DifferentiationDedifferentiationAmputationStem cellMetabolismEpitheliumSystemicSomaticWoundRegulatesProgenitor cellsRenalMigrationPopulationsCellularTissuePhysiologicalDistalDifferent tissuesRegulationJuvenilesZebrafishLineagesRegenerativeRegenerateGermStructuresOrganismsFunctionallyGeneticGives riseFormationAffectsMechanismsGrowthResponsePlaceTypesModelModelsExpressionPresenceDamageRole
Differentiation6
- In recent years, interest in the possible molecular regulators of cell proliferation and differentiation in a wide range of regeneration models has grown significantly, but the cell kinetics of this process remain largely a mystery. (mdpi.com)
- At its most elementary level, regeneration is mediated by the molecular processes of gene regulation and involves the cellular processes of cell proliferation, morphogenesis and cell differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
- In this research, we generate differentiated kidney cells (DKCs) from mouse pluripotent stem cells (mPSCs) analyzing their morphological, genetic, phenotypic, and spectroscopic characteristics along differentiation, highlighting that there are no reports of the use of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to characterize the directed differentiation of mPSCs to DKCs. (biomedcentral.com)
- Moreover, FTIR spectroscopy resulted in a non-invasive, rapid and precise technic that together with principal component analysis allows to characterize chemical and structurally both kind of cells and also discriminate and determine different stages along the cell differentiation process. (biomedcentral.com)
- Although not essential for initial WD formation, the later differentiation of this embryological structure relies on androgens derived from the Leydig cells. (esur2023.com)
- In the presence of a Y chromosome and the SRY gene, müllerian‐inhibiting substance produced by Sertoli cells causes regression of the MD. Meanwhile, testosterone produced by the Leydig cells induces differentiation of the WD into the efferent ducts that communicate with the rete testis, followed by the epididymis, ductus deferens, seminal vesicle, and ejaculatory duct. (esur2023.com)
Dedifferentiation3
- First, the fin margin is covered by a wound epithelium, and next a proliferative blastema arises by dedifferentiation of stump tissues near the amputation. (unifr.ch)
- Strategies include the rearrangement of pre-existing tissue, the use of adult somatic stem cells and the dedifferentiation and/or transdifferentiation of cells, and more than one mode can operate in different tissues of the same animal. (wikipedia.org)
- Dedifferentiation of cells means that they lose their tissue-specific characteristics as tissues remodel during the regeneration process. (wikipedia.org)
Amputation5
- Amputation-induced proliferation occurred predominantly within the epidermal and intestinal epithelium, as well as wound-adjacent muscle fibers, where clusters of cells at the same stage of the cell cycle were found. (mdpi.com)
- However, in response to amputation, levels of cell death were decreased and failed to localize near the injury site. (biomedcentral.com)
- Interestingly, the neoblast mitotic response was increased around the amputation area but the regenerative blastema failed to form. (biomedcentral.com)
- After amputation, granular hemocytes infiltrate the blastema of regenerating cephalic tentacles of the freshwater snail Pomacea canaliculata. (unimore.it)
- Histological studies focusing on the early cephalic tentacle regeneration in P. canaliculata, have demonstrated that wound closure and blastema formation took place within 24 h post amputation (hpa). (unimore.it)
Stem cell5
- However, the mechanisms by which Akt signaling regulates stem cell behavior in the complexity of the whole body are poorly understood. (biomedcentral.com)
- Our findings abrogating Smed-Akt with RNA-interference in the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea led to a gradual decrease in stem cell (neoblasts) numbers. (biomedcentral.com)
- This organism is well known for its stem cell-based regenerative capability. (biomedcentral.com)
- Inhibition of apoptosis did not affect branchial sac stem cell proliferation but prevented the survival of progenitor cells. (biologists.com)
- This study demonstrates the importance of a stress response for stem cell activation and regeneration in a basal chordate, which may have implications for understanding the limited regenerative activities in other animals, including vertebrates. (biomedcentral.com)
Metabolism2
- In mammals, Akt is ubiquitously expressed and is associated with regulation of cellular proliferation, metabolism, cell growth and cell death. (biomedcentral.com)
- Muted multi-organ transcriptional reprogramming and metabolism rewiring suggest that a KD initiates and mitigates systemic changes induced by the virus. (bvsalud.org)
Epithelium1
- Cyst development is generally attributed to increased proliferation of tubular epithelium, abnormalities in tubular cilia, and excessive fluid secretion. (medscape.com)
Systemic2
- Functional disruption of Smed-Akt alters the balance between cell proliferation and cell death leading to systemic impairment of adult tissue renewal. (biomedcentral.com)
- The neoblasts are the only dividing cells in planarians and constantly proliferate to repair tissues and support systemic cellular turnover [ 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Somatic1
- Planarians contain an abundant and accessible population of somatic adult stem cells called neoblasts [ 18 - 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Wound2
- Advances in tissue engineering technology have led to the production of novel human skin equivalents and organoids that reproduce cell-cell interactions with tissue-scale tensional homeostasis, and enable us to evaluate skin tissue morphology, functionality, drug response and wound healing. (mdpi.com)
