Adult stem cells stem cells and cloning derivation of stem cells from cloned human embryos. Medical search. Frequent questions

It may be that "therapeutic cloning" cannot be made to work without conducting the "reproductive cloning" that almost everyone condemns - placing embryos in women's wombs, in this case in order to abort them later for their more developed tissues. (thenewatlantis.com)
6. Scientists, philosophers, politicians and humanists agree on the need for an international ban on reproductive cloning. (lifeissues.net)
Cloning may involve three different categories that include gene cloning, reproductive cloning, and therapeutic cloning. (studybounty.com)
Reproductive cloning involves the creation of whole organisms while therapeutic cloning involves the creation of the embryonic stem cells. (studybounty.com)
Cloning technology, however, is perceived as having the potential for reproductive cloning, which raises serious ethical and moral concerns. (who.int)
This is reproductive cloning, and can in theory be applied to any species of mammals, including humans. (who.int)
A theme of great complexity in which it´s important to deepen bravely in the interests underlying the new reproductive technologies and their consequences on the status of human life. (catholic.net)
This factor, among others, has determined that despite the radical change with the new reproductive technologies in the conception of human beings and their origin, have been introduced in Western societies with little discussion or at least not with the accuracy this would require. (catholic.net)
In this study, we aimed to isolate EVs from the porcine oviductal epithelial cells (POECs) that were primed with steroid hormones including estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4), mimicking the in vivo conditions of the reproductive cycle and studied their effects on in vitro produced embryonic development. (bvsalud.org)
Reproductive cloning versus germ cell (egg, ovum). (who.int)

The unexpected plasticity of adult stem cells has made it possible to use this type of undifferentiated, self-renewing cell successfully for the healing of various human tissues and organs, 1 particularly in hearts damaged after myocardial infarction. (lifeissues.net)
Adult stem cells, also known as somatic or tissue-specific stem cells, exist in various tissues throughout the body, such as bone marrow, skin, and fat. (falconediting.com)
1998). This tool was quickly recognized as an opportunity to better understand normal and pathological human development, to identify and test new pharmacological therapies, and perhaps to even replace diseased tissues or organs. (research-ethics.org)
In the fetus, and even in an adult, stem cells can be found in many body tissues. (research-ethics.org)
It may also involve the practice of growing cloned tissues from the original person. (studybounty.com)
Tissue cloning involves the duplication of tissues from an original template leading to a genetically identical group of specialized cells to carry out a certain biological function in the body. (studybounty.com)
Cloning would also be important in solving problems related to organs and tissues. (studybounty.com)
The stem cells possess pluripotential characteristics, and can differentiate into various cells and tissues when nurtured and grown in different culture media. (who.int)
Stem cells are used by scientists to study the growth and differentiation of individual cells into tissues. (congressionalresearch.com)
Some have argued that stem cell research should be limited to adult stem cells obtained from tissues such as bone marrow or umbilical cord blood because they believe the derivation of stem cells from embryos is ethically unacceptable. (congressionalresearch.com)
Few subjects in biomedical science have captured the imagination of both the scientific community and the public as has the use of stem cells for the repair of damaged tissues. (jci.org)
Here, we apply allele-specific RNA-seq on isogenic B6D2F1 mice to assay imprinted genes in tissues from early embryonic tissues between E3.5 and E7.25 and in pluripotent cell lines to evaluate maintenance of imprinted gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
These cells are called pluripotent stem cells because they can differentiate to form a plurality of cell types that make up all of the tissues of the body. (ucdavis.edu)
Adult stem cells are primer cells that reside in various organs and tissues and can differentiate into the various cell types indigenous to their body part. (ucdavis.edu)
The stem cells suits human needs, does not cause harm and can be obtained from both adult and fetal does not conflict with religious beliefs, it has tissues, umbilical cord and early embryos. (who.int)
They hope to capitalize on these properties in the future, transplanting the cells into patients to replace diseased, damaged, and degenerating tissues otherwise beyond therapy. (nih.gov)

Unlike ESCs, these cells are multipotent, which means they have a more limited differentiation potential, typically restricted to the tissue from which they originate. (falconediting.com)

