• Oct. 8, 2021 Researchers have identified a subpopulation of mesenchymal stem cells in the bone marrow that express the marker CD73. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Neurons that arise in the adult nervous system originate from neural stem cells and neural progenitor cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • Neural stem cells can also give rise to neural progenitor cells, which proliferate rapidly during their short lives and then 'differentiate' into neurons or glia. (elifesciences.org)
  • Consequently, neural stem and progenitor cells have usually been studied retrospectively, based on their ability to form colonies in laboratory cell cultures. (elifesciences.org)
  • A region of the brain called the subventricular zone contains both neural stem cells and neural progenitor cells, and is one of only two regions of the brain where neural stem cells are found in adult mammals. (elifesciences.org)
  • During kidney development, progressively committed progenitor cells give rise to the distinct segments of the nephron, the functional unit of the kidney. (knaw.nl)
  • Similar segment-committed progenitor cells are thought to be involved in the homeostasis of adult kidney. (knaw.nl)
  • However, markers for most segment-committed progenitor cells remain to be identified. (knaw.nl)
  • Here, we evaluate Troy/TNFRSF19 as a segment-committed nephron progenitor cell marker. (knaw.nl)
  • Our data show that Troy marks a renal stem/progenitor cell population in the developing kidney that in adult kidney contributes to homeostasis, predominantly of the collecting duct, and regeneration. (knaw.nl)
  • We hypothesized that the mouse myometrium houses somatic smooth muscle progenitor cells that are hormonally responsive and necessary for remodeling and regeneration during estrous cycling and pregnancy. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • We surmise that the phenotype observed in β-catenin conditionally deleted mice is the result of dysregulation of these progenitor cells. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • The objective of this study was to identify the mouse myometrial smooth muscle progenitor cell and its niche, define the surface marker phenotype, and show a functional response of these cells to normal myometrial cycling. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • These results suggest that conventional myometrial regeneration and repair is executed by hormonally responsive stem or progenitor cells derived from the Müllerian duct mesenchyme. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Through fluorescence-activated cell sorting, microarray analysis, in vitro differentiation assays, mixed lymphocyte reaction, and a model of ischemic kidney injury, this study sought to identify and characterize multipotent organ stem/progenitor cells in the adult kidney. (tau.ac.il)
  • The cells expressed vimentin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), intermediate filament proteins expressed by neural progenitor cells, RG and astrocytes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • They used immature cells called glial progenitor cells taken from aborted fetuses, infused them into the brains of newborn mice, and watched what happened. (nbcnews.com)
  • Progenitor cells are partly along the path to from undefined to "adult" cells, and seem to have a better ability to flourish when transplanted. (nbcnews.com)
  • The human glia cells essentially took over to the point where virtually all of the glial progenitor cells and a large proportion of the astrocytes in the mice were of human origin, and essentially developed and behaved as they would have in a person's brain," said Goldman. (nbcnews.com)
  • To make sure it wasn't just the transplant of fresh cells that was improving learning, the researchers transplanted mouse progenitor glial cells into newborn mice. (nbcnews.com)
  • 1983) and the multipotent progenitor cells from fetal disease (Bjorklund and Lindvall, 2000). (lu.se)
  • Furthermore, we demonstrate that the asymmetric cell-fate determinant Numb segregates selectively to one daughter cell during mitosis and before differentiation, suggesting that Numb is associated with self-renewal. (nih.gov)
  • The new technique targets the cytoskeleton - or inner "scaffolding" - of the hPSC to direct their differentiation into pancreatic cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The ability of adult MCs to recapitulate EMT and to acquire smooth muscle (SM) markers upon provasculogenic culture suggested they might retain embryonic vasculogenic differentiation potential. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Thus, we show for the first time that UtMCs could recapitulate in vitro differentiative events of early cardiovascular differentiation and transdifferentiate in cells exhibiting molecular and functional characteristics of VSMCs. (ox.ac.uk)
  • A receptor of the same name plays a vital role, controlling the speed at which the cells multiply and monitoring the cell differentiation process. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • Do pluripotent stem cells exist in adult mice as very small embryonic stem cells? (ca.gov)
  • Published reports have indicated that a cell known as the "very small embryonic-like stem cell" (VSEL) can be isolated from bone marrow and is pluripotent-i.e., has the ability to generate all types of tissue in the body. (ca.gov)