- After bisection across the mid-body, apoptosis occurred only in the regenerating basal fragments, although both fragments contained a part of the branchial sac, suggesting that apoptosis is unilateral at the wound site and the presence of branchial sac stem cells is insufficient for regeneration. (biologists.com)
Regulates2
- Thus, Akt signaling regulates neoblast biology and mediates in the distribution of injury-mediated cell death during tissue repair in planarians. (biomedcentral.com)
- The protein kinase Akt also known as PKB, regulates multiple cellular functions including proliferation, survival, and growth during embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis [ 1 - 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Progenitor cells3
- Regeneration involves the activity of adult stem cells in the branchial sac, which proliferate and produce migratory progenitor cells for tissue and organ replacement. (biologists.com)
- Unidirectional regeneration in the basal chordate Ciona intestinalis involves the proliferation of adult stem cells residing in the branchial sac vasculature and the migration of progenitor cells to the site of distal injury. (biomedcentral.com)
- The upregulation of HSP70 chaperone genes was verified and their expression confirmed in BS vasculature cells previously identified as stem and progenitor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Renal2
- In adults, renal angiomyolipomas and RCC may also have cystic components. (medscape.com)
- The ureteric bud grows laterally and invades the center of the metanephric blastema, the primordial renal tissue [4]. (esur2023.com)
Migration2
- This property involves activation of the remaining tissue at the site of injury to promote cell division, cell migration and replacement of the missing structures. (unifr.ch)
- Our laboratory identified signalling pathways that orchestrate proliferation, migration and patterning of different tissues in the regenerating fin. (unifr.ch)
Populations2
- We are currently investigating the regenerative capacity of specific cardiac cell populations and comparing the restorative programs of different fish species. (unifr.ch)
- Planarians are flatworms with large populations of stem cells capable of dividing to support adult tissue renewal and regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
Cellular5
- mitotically active cells of intact segments do not significantly contribute to the blastemal cellular sources. (mdpi.com)
- The planarian ortholog Smed-Akt is molecularly conserved providing unique opportunities to analyze the function of Akt during cellular turnover and repair of adult tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
- Nonetheless, there is limited understanding of how Akt signaling controls the response of stem cells during cellular turnover and tissue injury in the complexity of the whole organism. (biomedcentral.com)
- Neural cells, for example, express growth-associated proteins, such as GAP-43, tubulin, actin, an array of novel neuropeptides, and cytokines that induce a cellular physiological response to regenerate from the damage. (wikipedia.org)
- This study provides a new paradigm for SARS-CoV-2 cellular entry through binding of ApoE on the lipoviral particles to host cell receptor(s). (bvsalud.org)
Tissue3
- In biology, regeneration is the process of renewal, restoration, and tissue growth that makes genomes, cells, organisms, and ecosystems resilient to natural fluctuations or events that cause disturbance or damage. (wikipedia.org)
- This should not be confused with the transdifferentiation of cells which is when they lose their tissue-specific characteristics during the regeneration process, and then re-differentiate to a different kind of cell. (wikipedia.org)
- In both processes, rapid proliferation gives rise to new tissue, cell fate has to be specified within that tissue, and distinct positional identities have to be established to generate a properly patterned structure. (frontiersin.org)
Physiological1
- This paucity is likely due to the ubiquitous nature of this signaling pathway and the difficulty of analyzing stem cells in their natural environment during physiological cell turnover and regeneration in conventional animal models [ 15 - 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Distal5
- However, after the Ciona body is bisected, regeneration occurs in the proximal but not in the distal fragments, even if the latter include a part of the branchial sac with stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)
- siRNA-mediated gene knockdown showed that hsp70 and dnaJb4, but not bag3, are required for progenitor cell targeting and distal regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
- Heat shock treatment of distal body fragments activated hsp70 and dnaJb4 expression indicative of a stress response, induced cell proliferation in branchial sac vasculature cells, and promoted distal regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
- The stress response is absent from distal fragments, but can be induced by a heat shock, which activates cell division in the branchial sac vasculature and promotes distal regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
- The metanephric blastema forms glomeruli, proximal and distal tubules. (esur2023.com)
Different tissues1
- 873 During the developmental process, genes are activated that serve to modify the properties of cell as they differentiate into different tissues. (wikipedia.org)
Regulation1
- One of these conserved effector-receptor systems is retinoic acid (RA) signaling that plays critical roles not only during development, but also in the regulation of adult homeostasis. (mdpi.com)
Juveniles1
- After metamorphosis, however, ascidian juveniles and adults show impressive capacities for regeneration of injured body parts. (biologists.com)
Zebrafish3
- Adult zebrafish can regenerate their hearts within 1 to 2 months after damage. (unifr.ch)
- Several years ago, our laboratory established a cryoinjury-induced myocardial infarction model in zebrafish, whereby a freezing-thawing procedure destroys approx. (unifr.ch)