These stem cells are derived from embryos, typically during the blastocyst stage, which occurs within the first few days after fertilization. (falconediting.com)
At the present time, the production of new cell lines involves destruction of preimplantation embryos at the 100-200 cell (blastocyst) stage. (jci.org)
Until now, these cells have been obtainable only from living human embryos [at the 100-to-200-cell (blastocyst) stage of development] by a process that necessarily destroys the embryos and that therefore makes this research ethically controversial. (georgetown.edu)
This is because removing the blastocyst cells from an embryo separates these cells from the other embryological components necessary to form a human being. (ucdavis.edu)
When this cloned embryo reaches the proper stage, cells from the blastocyst can be harvested in the same way they are taken from donated embryos. (ucdavis.edu)
Treating parthenogenetic embryo with EVs, led a significantly higher rate of the blastocyst formation in the group supplemented with each EVs, compared to the control group. (bvsalud.org)
Specification of cell lineages in mammals begins shortly after fertilization with formation of a blastocyst consisting of trophectoderm,which contributes exclusively to the placenta, and inner cell mass (ICM), from which the embryo develops. (silverchair.com)

Dr. Hwang Woo Suk and his colleagues, the only researchers in the world to convince the scientific community that they had cloned human embryos and derived embryonic stem cells (ESCs) from them, are now seen as having perpetrated a massive deception. (thenewatlantis.com)
Most Americans, and most legislators, probably assume that there are at least established animal models for the use of ESCs from "therapeutic cloning. (thenewatlantis.com)
ESCs are pluripotent, meaning they can differentiate into any cell type in the body. (falconediting.com)
However, the source of ESCs-human embryos-has sparked intense ethical debates regarding the moral status of embryos and the permissibility of their destruction for research. (falconediting.com)
Derivation of bona fide porcine pluripotent stem cells is still a critical issue because porcine embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are not available yet, and most of the culture conditions to maintain porcine induced pluripotent stem cells (piPSCs) are based on conditions for mouse and human iPS cells. (nature.com)
Should stem cells obtainable by one or another of these methods turn out to have exactly the same properties and capacities as embryonic stem cells (ESCs), their value for scientific research should be no different from that of standard ESCs. (georgetown.edu)
For the cell lines, we include embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) derived from fertilized embryos and from embryos obtained after nuclear transfer (NT) or parthenogenetic activation (PGA). (biomedcentral.com)
Both ESCs and EpiSCs can be directed to differentiate into a wide variety of mature cell types. (biomedcentral.com)

Cloning in higher species involves somatic cell nuclear transfer, a process in which the nucleus of a somatic (non-germ) cell is taken out and inserted into an enucleated fertilized female germ cell (egg, ovum). (who.int)

It has been well established that most of the non-human embryos produced through nuclear transfer cloning are abnormal, with a deficiency in several of the genes (imprinted and non imprinted) necessary to the development of the early embryo. (lifeissues.net)
Crucial to this approach is (a) enunciating a concept of organismic death of an early embryo and (b) devising criteria that permit a determination that embryonic death has occurred. (georgetown.edu)

The first step to cloning these animals is a technique called Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT). (research-ethics.org)
Cloned embryos are created through a process called somatic cell 3 nuclear transfer (SCNT). (congressionalresearch.com)
In SCNT, the nucleus of an egg is removed and replaced by the nucleus from a mature body cell, such as a skin cell, obtained from a patient. (congressionalresearch.com)
Embryos were prepared after in vitro maturation either by parthenogenetic activation or somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technique. (bvsalud.org)
Furthermore, EVs from hormone-primed POECs improved the formation rate of porcine SCNT embryos compared to the control group. (bvsalud.org)

Some studies published by Advanced Cell Technology and others have been touted as showing benefits from stem cells harvested from cloned animal embryos - but in each case, the study had to achieve its therapeutic goal by implanting the embryo in an animal's uterus and growing it to the fetal stage, then killing the fetus for more developed fetal stem cells. (thenewatlantis.com)
Such "fetus farming" is now apparently seen by some researchers as the new paradigm for human "therapeutic cloning," and some state laws on cloning (e.g. (thenewatlantis.com)
Embryonic stem cells are usually derived from the undifferentiated cells of a five-day-old embryo that go on to form all the tissue types of the developing fetus. (ucdavis.edu)

After years of touting so-called "therapeutic cloning" - the idea that stem cells from cloned blastocysts would supply every sick person with his own "biological repair kit" - no one has achieved even the first step toward making this medical dream a reality. (thenewatlantis.com)
Additionally, pPSC cell line isolated from 5.5 days blastocysts could be sustained in 3i medium and the expression of endogenous pluripotent genes OCT4 , ESRRB , and STELLA was significantly increased. (nature.com)
To create new cell lines, it is necessary to destroy preimplantation blastocysts. (jci.org)
Should blastocysts be protected under the same laws that govern research on human subjects? (jci.org)
In conclusion, EVs derived from POECs cultured in hormonal conditions simulating the in vivo environment had a positive effect on porcine blastocysts formation, which will likely facilitate in the production of cloned embryos. (bvsalud.org)