  • 3) did not express a gene common to pluripotent cells (i.e. (ca.gov)
  • Very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) isolated from bone marrow (BM) have been reported to be pluripotent. (ca.gov)
  • This is the first proof-of-principle of therapeutic application in mice of directly reprogrammed "induced pluripotent stem" (IPS) cells, which recently have been derived in mice as well as humans. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Basically, we came to this conclusion by harvesting the cells from amniotic fluid making sure they were a true stem cell population and going through the reverse studies that need to be done to show that the cells truly are pluripotent. (scitizen.com)
  • Previous research has pointed to human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) as a potential therapeutic avenue for type 1 diabetes. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Pluripotent stem cells are an attractive option for researchers from a therapeutic standpoint because they can self-renew in lab cultures and can differentiate into a variety of cell types. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • A pluripotent state is indicated by resistance to the antibiotic G418 in the cells. (khanacademy.org)
  • Cellular reprogramming is a new and rapidly emerging field in which somatic cells can be turned into pluripotent stem cells or other somatic cell types simply by the expression of specific combinations of genes. (lu.se)
  • The resulting cells are nonproliferating and present an alternative to induced pluripotent stem cells for obtaining patient- and disease-specific neurons to be used for disease modeling and for development of cell therapy. (lu.se)
  • article{4b5db5d0-c1b6-463c-9ca2-f61b01429744, abstract = {{Cellular reprogramming is a new and rapidly emerging field in which somatic cells can be turned into pluripotent stem cells or other somatic cell types simply by the expression of specific combinations of genes. (lu.se)
  • Similarly, destruction of neonatally abundant pluripotent stem cells would likely have a more pervasive outcome than destruction of The value of incorporating immunologic appeared more severe and/or persistent when single lineages or differentiated cells that pre- data for the toxicologic assessment of drugs, the exposure occurred perinatally when com- dominate in adults. (cdc.gov)
  • Chad and I have both been principal investigators on the induced pluripotent stem cell (IPSC) grant. (medscape.com)
  • I fell in love with the idea of human pluripotent stem cells and started surveying the United States and even Europe for who was playing in that area. (medscape.com)
  • Microcephaly is the result of interruption during a very important process in a foetus' brain development: when stem cells divide to turn into fully functioning neurons. (cosmosmagazine.com)
  • Since neurosphere-forming cells can self-renew and differentiate into neurons and glia, the ability of cells to form neurospheres has generally been taken as evidence that they are stem cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • In the primary visual cortex (V1), orientation-selective neurons can be categorized into simple and complex cells primarily based on their receptive field (RF) structures. (jneurosci.org)
  • Together, our results demonstrate that OS of complex and simple cells is differentially shaped by cortical inhibition based on its orientation tuning profile relative to excitation, which is contributed at least partially by the spatial organization of RFs of presynaptic inhibitory neurons. (jneurosci.org)
  • SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Simple and complex cells, two classes of principal neurons in the primary visual cortex (V1), are generally thought to be equally selective for orientation. (jneurosci.org)
  • The new atlas, reported in Cell , provides a window into the brain's remarkable diversity of cells, a starting point for studying how genes and genetic variants contribute to neurological and psychiatric disorders, and insights into how different kinds of neurons achieve their highly specialized functions. (broadinstitute.org)
  • Microscope images of brain cells collected for Drop-Seq analysis: neurons (pink), astrocytes (green), oligo- and polydendrocytes (blue). (broadinstitute.org)
  • Human glia are far more complex than mouse glia, and they help form many, many more connections, called synapses, between neurons. (nbcnews.com)
  • Also, since Bax gene deletion only had a modest effect on cell death, cell populations other than neurons may be dying during these periods. (umass.edu)
  • In the brain of adult mammals neural stem cells ensure that new nerve cells, i.e. neurons, are constantly formed. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • This new type of stem cell, and not the one previously known, is primarily involved in the production of new neurons in the olfactory bulb of adult mice. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • They were once believed to form the precursor cells that then differentiate in the olfactory bulb of mice into interneurons, nerve cells that modulate stimuli transmission between interconnecting neurons. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • At first, we thought that they could be astrocytes, helper cells that ensure that the neurons are able to do their work. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • The researchers determined that the basal - and not the apical - stem cells are responsible for the formation of neurons in the olfactory bulb. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • To prove this, they separately labelled both cell populations and then observed whether labelled neurons turned up in the olfactory bulb. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • When only apical stem cells were labelled, no new labelled neurons could be detected in the olfactory bulb. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • Stem cells differentiate into the specialized cells that they replace, including muscle cells, red blood cells, and neurons. (khanacademy.org)
