first isolated GFP, along with a protein called aequorin, in the crystal jellyfish, Aequorea victoria , which is found off the western coast of North America. (jstor.org)
  • In the jellyfish, in the presence of Calcium ions, Aequorin can to turn into an excited form that relaxes with the emission of blue light that in turn excites the GFP, which ultimately emits green light (Ref 6) , giving Aequorea victoria its colour that, hence, varies from blue to green (Fig from ref 5). (ibs.fr)
Properties of Aequorin1
  • Shimomura's team published the findings in "Exraction, Purification, and Properties of Aequorin" in 1962. (asu.edu)
Jellyfish3
  • Discussions of "jellyfish DNA" that can make "glowing" animals often refer to transgenic animals that express the green fluorescent protein, not aequorin, although both originally derive from the same animal. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the jellyfish, GFP interacts with another protein, called aequorin, which emits blue light when added with calcium. (asu.edu)
  • In this study, we show the use of direct external electrical stimulation of a jellyfish luminescent calcium-activated protein, aequorin, expressed in a transgenic yeast strain. (upv.es)
Protein aequorin1
  • Its role is to transduce the blue chemiluminescence of the protein aequorin into green fluorescent light by energy transfer. (proteopedia.org)
Recombinant aequorin1
Shimomura2
  • Shimomura focused on aequorin, purified the protein, crystallized it, and elucidated its underlying structure. (asu.edu)
  • After tediously extracting thousands of specimens to identify the luminescent components back in the 1960s, a scientist named Osamu Shimomura isolated GFP and aequorin, another light-emitting protein, which led to a 2008 Nobel Prize in chemistry. (buzzfeednews.com)
Fluorescent3
  • In the animal, the protein occurs together with the green fluorescent protein to produce green light by resonant energy transfer, while aequorin by itself generates blue light. (wikipedia.org)
  • It was also noted during the extraction the animal creates green light due to the presence of the green fluorescent protein, which changes the native blue light of aequorin to green. (wikipedia.org)
  • John W. Hasting and James G. Morin, who later researched aequorin, termed the protein as green fluorescent protein in 1971. (asu.edu)
Prevagen1
  • Apoaequorin, the protein portion of aequorin, is an ingredient in the dietary supplement Prevagen. (wikipedia.org)
Proteins1
  • EN] The plasma membrane contains a wide spectrum of transporter proteins, each responsible for a facet of the cell's nutritional and signalling requirements. (upv.es)
Crystal1
  • The crystal structure revealed that aequorin binds coelenterazine and oxygen in the form of a peroxide, coelenterazine-2-hydroperoxide. (wikipedia.org)
Sequence1
  • Aequorin-GFP sequence after purify gel image。Left:(1)100b.p. marker，(2)Aequorin-GFP。(b. (igem.org)
Cells5
  • Small amounts of aequorin were microinjected into superficial cells of human atrial and ventricular muscle obtained from tissue routinely excised and discarded at the time of cardiac surgery. (elsevierpure.com)
  • To investigate the role of Ca2+ in mitochondrial function, insulin secretion from INS-1 cells stably expressing the Ca2+-sensitive photoprotein aequorin in the appropriate compartments was correlated with changes in cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+]c) and mitochondrial calcium ([Ca2+]m). (123dok.net)
  • EC50s of 3.6 nM and 36 nM for GPR40 in A9 cells (GPR40 IP3 assay) and CHO cells (GPR40 aequorin assay), respectively. (adooq.com)
  • Description: Agonist activity determined in vitro, measuring calcium response in CHO-K1 cells expressing hGPR15 and Aequorin. (guidetopharmacology.org)
  • OsMCA1- suppressed plants showed retarded growth and shortened rachises, while OsMCA1 -suppressed cells carrying Ca 2+ -sensitive photoprotein aequorin showed partially impaired changes in cytosolic free Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 2+ ] cyt ) induced by hypo-osmotic shock and trinitrophenol, an activator of mechanosensitive channels. (biomedcentral.com)
Green2
  • When they purified aequorin, they also discovered traces of another protein, which showed green fluorescence. (asu.edu)
  • The paper was about aequorin, but it also described a green protein, which exhibited green fluorescence under sunlight. (asu.edu)
Human3
  • The configuration and time course of the aequorin signal in human myocardium and its responses to inotropic interventions are similar to those recorded in lower mammalian species. (elsevierpure.com)
  • These results indicate that aequorin is a useful tool for studying the effects of drugs and disease states on cardiac excitation-contraction coupling in human beings as well as in lower animals. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Human platelets were loaded with aequorin, a Ca2(+)-sensitive photoprotein, and tested in the platelet-ionized calcium aggregometer for simultaneous recording of platelet aggregation and intraplatelet Ca2+ levels both in the presence and in the absence of autologous polymorphonuclear leukocytes. (nih.gov)
