AnatomyOrganismsPhenomena and Processes
Notophthalmus viridescensSalamandridaeExtremitiesRegenerationTriturusForelimbUrodelaPleurodelesAmbystoma mexicanumIrisLimb BudsLens, CrystallineNotophthalmusAmbystomaTurbellaria
AmputationXenopusRegenerateAmphibiansEpimorphicAxolotlsLarvalAmong vertebratesTissuesZebrafishTailCapabilitiesModelProcessInjuryStudyFormationAbilityRegenerationSalamandersRegenerate limbsAbility to regenerateMammalsModel organismsEmbryonic stemOccursMetamorphosisDedifferentiationNervesStem cellsCapabilityMechanismsLostStructuresCellsSimilarAnimalFactorsPresent
Amputation7
  • The whole limb of a salamander or a triton will grow again and again after amputation. (wikipedia.org)
  • The wound epithelium of N1 transgenic hindlimb buds, which forms over the cut surface of the limb bud after amputation, does not transition normally into the distal thickened apical epithelial cap. (biomedcentral.com)
  • N1 transgenic hindlimbs, which do not regenerate, do not form an apical epithelial cap or cone shaped blastema following amputation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In mammals, a limb amputation or spinal cord transection is followed by inflammation and fibrotic scarring that leaves the animal with a permanent disability. (frontiersin.org)
  • We examined the bioelectric properties (resting potential gradients in the epidermis) of Xenopus laevis froglets undergoing hindlimb amputation and observed that the contralateral (undamaged) limb exhibits apparent depolarization signals immediately after the opposite hindlimb is amputated. (biologists.com)
  • Loss or amputation of the axolotl limb leads to the regeneration of the lost limb from trunk tissue, thereby repeating a developmental sequence as a repair process. (edu.au)
  • BMP signaling is essential for sustaining proximo-distal progression in regenerating axolotl limbs [3] "Amputation of a salamander limb triggers a regeneration process that is perfect. (edu.au)
Xenopus6
  • Xenopus tadpoles can regenerate their tails, limb buds and the lens of the eye, although the ability of the latter two organs to regenerate diminishes with advancing developmental stage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Activation of this transgene blocks regeneration of the tail and limb of Xenopus tadpoles. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Gene over-expression analyses in Xenopus limb and tail regeneration have indicated that successful regeneration requires the re-activation of developmental FGF or BMP signalling pathways [ 8 - 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The frogs Xenopus laevis and Xenopus tropicalis undergo temporally restricted regenerative healing of appendage amputations and spinal cord truncations, injuries that are both devastating and relatively common in human patients. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here we review recent insights into the biophysical, biochemical, and epigenetic processes that underlie regenerative healing in amphibians, focusing particularly on tail and limb regeneration in Xenopus . (frontiersin.org)
  • This temporally restricted regenerative competence therefore makes Xenopus an appealing model for defining the features that enable or inhibit regenerative healing. (frontiersin.org)
Regenerate6
  • After the limb or tail has been autotomized, cells move into action and the tissues will regenerate. (wikipedia.org)
  • In some cases a shed limb can itself regenerate a new individual. (wikipedia.org)
  • Many arthropods can regenerate limbs and other appendages following either injury or autotomy. (wikipedia.org)
  • While all vertebrates are capable of some types of tissue regeneration, most, including humans, have lost the ability to regenerate whole structures such as limbs ( epimorphic regeneration ), [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Neural control of growth and size in the axolotl limb regenerate [2] "Upon the completion of the developmental stages of regeneration, when the regenerative organ known as the blastema completes patterning and differentiation, the limb regenerate is proportionally small in size. (edu.au)
  • It then undergoes a phase of regeneration that we have called the 'tiny-limb' stage, which is defined by rapid growth until the regenerate reaches the proportionally appropriate size. (edu.au)
Amphibians3
  • salamanders and newts), an order of tailed amphibians, is possibly the most adept vertebrate group at regeneration, given their capability of regenerating limbs, tails, jaws, eyes and a variety of internal structures. (wikipedia.org)
  • The remarkable regenerative capabilities of amphibians have captured the attention of biologists for centuries. (frontiersin.org)
  • In urodele amphibians such as axolotls and newts, the same injury is followed by scarless regenerative healing that can fully restore both the lost tissue and its function (reviewed in Tanaka, 2016 ). (frontiersin.org)
Epimorphic2
Axolotls1
Larval1
Among vertebrates1
  • Injuries that sever tissues such as the limb or spinal cord are met with radically different outcomes among vertebrates. (frontiersin.org)
Tissues4
  • Many of the genes that are involved in the original development of tissues are reinitialized during the regenerative process. (wikipedia.org)
  • Strategies include the rearrangement of pre-existing tissue, the use of adult somatic stem cells and the dedifferentiation and/or transdifferentiation of cells, and more than one mode can operate in different tissues of the same animal. (wikipedia.org)
  • Once the wound is healed, the cells of the stump must mobilise under the wound epidermis and begin the process of replacing lost tissues, by forming a proliferating blastema. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The pattern of depolarization matches that of the amputated limb and is correlated to the position and type of injury, revealing that information about damage is available to remote body tissues and is detectable non-invasively in vivo by monitoring the bioelectric state. (biologists.com)