  • By viral expression of neural fate determinants, it is possible to directly reprogram mouse and human fibroblasts into functional neurons, also known as induced neurons. (lu.se)
  • Using a transgenic mouse model to specifically direct expression of reprogramming genes to parenchymal astrocytes residing in the striatum, we also show that endogenous mouse astrocytes can be directly converted into neural nuclei (NeuN)-expressing neurons in situ. (lu.se)
  • Neurons and glia are commonly affected, likely because of the relative paucity of cell turnover in the central nervous system, yet non-neuronopathic forms of lysosomal storage disease exist. (medscape.com)
  • During examination of the response of SVZ astrocytes to brain injury in adult mice, we serendipitously found a population of cells in the walls of the ventral lateral ventricle (LV) that were morphologically similar to RG. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Satellite cells assure postnatal skeletal muscle growth and repair. (nih.gov)
  • During postnatal nephrogenesis, Troy+ cells are present in the cortex and papilla and display an immature tubular phenotype. (knaw.nl)
  • We demonstrate an in vivo electroporation protocol for transfecting single or small clusters of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and other retinal cell types in postnatal mice over a wide range of ages. (jove.com)
  • A period of cell death during a critical period early in life is responsible for causing permanent structural changes to many brain areas, but it is not known whether cell death plays a role in brain organization outside of early postnatal life. (umass.edu)
  • lumbar) MNs from brainstem and spinal cord of mice over-expressing the human SOD1 G93A (SOD1) mutation, in comparison to wild-type (WT) mice, at four postnatal (P) ages of 8-15, 28-35, 65-75, and 120 days. (frontiersin.org)
  • Mice with a human sickle-cell anemia disease trait have been treated successfully in a process that begins by directly reprogramming their own cells to an embryonic-stem-cell-like state, without the use of eggs. (medicalxpress.com)
  • The inserted genes were Oct4, Sox2, Lif4 and c-Myc, known to act together as master regulators to keep cells in an embryonic-stem-cell-like state. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Obviously, it's a different cell type: it is neither a embryonic stem cell nor an adult stem cell. (scitizen.com)
  • MEFs treated by mitomycin or gamma rays (such treatment makes MEF stop mitosis) are widely used as feeder in embryonic stem cell culture because they can mimic the microenvironment in embryo. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fibroblast Embryonic stem cell Jian-ming Xu (2005). (wikipedia.org)
  • We explore the method on three circuits for haematopoiesis and embryonic stem cell development for commitment and reprogramming scenarios and illustrate how the method can be used to determine sequential steps for onsets of external factors, essential for efficient reprogramming. (lu.se)
  • In mice, they exist in two regions that are important for learning and memory: the subventricular zone of the anterior forebrain and the subgranular zone of the hippocampus. (cosmosmagazine.com)
  • We prospectively identified, and isolated by flow cytometry, adult mouse lateral ventricle subventricular zone (SVZ) NICs as Glast mid EGFR high PlexinB2 high CD24 −/low O4/PSA-NCAM −/low Ter119/CD45 − (GEPCOT) cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • When cells from the subventricular zone are cultured in a way that allows the cells to freely float around (rather than growing on a surface), a few percent form spherical colonies called neurospheres. (elifesciences.org)
  • have used a technique called flow cytometry to identify and isolate neural stem cells and neurosphere-forming cells directly from the subventricular zone. (elifesciences.org)
  • Altogether our FACS (fluorescence-activated cell sorter) analyses reveal that the neonatal subventricular zone is far more heterogeneous than previously suspected and our studies provide new insights into the signals and mechanisms that regulate their self-renewal and proliferation. (karger.com)
  • In the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the adult, astrocyte-like cells exhibit stem cell properties. (ox.ac.uk)
  • These neural stem cells are located in the subventricular zone near the lateral cerebral ventricle. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • We found that: (1) most events within the 'VSEL' flow-cytometry gate had little DNA and the cells corresponding to these events (2) could not form spheres, (3) did not express Oct4, and (4) could not differentiate into blood cells. (ca.gov)