In 1902, Hans Spemann conducted the nuclear transfer by splitting the cells of a salamander embryo into distinct cells using a strand of hair from his son's head. (studybounty.com)
Robert Briggs and Thomas King made their input into the field of cloning when they used the nuclear transfer technology invented by Spemann to clone frogs from cells of the adult donor. (studybounty.com)
Pluripotent stem cells may also be derived from somatic cell nuclear transfer (cloning). (ucdavis.edu)

Since that time, more than 70 embryonic cell lines have been listed in the registry. (nih.gov)

By this view, any harm or destruction of the human embryo is tantamount to harm or destruction of a human life. (research-ethics.org)
For many years now, under the Dickey amendment (1995), the U.S. Congress has agreed to federal restrictions on any research that would require harm or destruction of the human embryo. (research-ethics.org)
Many abortion opponents and others opposed to embryonic stem cell research believe that cloning creates a human life, even though it may consist of only one or a few hundred cells, and that the destruction of a cloned embryo to extract stem cells is also ethically unacceptable. (congressionalresearch.com)
Along the way we must reduce the emotional valence of phrases such as "therapeutic cloning" and "destruction of embryos. (jci.org)

This cell then has the capacity to divide and grow into an exact replica of the original from whom the somatic cell was taken. (who.int)

However, these stem/progenitor cells are generally inaccessible, require complicated procedures to obtain and are difficult to propagate in vitro . (nature.com)
Disease severity correlated with CD71 expression in cells from male and female patients with SLE, and blocking CD71 in vitro enhanced interleukin 10 secretion. (nih.gov)

In the realm of regenerative medicine, stem cells offer hope for individuals suffering from debilitating conditions. (falconediting.com)
As scientists continue to unravel the complexities of stem cells and navigate ethical considerations, the future of regenerative medicine shines brightly, offering new possibilities for improving human health and well-being. (falconediting.com)
Genetic individuality indicates that the resultant induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) reserved from precursor cells enable personalized cell therapy and regenerative medicine 3 . (nature.com)
The reprogramming of somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by defined transcription factors has been a well-established technique and will provide an invaluable resource for regenerative medicine. (nature.com)
Human embryonic stem cells offer the promise of a new regenerative medicine in which damaged adult cells can be replaced with new cells. (jci.org)

Multi-cellular organisms and higher species replicate naturally through a reproduction mechanism involving male and female germ cells. (who.int)
In hosting the workshop, NIGMS aimed to learn how best to stimulate research that will advance the basic biology of mammalian stem cells, a field with the potential for rapid growth following the recent successful isolation of human embryonic stem cells and human embryonic germ cells in 1998 and the establishment of policies governing the use of human embryonic stem cells in Federally funded research. (nih.gov)
This paper outlines the debates prompted through a reproduction mechanism involv- by progress in cloning research, with special ing male and female germ cells. (who.int)

The question now is not whether stem cell lines were created before a particular date, but whether or not those lines meet criteria that have been defined for ethically derived stem cell lines (NIH, 2009). (research-ethics.org)
Accordingly, in an effort to find ethically uncontroversial ways to advance human embryonic stem cell research, the Council has recently been looking into specific proposals for obtaining pluripotent, genetically stable, and long-lived human stem cells by methods that would meet the moral standard of not destroying or endangering human embryos in the process. (georgetown.edu)

The have been applied to both the plant and ani- stem cells possess pluripotential charac- mal kingdoms without even stirring a ripple teristics, and can differentiate into various of concern in international conscience [ 2 ]. (who.int)

Plants are cloned artificially through a process called tissue culture. (studybounty.com)