Useful tool1
  • Since the emitted light can be easily detected with a luminometer, aequorin has become a useful tool in molecular biology for the measurement of intracellular Ca2+ levels. (wikipedia.org)
Form1
  • It was later discovered that the apoprotein can stably bind coelenterazine-2-hydroperoxide, and oxygen is required for the regeneration to this active form of aequorin. (wikipedia.org)
Light1
  • Herein it is reported that light-to-dark transitions trigger a calcium transient in aequorin expressing Anabaena sp. (ox.ac.uk)
Method2
  • i, mobilization was analysed in cases of thrombin, A23187, stable thromboxane analog SAT_2 or arachidonate-induction using aequorin loading method. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Platelet ionized calcium mobilization (Aequorin method) in patients with primary platelet dysfunction' Thrombosis and Haemostasis. (nii.ac.jp)
Presence1
  • Other studies have shown the presence of an internal cysteine bond that maintains the structure of aequorin. (wikipedia.org)
Work1
Photoprotein3
  • Aequorin is a calcium-activated photoprotein isolated from the hydrozoan Aequorea victoria. (wikipedia.org)
  • Four decades later, Shimomura, now at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Mass., and his colleagues have finally teased out the crystal structure of this photoprotein, known as aequorin. (chemistry-info.com)
  • This emission of light comes from its ability to release calcium (Ca2) very quickly, which interacts with the photoprotein aequorin. (papaleng-amazing-animals.com)
Known as aequorin1
  • This bioluminescent light within the jellyfish comes from a luminescent protein known as aequorin along with a fluorescent molecule known as eco-friendly fluorescent protein, or GFP. (vtlnews.com)
Recombinant4
  • Recently, the recombinant aequorin was introduced into rice, and the Ca2+ responses to NaCl and H2O2 in rice roots were characterized. (omicsonline.org)
  • introduced recombinant aequorin into rice ( Oryza sativa ) and examined the change of Ca 2+ concentration in response to salt and H 2 O 2 stresses [ 7 ]. (omicsonline.org)
  • [ 2 ] Apoaequorin, which is a part of aequorin, has since been synthesized using recombinant DNA and is used for tagging otherwise invisible proteins in biomedical research. (medscape.com)
  • Bioluminescence inmunoassay for cortisol using recombinant aequorin as a label. (bvsalud.org)
Calcium ions2
  • All three Ca2+-binding loops of photoproteins bind calcium ions: The crystal structures of calcium-loaded apo-aequorin and apo-obelin. (nih.gov)
  • Aequorin glows blue when calcium ions bind to it, but it's more than just a pretty protein. (chemistry-info.com)
Green fluores3
  • In the animal, the protein occurs together with the green fluorescent protein to produce green light by resonant energy transfer, while aequorin by itself generates blue light. (wikipedia.org)
  • It was also noted during the extraction the animal creates green light due to the presence of the green fluorescent protein, which changes the native blue light of aequorin to green. (wikipedia.org)
  • The discovery of aequorin and green fluorescent protein. (nih.gov)
Receptor1
Coelenterazine6
  • Aequorin is a holoprotein composed of two distinct units, the apoprotein that is called apoaequorin, which has an approximate molecular weight of 21 kDa, and the prosthetic group coelenterazine, the luciferin. (wikipedia.org)
  • When coelenterazine is bound, it is called aequorin. (wikipedia.org)
  • The crystal structure revealed that aequorin binds coelenterazine and oxygen in the form of a peroxide, coelenterazine-2-hydroperoxide. (wikipedia.org)
  • It was later discovered that the apoprotein can stably bind coelenterazine-2-hydroperoxide, and oxygen is required for the regeneration to this active form of aequorin. (wikipedia.org)
  • A part of aequorin called coelenterazine reacts with oxygen to produce coelenteramide and carbon dioxide, while emitting light. (chemistry-info.com)
  • Yet no one knew how coelenterazine fits into aequorin or how calcium participates in the light-emitting reaction. (chemistry-info.com)
Apoaequorin1
  • Apoaequorin, the protein portion of aequorin, is an ingredient in the dietary supplement Prevagen. (wikipedia.org)
Generates1
Responses2
  • Arabidopsis suspension-cultured cells stably expressing aequorin in the plastid stroma were used as a suitable tool to dissect differential Ca2+ responses of non-green plastids versus chloroplasts to several environmental cues.Calcium is used by plants as an intracellular messenger in the detection of and response to a plethora of environmental stimuli and contributes to a fine-tuned internal regulation. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • We analyzed the ligand-dependent activity of GHS-R by measuring aequorin-based [Ca++]i responses. (bvsalud.org)