  • Here we define a 4-color flow cytometry panel using CD133, LeX, CD140a, NG2 to define a neural stem cell (NSC) as well as 4 classes of multipotential progenitors and 3 classes of bipotential progenitors, several of which have not been described previously. (karger.com)
  • The goals for advances in flow cytometry are clear: measure as many relevant target molecules per cell as quickly as possible. (nature.com)
  • Fluorescence and isotope tagging are the principal means for measuring antibody binding to cells in flow cytometry. (nature.com)
  • Flow cytometry of myometrial cells identified a myometrial Hoechst 33342 effluxing "side population" that expresses MISRII-Cre-driven YFP. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • The scientists created such precursor cells from the IPS cells, replaced the defective blood-production gene in the precursor cells with a normal gene, and injected the resulting cells back into the diseased mice. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells of the central nervous system (CNS), are generated from oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) that express neurotransmitter receptors. (nature.com)
  • These adult brain cells, neural precursor cells, can only evolve into cells of the nervous system. (sci-info-pages.com)
  • The Heidelberg scientists also found out that both stem cell types and precursor cells in the mouse brain communicate with one another via so-called notch interactions. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • You and your colleagues found amniotic fluid-derived (AFS) stem cells to have the potential to differentiate into muscle, bone, fat, blood vessel, nerve and liver cells. (scitizen.com)
  • Stem cells rely on extracellular signals produced by the niche, which dictate their ability to self-renew, expand and differentiate. (karger.com)
  • Investigation of the regenerative process through live imaging and molecular studies revealed how this happens: The cardiomyocytes "dedifferentiate" - that is, they revert to an earlier form, something between an embryonic and an adult cell, which can then divide and differentiate into new heart cells. (eurekalert.org)
  • Simultaneously, SC precursors (SCP) derive from the neural crest cells and migrate from the neural tube around embryonic day E10.5 to contact axons and differentiate into immature SC (iSC) around E15/E16 ( Woodhoo and Sommer, 2008 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • It is possible for them to differentiate into cells of all three germ layers, a condition referred to as "pluripotency. (khanacademy.org)
  • Using this marker, the researchers found that OCR cells self-renew and generate key bone and cartilage cells, including osteoblasts and chondrocytes. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The discovery by researchers at Columbia University Medical Center (CUMC) is reported today in the online issue of the journal Cell . (sciencedaily.com)
  • Researchers also showed that OCR stem cells, when transplanted to a fracture site, contribute to bone repair. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The researchers believe that OCR stem cells will be found in human bone tissue, as mice and humans have similar bone biology. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Researchers presumed that MSCs were the origin of all bone, cartilage, and fat, but recent studies have shown that these cells do not generate young bone and cartilage. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The researchers also suspect that OCR cells may play a role in soft tissue cancers. (sciencedaily.com)
  • A published in Cell Stem Cell by US researchers found the virus targets stem cells in parts of a fully grown mouse brain responsible for learning and memory and stops them proliferating. (cosmosmagazine.com)
  • Now, a new study by researchers at Rockefeller University and La Jolla Institute in San Diego suggests the virus might also put adult brains at serious risk. (cosmosmagazine.com)
  • Next, the researchers followed a well-established protocol for differentiating embryonic stem cells into precursors of bone marrow adult stem cells, which can be transplanted into mice to generate normal blood cells. (medicalxpress.com)
  • 18 Sep, 2007 12:13 pm Rice University researchers have engineered musculoskeletal cartilages with human embryonic stem cells, with the hope of eventually using the neotissue. (scitizen.com)
  • 6 Jun, 2007 07:00 pm Researchers have reprogrammed skin cells into embryonic stem cells. (scitizen.com)
  • Researchers have previously used hPSCs to create insulin-producing beta cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Targeting this structure allows the researchers to create fewer irrelevant cells and better functioning beta cells that helped control blood sugar. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • On November 2, researchers at Case Western University announced the "super mouse": mice who have been genetically tweaked to produce large amounts of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinases (PEPCK-C), an enzyme. (scitizen.com)
  • Researchers unmask unique genetic signatures of more than 560 cell populations across nine brain regions, and lay the groundwork for deeper insights into the biology of brain disorders. (broadinstitute.org)