Despite this apparent setback, the field of embryonic stem cell research and therapeutic cloning remains incredibly promising as demonstrated by some of our nation's leading scientists," says Daniel Perry, president of the Coalition for the Advancement of Medical Research. (thenewatlantis.com)
The truth surely lies somewhere between these extremes: the scandal implicates far more than a few Korean scientists, but it does not undermine science in general, unless one foolishly equates human cloning with all of science. (thenewatlantis.com)
T he first obvious conclusion, as noted by the Washington Post , is that "the highly touted field of embryonic stem cell research is years behind where scientists thought it was. (thenewatlantis.com)
By generating insulin-producing cells from stem cells, scientists aim to offer a potential cure for diabetes or more effective management options, reducing the burden on patients and healthcare systems. (falconediting.com)
Many scientists viewed this as a potentially revolutionary approach to studying human biology. (research-ethics.org)
However, because a necessary first step was to use and destroy human embryos such research raised serious questions for some members of the public, as well as some scientists. (research-ethics.org)
While most hESC scientists view the human embryo as human cells with great biological and scientific potential, there are many members of our society who hold religious beliefs that define the human embryo as equivalent to a human life. (research-ethics.org)
The concept of human cloning has long been in the imagination of many scientists, scholars and fiction writers [1]. (who.int)
Other scientists believe that adult stem cells should not be the sole target of research because of important scientific and technical limitations. (congressionalresearch.com)
In response, many states are moving forward with their own initiatives to encourage or provide funding for stem cell research in order to remain competitive and prevent the relocation of scientists and biotechnology firms to other states or overseas. (congressionalresearch.com)
Scientists are concerned about the quality and longevity of these 22 stem cell lines. (congressionalresearch.com)
We also explore, in a preliminary way, whether these alternative avenues of deriving and using pluripotent stem cells are likely to be embraced by scientists or to become eligible for federal funding. (georgetown.edu)
Current laws virtually preclude scientists from obtaining the stem cells they need to conduct research. (ucdavis.edu)
The United States must change these laws to allow scientists to derive stem cell lines from donated embryos and therapeutic cloning. (ucdavis.edu)
By granting scientists access to embryos that would otherwise have been destroyed in fertility clinics or never come into existence, we ensure that scientists can use these embryos for the greater good in improving other lives. (ucdavis.edu)
Scientists often grow differentiated cells in culture, but after enough successive transfers from one plate to another, differentiated cells die. (ucdavis.edu)
The con- is removed and replaced by a nucleus of cept of human cloning has long been in the another cell type, the stem cell will then imagination of many scientists, scholars and be reprogrammed to produce the product fiction writers [ 1 ]. (who.int)
When The NIH Catalyst visited in early March, the unit consisted of four scientists, supervised by NINDS senior investigator Ron McKay, whose lab (molecular biology) had previously worked on mouse embryo stem cells and neuronal precursor cells. (nih.gov)
Scientists around the world have been dazzled by the potential and realized properties of ES cells including their ability to be propagated abundantly and indefinitely before being induced to differentiate into almost any cell type in the human repertoire. (nih.gov)

From a biological standpoint, bringing cloned human embryos to birth would be dangerous for the human species. (lifeissues.net)
At this junction in time, NIH realized the importance of looking beyond merely listing the availability of the stem cell lines to encouraging the conduct of research that will help unite the fields of basic molecular and cell biological research with more biomedically applied stem cell biological pursuits. (nih.gov)
The third approach comprises a variety of proposals for engineering "biological artifacts" possessing some of the developmental capacities of natural embryogenesis (but lacking the organismal character of human embryos) and containing cells from which pluripotent stem cell lines can be derived. (georgetown.edu)
In this review, we summarize the role of EVs biogenesis and pathways that might have role on their structure, and the role of cryo-EM in characterization of EVs morphology in different biological samples and integrate new knowledge of the alterations of membranous structures of EVs which could be used as biomarkers to human diseases. (bvsalud.org)

The best known of these sources is bone marrow, in which stem cells are produced that are capable of differentiating into different types of blood ells. (research-ethics.org)

The research is controversial, in the opinion of some, because the stem cells are located within the embryo and the process of removing them destroys the embryo. (congressionalresearch.com)

Eventually a stem cell becomes known as a "progenitor" or "precursor" cell, committed to producing one or a few terminally differentiated cells such as neurons or muscle cells. (jci.org)

One of these sources is based on the technology used to clone Dolly the sheep (Campbell et al. (research-ethics.org)
The hallmark of cloning was highlighted when Ian Wilmut cloned the first mammal in the name of Dolly, the sheep. (studybounty.com)
That is how the first cloned sheep, named "Dolly", was created [3]. (who.int)

This asexual form of reproduction would bypass the usual "shuffling" of genes that makes every individual unique in his or her genome and would arbitrarily fix the genotype in one particular configuration, 12 with predictable negative genetic consequences for the human gene pool. (lifeissues.net)
Agricultural cloning is the production of plant clones through asexual reproduction. (studybounty.com)