Zebrafish1
  • Using Affymetrix Gene Chip analysis, we have identified genes linked to regenerative success downstream of BMP signalling, including the BMP inhibitor Gremlin and the stress protein Hsp60 ( no blastema in zebrafish). (biomedcentral.com)
Tail2
  • The case of autotomy, for example, serves as a defensive function as the animal detaches a limb or tail to avoid capture. (wikipedia.org)
  • Elegant experiments using heat-shock inducible expression of inhibitory proteins have further refined these observations to establish epistatic relationships, in which BMP acts upstream of Wnt, which in turn acts upstream of FGF during regeneration of the limb bud and tail ( Lin and Slack, 2008 ). (frontiersin.org)
Capabilities1
  • The hydra and the planarian flatworm have long served as model organisms for their highly adaptive regenerative capabilities. (wikipedia.org)
Model1
  • Using the regenerative assay known as the accessory limb model (ALM), we have found that growth and size of the limb positively correlates with nerve abundance. (edu.au)
Process1
  • This demonstrates that BMPs play a major role in patterning of regenerated limbs and that regeneration is a progressive process like development. (edu.au)
Injury1
  • A growing body of research now indicates that early physiological injury responses are also required to initiate a regenerative program, and that these differ in regenerative and non-regenerative contexts. (frontiersin.org)
Study1
  • In the current study we have characterized this growth and have found that signaling from the limb nerves is required for its maintenance. (edu.au)
Formation1
  • and the restoration of a functional limb that includes the formation of a new epidermis. (locationsalle34.com)
Ability1
  • However, not forgotten is the axolotl's equally amazing ability to thwart aspects of tissue maturation and retain juvenile morphology into the adult phase of life. (edu.au)
Regeneration26
  • Understanding how these mechanisms impact on regenerative processes is essential to devise therapeutic approaches to improve tissue regeneration and extend healthspan. (mdpi.com)
  • It focuses on established models of mammalian regeneration as well as on models in which regenerative abilities do not decline with age, as these can deliver valuable insights for our understanding of the interplay between regeneration and aging. (mdpi.com)
  • salamanders and newts), an order of tailed amphibians, is possibly the most adept vertebrate group at regeneration, given their capability of regenerating limbs, tails, jaws, eyes and a variety of internal structures. (wikipedia.org)
  • Limited regeneration of limbs occurs in most fishes and salamanders, and tail regeneration takes place in larval frogs and toads (but not adults). (wikipedia.org)
  • Notably, we found that regenerative capacity in Acomys was extended to ear holes, where the mice exhibited complete regeneration of hair follicles, sebaceous glands, dermis and cartilage. (nature.com)
  • Salamanders capable of limb regeneration form a blastema (a mass of lineage-restricted progenitor cells 4 ) after limb loss, and our findings suggest that ear tissue regeneration in Acomys may proceed through the assembly of a similar structure. (nature.com)
  • This study underscores the importance of investigating regenerative phenomena outside of conventional model organisms, and suggests that mammals may retain a higher capacity for regeneration than was previously believed. (nature.com)
  • As re-emergent interest in regenerative medicine seeks to isolate molecular pathways controlling tissue regeneration in mammals, Acomys may prove useful in identifying mechanisms to promote regeneration in lieu of fibrosis and scarring. (nature.com)
  • Cells keep a memory of their tissue origin during axolotl limb regeneration. (nature.com)
  • Also the negative impact on regeneration from the immune system of amniotes has been little considered (Fig. 1 A, B). During continuous growth fish and amphibians transit through larval stages often very different from the adult. (atlasofscience.org)
  • The large genomes of fish and amphibians contain programs for building an embryo, then a larva, destroying it and building the adult (Fig. 1 C). Metamorphic regeneration of new organs represents a pre-condition for adult regeneration. (atlasofscience.org)
  • The low activity of the immune system in anamniotes facilitates organ regeneration since the blastema formed after injury is tolerated long enough to allow regeneration. (atlasofscience.org)
  • How can Regenerative Medicine really hope to invert the evolution of mammalian scarring into a successful process of healing and regeneration? (atlasofscience.org)
  • The calculated period for human would vary between 2.2 to 5.2 years, or longer in order to regenerate a limb of similar dimension than the contralateral limb (Fig. 2 D). This is the best hope that Regenerative Medicine can provide for amputated people since pushing limb regeneration to a fastest tract would risk to form tumors. (atlasofscience.org)
  • According to the Wistar researchers, the loss of p21 causes the cells of these mice to behave more like embryonic stem cells than adult mammalian cells, and their findings provide solid evidence to link tissue regeneration to the control of cell division. (eurekalert.org)
  • Regeneration is the ability to restore lost or damaged tissues, organs or limbs. (academickids.com)
  • Aside from being used to generally describe any number of specific healing processes, regeneration also is a specific method of healing that is noted for its ability to regrow lost limbs, severed nerve connections, and other wounds that mammals cannot heal. (academickids.com)