  • Researchers have generated a cellular atlas of the mouse brain, based on the gene expression profiles of nearly 700,000 individual cells covering nine major brain regions. (broadinstitute.org)
  • In the first scientific study of its kind, shark cartilage extract, AE-941 or Neovastat, has shown no benefit as a therapeutic agent when combined with chemotherapy and radiation for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer, according to researchers at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. (mdanderson.org)
  • A team of Russian and Japanese researchers has found cells that are probably responsible. (dentistrytoday.com)
  • Human brain cells in a mouse glow green because researchers have tagged them with a gene that looks green under fluorescent light. (nbcnews.com)
  • Mice with the human cell transplants were smarter than normal mice, the researchers report. (nbcnews.com)
  • Researchers who transplanted human brain cells into newborn mice said the rodents grew up to be smarter than their normal littermates, learning how to associate a tone with an electric shock more quickly and finding escape hatches faster. (nbcnews.com)
  • The Heidelberg researchers were able to disprove the single stem cell type theory and the assumption that apical stem cells are responsible for neurogenesis. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • Originally, the researchers in the Neurobiology department were investigating how this allegedly lone stem cell population in the mouse brain behaves in various situations. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • Nevertheless, researchers can use several strategies, like virus infection or repeated transmission to immortalize MEF cells, which can let MEFs grown indefinitely in spite of some changes in characters. (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, the researchers note that larger and more diverse concentrations of immune cells congregate on the membrane during inflammation and aging. (scitechdaily.com)
  • In the adult, it's only these two populations that are very specific to the stem cells that are affected by virus. (cosmosmagazine.com)
  • Genetic studies of psychiatric and neurological disorders are now implicating many specific genes, but we need to be able to make the scientific connections from genes to cell populations and circuits," said study senior author and Broad institute member Steven McCarroll , the director of genetics at the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research and the Dorothy and Milton Flier Professor of Biomedical Science and Genetics at Harvard Medical School. (broadinstitute.org)
  • Historically, months of experiments were often required to figure out which cell populations express even one of these genes. (broadinstitute.org)
  • By creating a data resource like this - in which scientists can simply look these things up online - we hope to enable a stronger understanding of how brain illness arises in specific cell populations. (broadinstitute.org)
  • As increased neuronal excitability correlates with structural changes in dendritic arbors and spines, we have examined longitudinal changes in dendritic structure in vulnerable neuron populations in a mouse model of familial ALS. (frontiersin.org)
  • Modulation of tight junction structure in blood-brain barrier endothelial cells. (worthington-biochem.com)
  • During early stages of embryogenesis, by a process called vasculogenesis, a part of the mesoderm differentiates into endothelial cells, forms a lumen, and deposits a basal lamina to create a vascular plexus de novo. (elifesciences.org)
  • This mechanism involves specialized endothelial cells named tip cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • Troy+ cells have a 40-fold higher capacity than Troy- cells to form organoids, which is considered a stem cell property in vitro. (knaw.nl)
  • In vitro, they are plastic adherent and slowly proliferating and result in inhibition of alloreactive CD8 + T cells, indicative of an immuneprivileged behavior. (tau.ac.il)
  • In-vitro [14C]testosterone metabolism was investigated in isolated cells of adult male mouse preputial sebaceous glands. (nih.gov)
  • MEF cells can be cultured in vitro in DMEM medium with 10% FBS. (wikipedia.org)
  • Influence of organochlorine pesticides on development of mouse embryos in vitro . (cdc.gov)
  • These data define a unique phenotype for adult kidney-derived cells, which have potential as stem cells and may contribute to the regeneration of injured kidneys. (tau.ac.il)
  • Testing this idea, the team found that they could, indeed, activate ERBB2 in mice for a short interval only following an induced heart attack and obtain nearly complete heart regeneration within several weeks. (eurekalert.org)
  • We performed gain and loss of function studies for leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and showed a depletion of NSCs, a subset of multipotential neural precursors and immature oligodendrocytes in LIF null mice. (karger.com)
  • 2000. The effect of raloxifene on the uterine weight response in immature mice exposed to 17- estradiol, 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2- bis ( p -chlorophenyl)ethane, and methoxychlor. (cdc.gov)