Moreover, a non-human primate model of cloning, which would be necessary in order to conduct experiments to establish safety before attempting therapeutic experiments in human beings, has yet to be developed. (lifeissues.net)
Dr. Thomson stressed that significant differences exist between embryonic stem cells derived from mice and humans, cautioning that the use of murine embryonic stem cell models may be misleading in understanding the earliest events in human embryonic development and urging the need for continued study using non-human primate model systems. (nih.gov)

According to the first proposal, pluripotent human stem cells are to be derived from early IVF embryos (roughly 4-8 cells) that have spontaneously died (as evidenced by the irreversible cessation of cell division) but some of whose blastomeres ii appear normal and healthy. (georgetown.edu)
The unit, which grew its first human embryonic stem (ES) cell early last August, was established within NINDS, but with outward-looking and increasingly ambitious goals, which start with accurate definition of the characteristics of pluripotent human ES cells and how to grow them. (nih.gov)

The couple can use their genes to create a child through the process of cloning. (studybounty.com)
When dealing with genes, as cloning does, there is always a risk of mutations. (studybounty.com)
While in each EVs supplemented group (control EVs, H1 EVs, H2 EVs), the expression of cell reprogramming-related genes in cloned embryos showed a tendency of increase, the effect was stronger in H1 EVs and H2 EVs. (bvsalud.org)
Through bioinformatic analysis, we identified several potential target genes of the miRNAs present in royal jelly, including those involved in developmental processes and cell differentiation. (bvsalud.org)

One of the greatest controversies triggered by the rapid pace of evolution in biology, particularly in genomics and biotechnology, has been the technique of cloning. (who.int)
One of the greatest controversies triggered tissue, a stem cell encoding for heart tissue by the rapid pace of evolution in biology, will eventually develop into heart tissue particularly in genomics and biotechnology, and so on. (who.int)

Cloning involves the process of creating an exact genetic copy that replicates another cell, tissue or organism. (studybounty.com)
Gene cloning involves the creation of gene copies or the segments of DNA. (studybounty.com)
Human cloning involves the creation of a genetically similar copy of an existing or dead human being. (studybounty.com)
Cell cloning involves the derivation of a population of cells from a single stem cell. (studybounty.com)
The cloning process involves a simple way of cutting away a branch from the plant. (studybounty.com)
Cloning, especially that which involves human beings would bring a sense of divide between the real human beings and the cloned ones. (studybounty.com)

Using a gene expression profiles between these two DPC groups, we identified a new transcript factor, distal-less homeobox 4 (DLX4), which was highly expressed in immature teeth DPCs and significantly promoted human iPSC generation in combination with OCT3/4, SOX2 and KLF4. (nature.com)
To promote interactions and discussions between researchers studying embryonic and adult mammalian stem cells and basic researchers working in other areas such as chromatin, gene expression, cell cycle, cell signaling, and development, the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) hosted a workshop on the basic biology of mammalian stem cells on June 9-10, 2002 at the Pooks Hill Marriott in Bethesda, Maryland. (nih.gov)
This cell contains a different set of genetic instructions (resulting in an alternative pattern of gene expression) and is characterized by a reduced proliferative capacity and more restricted developmental potential than its parent. (jci.org)
Altogether, our analysis provides a comprehensive overview of imprinted gene expression in pluripotency and provides a benchmark to allow identification of cell lines that faithfully maintain imprinted gene expression and therefore retain full developmental potential. (biomedcentral.com)
Here we report that ablation of the mouse Tead4 gene results in a preimplantation lethal phenotype, and TEAD4 is one of two highly homologous TEAD transcription factors that are expressed during zygotic gene activation in mouse 2-cell embryos. (silverchair.com)

This restriction was partially lifted in 2001 by President Bush s announcement that research with stem cell lines existing as of August 9, 2001 could be eligible for federal funding. (research-ethics.org)
On November 7, 2001, NIH posted the Human Embryonic Stem Cell Registry, a list of human embryonic stem cell lines at varying stages of characterization that meet the President's eligibility criteria. (nih.gov)
2001 Bush Administration stem cell policy for the first time allowed federal funds to be used for research on human embryonic stem cells, the Bush policy also limited federal research to only the 22 stem cell lines that were in existence in August 2001. (congressionalresearch.com)

Many in the international scientific community believe that the promise of stem cell-based studies or therapies will be realized only if we can derive new human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines. (jci.org)

9 Embryonic stem cells harvested from abnormal and unfit embryos will carry their "epigenetic defects" and transmit at least part of them to their daughter cells. (lifeissues.net)