- Cells in the primordia of zebrafish fins, for example, express four genes from the homeobox msx family during development and regeneration. (wikipedia.org)
Lineages2
- Regarding vibrational spectroscopy analysis by FTIR, bands related with biomolecules were shown on mPSCs and DKCs spectra, observing distinct differences between cell lineages and maturation stages. (biomedcentral.com)
- Embryonic or adult SCs by definition are characterized by their self-renewal and potentiality, peculiarities that allow them to give rise to more SCs and differentiate into various cell lineages under appropriate conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
Regenerative2
- therefore, new researches focused on regenerative medicine have been developed, including the use of stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)
- Consequently, because of the increased rate of RF in terminal stage and few alternative treatments, new investigations focused on regenerative medicine have been developed, including the use of stem cells (SCs) [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Regenerate1
- After the limb or tail has been autotomized, cells move into action and the tissues will regenerate. (wikipedia.org)
Germ1
- According to their potentiality, embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are classified as totipotent and pluripotent, both of them can differentiate into the three germ lines. (biomedcentral.com)
Structures2
- The reduced neoblast numbers largely affected the maintenance of adult tissues including the nervous and excretory systems and ciliated structures in the ventral epithelia, which impaired planarian locomotion. (biomedcentral.com)
- Thousands of copies of the circular mtDNA are present in most cell types that are packaged by TFAM into higher-order structures called nucleoids1. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Organisms1
- This wellknown fact has prompted several basic studies on organisms capable of adult regeneration, such as amphibians, bony fish, and invertebrates. (unimore.it)
Functionally1
- ESCs are obtained from inner cell mass, characterized by unlimited self-renewal and pluripotentiality, which allow them to differentiate into various specialized cells types in a morphologically and functionally way, characteristics that make them attractive for developing differentiated kidney cells (DKCs) [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Genetic2
- Pattern formation in the morphogenesis of an animal is regulated by genetic induction factors that put cells to work after damage has occurred. (wikipedia.org)
- Many conditions do not appear to be induced entirely by environmental factors and so genetic profiles have been studied to determine why some individuals are more susceptible to particular diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
Gives rise1
- Our fate mapping experiments demonstrated that the activated mesenchyme of the stump gives rise to the blastema. (unifr.ch)
Formation1
- Animal development is characterized by the deployment of highly conserved sets of morphogens and transcription factors that contribute to the patterning and formation of a startling variety of adult morphologies. (mdpi.com)
Affects2
- Recently, we described that the genome of S. mediterranea contains a single Akt ortholog termed Smed-Akt , which affects cell division and impairs planarian locomotion [ 22 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- JNPHP is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner and presents in childhood, while MCKD is inherited autosomal dominantly and affects adults. (medscape.com)
Mechanisms2
- Which biological mechanisms guide the mature cells through the regeneration process? (unifr.ch)
- We are currently investigating which adhesion mechanisms organize the different cells types during fin regeneration. (unifr.ch)
Growth1
- Branchial sac-derived stem cells also replenish recycling cells lining the pharyngeal fissures during homeostatic growth. (biologists.com)
Response1
- Therefore, we propose that damage to and subsequent release of mtDNA elicits a protective signalling response that enhances nDNA repair in cells and tissues, suggesting that mtDNA is a genotoxic stress sentinel. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Place1
- Limited regeneration of limbs occurs in most fishes and salamanders, and tail regeneration takes place in larval frogs and toads (but not adults). (wikipedia.org)
Types1
- The kidney is a complex organ composed of several cell types, and it is conformed approximately by 11,000 nephrons. (biomedcentral.com)
Model1
- Her lab established the cryoinjury model system for inducing myocardial infarction in adult fish. (unifr.ch)
Models2
- The ApoE neutralizing antibody efficiently blocked SARS-CoV-2 infection of human iPSC-derived astrocytes and air-liquid interface organoid models in addition to human ACE2-expressing HEK293T cells and Calu-3 lung cells. (bvsalud.org)
- The oncolytic effect observed in responder cells was seen both in vitro in neurosphere models and in vivo upon xenograft. (bvsalud.org)
Expression1
- Furthermore, we detected strong membrane LDLR expression on SARS-CoV-2 Spike-positive cells in human lung tissues, whereas no or low ACE2 expression was detected. (bvsalud.org)
Presence1
- After the injection of clodronate liposomes, a specific computer-assisted image analysis protocol still evidenced the presence of granular hemocytes in the tentacle blastema. (unimore.it)
Damage1
- In cultured primary fibroblasts and cancer cells, the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin causes mtDNA damage and release, which leads to cGAS STING dependent ISG activation. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Role1
- This study defined the role of Smed-Akt in abnormal cell proliferation triggered by the abrogation of the phosphatase PTEN, an upstream component of the Akt signaling pathway, which is highly mutated in human cancers. (biomedcentral.com)