  • Limb regeneration in the axolotl has been extensively studied. (academickids.com)
  • If the processes behind regeneration are fully understood, it is believed this would lead to better treatment for individuals with nerve injuries, broken backs, paralysis, and missing limbs. (academickids.com)
  • The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to promote transformative basic research on limb regeneration using animal models. (nih.gov)
  • The primary focus is on gaining insight into the body's own growth regulatory networks and processes that can be manipulated to promote limb regeneration in vertebrates including in mammals that might otherwise lack the capacity for regeneration. (nih.gov)
  • As a first step towards this goal, this announcement seeks to promote transformative basic research in animal models to identify key regulatory mechanisms that can be manipulated to drive limb regeneration in higher vertebrates (including in mammals) that might otherwise lack the capacity for regeneration. (nih.gov)
  • Some lower order vertebrates such as salamanders and newts are able regrow severed limbs through a process called e pimorphic regeneration . (nih.gov)
  • Epimorphic regeneration occurs through the formation of a blastema, a process that includes dedifferentiation, trans-differentiation, migration of adult stem cells to the site of injury and other morphogenetic events that allow proper tissue growth and patterning. (nih.gov)
  • In the present study, we examined cardiac responses to exercise training in the adult zebrafish and in the context of cardiac regeneration. (frontiersin.org)
  • In contrast to mammals, adult zebrafish cardiomyocytes have the capacity to proliferate in response to a cardiac injury, contributing to the regeneration of the heart and its functional restoration ( Foglia and Poss, 2016 ). (frontiersin.org)
Salamanders1
  • Urodele amphibians (eg, salamanders and newts) can regenerate complex tissues that are identical to the original in both appearance and function. (medrego.com)
Regenerate limbs2
  • Many arthropods can regenerate limbs and other appendages following either injury or autotomy. (wikipedia.org)
  • Approaching metamorphosis tadpoles cannot longer regenerate limbs, spinal cord, eyes etc., when the immune systems that turns tadpoles into froglets becomes efficient. (atlasofscience.org)
Ability to regenerate1
  • This initiative addresses an aspirational goal in the NICHD Strategic Plan titled ' advancing the ability to regenerate human limbs by using emerging technologies to activate the body's own growth pathways and processes' . (nih.gov)
Mammals2
  • Immune cells are very effective in mammals and no regenerative blastema is formed. (atlasofscience.org)
  • Unlike typical mammals, which heal wounds by forming a scar, these mice begin by forming a blastema, a structure associated with rapid cell growth and de-differentiation as seen in amphibians. (eurekalert.org)
Model organisms1
  • The hydra and the planarian flatworm have long served as model organisms for their highly adaptive regenerative capabilities. (wikipedia.org)
Embryonic stem1
  • Whereas embryonic stem cells are totipotent - capable of differentiating into any cell type - adult stem cells are multipotent, capable of differentiating into more than 1 but not all cell types. (medrego.com)
Occurs1
  • The following step would require the stimulation of growth of the blastema into a limb, a long process when compared to that of the newt that occurs in about 4 months to be largely completed. (atlasofscience.org)
Metamorphosis1
  • In newts, the coronoids disappear during metamorphosis. (nature.com)
Dedifferentiation1
  • In another, injection of a solution of tissue taken from a newt's blastema into a rat's wound duplicated many of the elements of dedifferentiation. (academickids.com)
Nerves1
  • This blastema then reforms into all the components of the missing limb: bone, muscle, nerves, and blood vessels. (medrego.com)
Stem cells1
  • Adult stem cells are normally activated following an injury. (medrego.com)
Capability1
  • This is observed during loss of regenerative capability observed in frogs, from aquatic tadpoles to terrestrial froglets. (atlasofscience.org)
Mechanisms1
  • The mechanisms responsible for this decay are both cell intrinsic, such as cellular senescence, as well as cell-extrinsic, such as changes in the regenerative environment. (mdpi.com)
Lost3
  • 1 gene lost = 1 limb regained? (eurekalert.org)
  • Much like a newt that has lost a limb, these mice will replace missing or damaged tissue with healthy tissue that lacks any sign of scarring," said the project's lead scientist Ellen Heber-Katz, Ph.D., a professor in Wistar's Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis program. (eurekalert.org)
  • Q7) Which one of the following can regenerate its limb if lost by accident? (prexam.com)
Structures1
Cells2
  • The combined effects of an increase in highly regenerative cells and apoptosis may allow the cells of these organisms to divide rapidly without going out of control and becoming cancerous," Heber-Katz said. (eurekalert.org)
  • This results in the formation of a blastema - or a layer of dedifferentiated cells. (academickids.com)
Similar1
  • The ultimate experiment was to show that a mouse lacking p21 would demonstrate a regenerative response similar to that seen in the MRL mouse. (eurekalert.org)
Animal1
  • The case of autotomy, for example, serves as a defensive function as the animal detaches a limb or tail to avoid capture. (wikipedia.org)
Factors1
  • This review offers an overview of how regenerative abilities change through lifespan in various organisms, the factors that underlie such changes and the avenues for therapeutic intervention. (mdpi.com)
Present1