  • The study also showed that the adult OCRs are distinct from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which play a role in bone generation during development and adulthood. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Jan. 29, 2020 Scientists used molecular motors to manipulate the protein matrix on which bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells are grown. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In mammalian visceral organs, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) originate from an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of embryonic mesothelial cells (MCs). (ox.ac.uk)
  • In addition, these cells are enriched for β1-integrin, are cytokeratin negative, and show minimal expression of surface markers that typically are found on bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. (tau.ac.il)
  • While IPS cells offer tremendous promise for regenerative medicine, scientists caution that major challenges must be overcome before medical applications can be considered. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Yamanaka began by isolating 10 candidate factors that could potentially induce pluripotency in somatic cells. (khanacademy.org)
  • and (4) could not generate one type of tissue previously reported: i.e., blood cells. (ca.gov)
  • Unlike some other tissues, it has not been possible to identify or purify neural stem cells directly from the tissue. (elifesciences.org)
  • 8 Jun, 2007 04:13 pm Stem cells provide the starting material for the development and repair of every organ and tissue in the body and they are present in all stages of life. (scitizen.com)
  • Tissue engineering and cell therapy approaches aim to take advantage of the repopulating ability and plasticity of multipotent stem cells to regenerate lost or diseased tissue. (tau.ac.il)
  • First, however, the team had to collect individual cells from the adult mouse brain in a way that reflects the cellular diversity of native, intact tissue. (broadinstitute.org)
  • A multi-tissue full lifespan epigenetic clock for mice. (sens.org)
  • When a heart attack strikes, heart muscle cells die and scar tissue forms, paving the way for heart failure. (eurekalert.org)
  • These predictions were all confirmed, providing strong evidence that testosterone metabolism is a co-operative effort among several cells in this tissue. (nih.gov)
  • Finally digest the remains by enzymes to obtain single isolated cells and culture the cells in a tissue culture dishes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dissociating cells from specific tissue types requires specific parameters for tissue agitation to obtain a high volume of viable, culturable cells. (jove.com)
  • Staining of different tissue from the mice. (khanacademy.org)
  • fication and isolation via fluorescence-activated cell sort- ing (FACS). (lu.se)
  • Some of these pre-neuron stem cells stick around in the adult brain, too. (cosmosmagazine.com)
  • Interruptions to the neuron development process in adult stem cells have been linked to Alzheimer's disease and cognitive deficits similar to the symptoms of depression. (cosmosmagazine.com)
  • He says, "A common problem when you're trying to transform a human stem cell into an insulin-producing beta cell - or a neuron or a heart cell - is that you also produce other cells that you don't want. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Our discovery that another stem cell type exists in the mouse brain of adult animals throws new light on the processes of neuron formation," emphasises Dr Ciccolini. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • The cosegregation of 'immortal' template DNA strands and their link with the asymmetry apparatus has important implications for stem cell biology and cancer. (nih.gov)
  • This research appeared in Nature Cell Biology . (eurekalert.org)
  • MEFs are widely used in life science researches, especially in stem cell biology. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 2006, Shinya Yamanaka reprogrammed MEFs into iPSCs by introducing 4 factors, which is remarkable in the development of stem cell biology. (wikipedia.org)
  • 2015). Principles of Stem Cell Biology and Cancer: Future Applications and Therapeutics. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Zika virus might not just harm the brain of the developing foetus - it could also affect parts of the adult brain, a new study in mice suggests. (cosmosmagazine.com)
  • While it's not known exactly how Zika leads to microcephaly, the research team hypothesised that this progression could also potentially play out in stem cells in the adult brain. (cosmosmagazine.com)
  • To test this theory, the team monitored the brains of mice infected with Zika, using glowing biomarkers to track the virus and measure affected areas of the brain. (cosmosmagazine.com)
  • The fluorescent biomarker (in green) revealed that the adult mouse brain could be infected by Zika in a region called the subgranular zone of the hippocampus. (cosmosmagazine.com)
  • The neurosphere-forming cells, named GEPCOT cells, were short-lived and highly proliferative in the brain. (elifesciences.org)
  • The identification of undifferentiated pre-GEPCOT and GEPCOT cells will make it possible to directly study the properties of these cells inside the mouse brain, and to isolate live cells to test how they function. (elifesciences.org)
  • Scientists at Toronto University and the Toronto Western Research Institute of Canada managed to reduce some of the paralysis of rats with spinal cord injury with cells transplanted from adult mice brain cells. (sci-info-pages.com)