Unlike specialized cells, which have limited functions, stem cells possess pluripotency or multipotency, meaning they can become a wide array of cell types. (falconediting.com)
We found that LIF and b-FGF were required for porcine cell reprogramming, but were not essential cytokines for maintaining the self-renewal and pluripotency of piPSCs. (nature.com)
Human embryonic stem cells hold great interest because of their pluripotency-their capacity to give rise to the various specialized cells of the body-and because of their longevity-their ability to be propagated for many generations in laboratory culture without losing their pluripotency. (georgetown.edu)
or (4) by dedifferentiation of somatic cells back to pluripotency. (georgetown.edu)
In each of these four cases, the scientific standard by which success should be measured is only the desired functional capacity of the cells derived-stable pluripotency-and not their origin (embryos, adults, or artificial embryo-like clusters of cells). (georgetown.edu)
Induced pluripotency has emerged as one of the main methodologies to derive patient-specific pluripotent cells (iPSCs) by reprogramming of adult stem cells using defined reprogramming factors [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

In this study, we generated a doxycycline-inducible porcine iPS cell line (DOX-iPSCs) and used it to screen the optimal culture condition to sustain the self-renewal of piPSCs. (nature.com)
The derivation of porcine iPSCs could not only broaden the platform of pre-clinical trials for human diseases 6 , but also provided a potential carrier for human organ production with less ethical questions 7 . (nature.com)
To investigate the potential roles of RJEVs in cell viability, RJEVs were supplemented to apoptotic porcine kidney fibroblasts induced by ethanol 6% exposure for 30 min. (bvsalud.org)

In particular, one goal was to develop a better understanding of the molecular and cellular properties that make stem cells unique, so they might be manipulated rationally for therapeutic purposes. (nih.gov)

4. The so-called "therapeutic cloning", which would be better called "research cloning" because we are still far from therapeutic applications, has been proposed in order to avert the potential immune rejection of embryonic stem cells derived from a donor other than the host. (lifeissues.net)
To avoid an allogeneic immune response during transplantation of these cells, a matching genotype between donor and recipient cells is of key importance. (biomedcentral.com)
During NT, the nucleus of a donor cell is introduced into an enucleated oocyte, after which ESC-NTs or EpiSCs-NTs are derived from the developing embryo. (biomedcentral.com)
Although the genotype of the ESC-PGA cells is different from the female oocyte donor due to meiotic recombination occurring in the oocyte, subsequent matching of the ESC-PGAs based on the major histocompatibility complex antigens allows for engraftment of these cells in mouse recipients [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Such cells are often called adult or tissue-specific stem cells. (research-ethics.org)

reported that hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells gave rise to iPSCs up to 300 times more efficiently than terminally differentiated B and T cells did, suggesting that the differentiation state of the starting cells affects reprogramming efficiency 23 . (nature.com)
We randomly selected six lines isolated from various developmental stages to induce iPSCs and found that five DPC lines showed higher reprogramming efficiency than human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). (nature.com)
First, we attempted to generate iPSCs from DP31 cells, a cell line isolated from the immature (CC) stage of teeth, using as few transcription factors as possible. (nature.com)

But in this case, Dr. Hwang's studies were the field of allegedly successful human cloning for research purposes. (thenewatlantis.com)
Yet the company announced its research as "the first proof that reprogrammed human cells can supply tissue for transplantation. (thenewatlantis.com)
This respect demands that any research that is inconsistent with the dignity of the human being is morally excluded. (lifeissues.net)
The Holy See opposes the cloning of human embryos for the purpose of destroying them in order to harvest their stem cells, even for a noble purpose, because it is inconsistent with the ground and motive of human biomedical research, that is, respect for the dignity of human beings. (lifeissues.net)
However, the Holy See applauds and encourages research using adult stem cells, because it is completely compatible with respect for the dignity of human beings. (lifeissues.net)
3. By contrast, research using human embryonic stem cells has been hampered by important technical difficulties. (lifeissues.net)
Stem cell research has emerged as a groundbreaking field with immense potential to revolutionize medicine, offering hope for treating a wide array of diseases and injuries. (falconediting.com)
This article delves into the world of stem cell research, exploring its potential, controversies, and the delicate balance between scientific advancement and ethical considerations. (falconediting.com)
Spinal cord injuries, which often lead to permanent paralysis, represent another area where stem cell research holds immense promise. (falconediting.com)
Diabetes, a chronic disease affecting millions worldwide, may also benefit from stem cell research. (falconediting.com)
Heart disease, one of the leading causes of death globally, could see revolutionary treatments emerge from stem cell research. (falconediting.com)
It's essential to recognize that while the promise of stem cell research is vast, it is not without challenges and ethical considerations. (falconediting.com)
Stem cell research represents a beacon of hope in the field of medicine. (falconediting.com)
Understanding the different types of stem cells is crucial in navigating the complex landscape of stem cell research. (falconediting.com)
Having made a considered decision to use human stem cells, no use of those cells for the purposes of research, teaching, or testing should commence that is not explicitly part of an approved protocol or specifically waived under relevant regulations. (research-ethics.org)
If you are responsible for training others or if you observe indifference to considerations for responsible stem cell research, you should make attempts to initiate discussion, to identify relevant regulations, and to promote responsibility. (research-ethics.org)
In recent years, biomedical research has been significantly altered by technologies for the derivation of human cell lines capable of differentiation into any of the cells of the human body. (research-ethics.org)
With the bringing up of entirely different people, and with minimal research, there could be the introduction of potentially dangerous diseases into the human race. (studybounty.com)
The workshop began with keynote speaker Dr. James Thomson, who gave an overview of the stem cell research field. (nih.gov)
Due to the controversy, federal policy has limited federal funding for research on embryonic stem cells. (congressionalresearch.com)
Despite its promise, only a relatively small amount of federal funding has been used to support embryonic stem cell research. (congressionalresearch.com)
Federal funding for embryonic stem cell research is limited by two factors. (congressionalresearch.com)
It prohibits using federal funds for the creation of human embryos for research purposes or for research in which human embryos are destroyed. (congressionalresearch.com)
For a variety of reasons, many believe that research advancement requires the development of new embryonic stem cell lines, and for certain applications, stem cells derived from cloned embryos may offer the best hope for understanding and treating disease. (congressionalresearch.com)
Research is needed to determine the most viable stem cell lines and reliable ways to promote the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into specific cell types (neurons, muscle cells, etc. (jci.org)
This has led to an intense debate that threatens to limit embryonic stem cell research. (jci.org)
A stem cell is defined by two properties (see A stem cell research lexicon ). (jci.org)
Notwithstanding our sometimes sharp individual ethical differences, we have recognized that all parties to the debates about embryo research have something vital to defend, and not only for themselves but for all of us. (georgetown.edu)
Human embryonic stem cell research has been touted as both the hero and monster of the next age in medical science. (ucdavis.edu)
Although worries over the treatment of human embryos are legitimate, a close examination of the practices associated with stem cell research shows that its use of human embryonic cells does not disrespect human life. (ucdavis.edu)
Stem cells have other characteristics besides their unspecialized nature that are important for research. (ucdavis.edu)
This limits their usefulness in research and may not even give researchers the six months necessary to establish a cell line. (ucdavis.edu)
The unit s researchers, each of whom is responsible for growing a couple of the cell lines, note that the initial stocks of cells arrived with five different sets of instructions from five different suppliers Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation (WiCell Research Institute) in Madison, Wisc. (nih.gov)

If you are not able to clone a genetically homogeneous pure population from a single source, you cannot do anything no genetics, no biology,' McKay comments on the unit s latest accomplishment. (nih.gov)

Finally, cloning would also enable the formation of designer babies as parents would be able to theoretically choose the traits they wish their babies to possess ( Simpson & Edwards, 2014). (studybounty.com)

The different types of stem cell populations can be illustrated by considering the earliest stages of embryogenesis (Figure 1 ). (jci.org)

When the nucleus of a stem cell is removed and replaced by a nucleus of another cell type, the stem cell will then be reprogrammed to produce the product of the implanted nucleus, when it fully develops. (who.int)
The basic techniques of of the implanted nucleus, when it fully cloning have been known for some time, and develops. (who.int)

8 Technical problems aside, the need to extract these cells from living human embryos raises ethical questions of the highest order. (lifeissues.net)

The transfer of such cloned embryonic stem cells into a patient would be therefore extremely hazardous: these cells might provoke genetic disorders, or initiate leukemias or other cancers. (lifeissues.net)
The end product is a copied material that exhibits similar genetic makeup as the original, and it is referred to as a clone (Brown, 2016). (studybounty.com)
This process consists of transferring the nucleus of a differentiated cell, with its full complement of genetic information, to an egg that has previously had its nucleus removed. (ucdavis.edu)
Very slight differences in the timing of the initial derivation of the cells, or slight genetic differences between them, may lead to real differences in how the cells respond to different conditions. (nih.gov)