  • Dr. Michael Fehlings, lead researcher, said even some cells in the spinal cord itself could be used (rather than brain cells). (sci-info-pages.com)
  • Brain cells from adult mice were implanted into the spinal cords of the rats at two and eight weeks after injury. (sci-info-pages.com)
  • The rats that received the brain cells two weeks after injury gained coordination on their hind legs and started to develop the ability to bear weight (on their back legs) - they did not start walking normally. (sci-info-pages.com)
  • The rats that received the brain cells eight weeks after injury experienced no improvement in their paralysis. (sci-info-pages.com)
  • Unlike previous experiments which managed to ease paralysis in laboratory animals, this research managed to do it with adult brain cells, rather than embryonic stem cells (or cells from fetuses). (sci-info-pages.com)
  • These adult mice brain cells, when implanted into the spinal cord, create a sheath (kind of insulation) around the nerve fibers - very much like the plastic insulation you find around electric cables in your home. (sci-info-pages.com)
  • And while scientists have a general idea of the different types of cells that make up some brain regions, the detailed identities, molecular repertoires, and functional roles of cells at a brain-wide level have yet to be fully cataloged, further complicating efforts to link variant to cell to function. (broadinstitute.org)
  • We haven't had a global framework for understanding, at the molecular, single-cell level, the cells that make up the core components of the brain," said Arpiar Saunders, a postdoctoral researcher in the McCarroll laboratory and co-first author of the study with Stanley Center associate member and Massachusetts General Hospital psychiatrist Evan Macosko. (broadinstitute.org)
  • The research team generated the atlas by analyzing gene expression in 690,000 individual cells isolated from nine brain regions, including the frontal and posterior cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum, thalamus, striatum, and substantia nigra. (broadinstitute.org)
  • All told, the nine regions account for between 60 and 70 percent of the volume of the mouse brain. (broadinstitute.org)
  • This is no small feat, given that adult brain cells weave together in a dense, complicated fashion as they age, making them difficult to tease apart. (broadinstitute.org)
  • Cells in the RG lineage are functionally and biochemically heterogeneous in subregions of the brain. (ox.ac.uk)
  • To study the ontogeny of these cells, we examined the expression of molecules associated with RG during development: vimentin, astrocyte-specific glutamate transporter (GLAST), and brain lipid-binding protein (BLBP). (ox.ac.uk)
  • But the team at the University of Rochester say their findings also suggest that these brain cells, called glial cells, may very well be one of the important factors that make humans different from other animals. (nbcnews.com)
  • Their findings also support the growing theory that glia cells, one of the important components of the brain's so-called white matter, are far from being passive support cells and are in fact actively involved in brain function. (nbcnews.com)
  • Down the road, Goldman hopes the findings might lead to procedures to transplant brain cells to treat diseases as diverse as multiple sclerosis, bipolar disease and even the brain shrinkage that causes memory loss in aging. (nbcnews.com)
  • This study looked at global and regional patterns of cell death during pre-puberty and puberty in the mouse brain. (umass.edu)
  • A research team led by Dr Francesca Ciccolini at the Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN) of Heidelberg University recently discovered a second stem cell population in the mouse brain. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • They were long considered to be the only stem cell population in the adult mouse brain as well as the main driver of nerve cell formation," explains Dr Ciccolini. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • The human brain has similar stem cells that are involved in the formation of brain tumours. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • A Non-Aggressive, Highly Efficient, Enzymatic Method for Dissociation of Human Brain-Tumors and Brain-Tissues to Viable Single-Cells. (worthington-biochem.com)
  • Pediatric Brain Tumor Cancer Stem Cells: Cell Cycle Dynamics, DNA Repair, and Etoposide Extrusion. (worthington-biochem.com)
  • Primary Cell Culture of Live Neurosurgically Resected Aged Adult Human Brain Cells and Single Cell Transcriptomics. (worthington-biochem.com)
  • A new study in the journal Nature Aging describes a new anatomical structure in the brain called SLYM, an abbreviation of Subarachnoidal LYmphatic-like Membrane, that acts as a barrier and a platform from which immune cells can monitor the brain. (scitechdaily.com)
  • The latest discovery, described on January 5 in the journal Science , is a previously unknown component of brain anatomy that acts as both a protective barrier and platform from which immune cells monitor the brain for infection and inflammation. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Nedergaard and her colleagues have transformed our understanding of the fundamental mechanics of the human brain and made significant findings to the field of neuroscience, including detailing the many critical functions of previously overlooked cells in the brain called glia and the brain's unique process of waste removal, which the lab named the glymphatic system. (scitechdaily.com)