Dr. Thomson expressed serious doubt that therapeutic cloning using human oocytes would be used widely in the foreseeable future to produce human embryonic stem cells for transplantation, given the likely inefficiencies of the process and the high costs that would inevitably coincide with patient-specific cell therapy. (nih.gov)

Both the spirit of the regulations and good science require that individuals give thoughtful consideration to what defines an acceptable use of stem cells. (research-ethics.org)
So long as this form of cloning (non-human) suits human needs, does not cause harm and does not conflict with religious beliefs, it has been considered acceptable. (who.int)

When the nucleus of a stem cell has been the technique of cloning. (who.int)

Stem cell therapy aims to replace these damaged neurons with healthy, functional ones, potentially restoring motor function and improving patients' quality of life. (falconediting.com)
Stem cells exist to act as a source for the development or replacement of differentiated cells such as cells in the pancreas, which produce insulin and neurons, which carry electrical impulses. (ucdavis.edu)

Unicellular organisms are primed to replicate (clone) themselves by nature. (who.int)
Unicellular for those cells that are derived from human organisms are primed to replicate (clone) pre-embryos, which seem to have a high themselves by nature. (who.int)

First, it is a cell that can divide indefinitely, producing a population of identical offspring. (jci.org)
Unlike differentiated cells, stem cells can grow indefinitely in culture. (ucdavis.edu)

Subsequently, President Obama annouced a new approach to approving stem cell lines for federal funding (Obama, 2009). (research-ethics.org)
While the result has been an increase in the number of stem cell lines approved for federal funding, it is noteworthy that the number of lines meeting these criteria is limited (NIH Human Embryonic Stem Cell Registry). (research-ethics.org)
In a previous study, we established more than 150 DPC lines isolated from extracted wisdom teeth and evaluated the potential of DPCs for iPS cell banking 14 , 28 . (nature.com)
Within a year, the unit expects to produce a body of knowledge that will define and enhance the usefulness of most of the human ES cell lines that can be studied with federal funds. (nih.gov)
It also may be that differences in culture protocols are actually important for the different cell lines, McKay says. (nih.gov)
Over multiple passages or replating of cells, selection of certain cells for example, those that grow more quickly could also be driving a sort of evolutionary diversification of the cell lines or even selecting for cells more prone to oncogenesis. (nih.gov)
By attempting to define a standard protocol and a standard cell colonies from a single, cloned cell the unit hopes to discern any real differences in nature vs. nurture for the cell lines. (nih.gov)

Hence, the stem cells are multipotent because they can transform into multiple cell types, but are limited because they are more specialized than embryonic stem cells. (ucdavis.edu)

Some cloning advocates claim that this event has no implications beyond the malfeasance of a few Korean researchers. (thenewatlantis.com)
As the New York Times has observed, "The technique for cloning human cells, which seemed to have been achieved since March 2004, now turns out not to exist at all, forcing cloning researchers back to square one. (thenewatlantis.com)
Although ACT's researchers only managed to bring one cloned embryo to the six-cell stage - and whether they created an embryo at all remains uncertain - they were certainly not able to obtain any stem cells. (thenewatlantis.com)
Researchers are exploring ways to use stem cells to repair damaged spinal cords and restore lost function. (falconediting.com)
Researchers have previously observed that human pegivirus (HPgV) infection is associated with reduced progression of HIV. (nih.gov)

Anatomy64

Organisms13

Diseases10

Chemicals and Drugs41

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment61

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes59

Disciplines and Occupations7

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Humanities7

Information Science4

Health Care1

Reproductive10

Tissues16

Limited differentiation1

Blastocyst7

ESCs8

Higher species involves somatic1

Early embryo2

SCNT5

Fetus3

Blastocysts5

Nuclear3

Embryonic cell lines1

Destruction4

Somatic cell was taken1

Vitro2

Regenerative medicine5

Germ cells3

Ethically2

Pluripotential1

Artificially1

Scientists19

Biological4

Bone marrow1

Destroys1

Precursor1

Dolly3

Asexual2

Primate model2

Pluripotent human2

Genes4

Genomics2

Involves6

Gene5

20013

HESC1

Epigenetic1

Pluripotency6

Porcine3

Rationally1

Donor4

Tissue-specific stem cells1

IPSCs3

Research33

Genetically1

Possess1

Different types of stem1

Develops2

Ethical questions1

Genetic4

Transplantation1

Acceptable2

Nucleus1

Neurons2

Organisms2

Indefinitely2

Lines7

Multipotent1

Researchers5