  • While much of the research in the paper describes the function of SLYM in mice, they also report its actual presence in the adult human brain as well. (scitechdaily.com)
  • In addition, the SLYM appears to host its own population of central nervous system immune cells that use the SLYM for surveillance at the surface of brain, allowing them to scan passing CSF for signs of infection. (scitechdaily.com)
  • When the membrane was ruptured during traumatic brain injury, the resulting disruption in the flow of CSF impaired the glymphatic system and allowed non-central nervous system immune cells to enter the brain. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Taken together, our data provide proof of principle that direct neural conversion can take place in the adult rodent brain when using transplanted human cells or endogenous mouse cells as a starting cell for neural conversion. (lu.se)
  • We previously reported that mouse fetuses or neonates exposed to 2 Gy of X rays showed an unexpectedly low incidence of chromosome damage in lymphocytes, bone marrow, and spleen cells when the mice were subsequently examined at 20 weeks of age. (bioone.org)
  • After mFISH analyses of the same cell samples studied previously, it was confirmed that spleen cells of 20-week-old mice irradiated either as 15.5-day fetuses or as 3- to 4-day-old neonates showed translocation frequencies close to zero. (bioone.org)
  • Since no evidence of clonality was observed in the irradiated mother, we concluded that in both fetuses and neonates, there exists a small fraction of stem cells that are distinct from the bulk of the stem cell compartment in terms of their ability to acquire and transmit radiation-induced chromosome damage through clonal expansion. (bioone.org)
  • Investigation of mitotically-active cells in the adult mouse hippocampus (Master's thesis, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada). (ucalgary.ca)
  • Furthermore females at P20 have more dying cells than males globally and in the hippocampus, but no other sex differences were observed. (umass.edu)
  • The cells, called osteochondroreticular (OCR) stem cells, were discovered by tracking a protein expressed by the cells. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Conditional deletion of the Bmi-1 polycomb protein depleted pre-GEPCOT and GEPCOT cells, though pre-GEPCOT cells were more dependent upon Bmi-1 for Cdkn2a ( p16 Ink4a ) repression. (elifesciences.org)
  • Recent studies indicate that nutrient fluctuations and insulin resistance increase proinsulin synthesis in β cells beyond the capacity for folding of nascent polypeptides within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen, thereby disrupting ER homeostasis and triggering the unfolded protein response (UPR). (jci.org)
  • These findings suggest that CHOP is a fundamental factor that links protein misfolding in the ER to oxidative stress and apoptosis in β cells under conditions of increased insulin demand. (jci.org)
  • More recently, I have moved from the fields of protein structure and medicinal chemistry to the cell and molecular. (scitizen.com)
  • ERBB2 is a specialized receptor - a protein that transmits external messages into the cell. (eurekalert.org)
  • Next, the team reactivated the ERBB2 protein in adult mouse heart cells, in which cardiomyocytes normally no longer divide. (eurekalert.org)
  • Quantum barcoding (QBC) avoids isolation of single cells by building cell-specific oligo barcodes dynamically within each cell. (nature.com)
  • The first articles on the isolation of mouse ES cells were published in 1981 1 immediately heralding the possibility of isolating ES cells from other mammals. (scitizen.com)
  • During the mid- to late-nineties, this possibility was realised, with the isolation of ES cells from various species including rabbit, pig, cow, and primates (monkey and marmoset), culminating with the publication in 1998 of two articles on the isolation of human ES cells 2 . (scitizen.com)
  • Fig. 3: Enforced locomotion enhances OPC Ca 2+ activity in the mouse visual cortex. (nature.com)
  • Welfare in Europe and Japan, for immuno- ods for developmental neurotoxicity and System toxicity testing in adult rodents. (cdc.gov)
  • However, it remains unknown whether adult MCs-derived SM-like cells may acquire specific vascular SM lineage markers and the functionality of differentiated contractile VSMCs. (ox.ac.uk)
  • This population of small cells includes a CD45-negative fraction that lacks hematopoietic stem cell and lineage markers and resides in the renal interstitial space. (tau.ac.il)
  • Our results show that cells expressing vimentin and GFAP (in the radial glia-astrocyte lineage) are heterogeneous dorsoventrally in the walls of the LV. (ox.ac.uk)
  • or movements in a free energy landscape such that lineage choices are paths between stable cell states. (lu.se)
  • Finally, when injected directly into the renal parenchyma, shortly after ischemic/reperfusion injury, renal Sca-1 + Lin - cells, derived from ROSA26 reporter mice, adopt a tubular phenotype and potentially could contribute to kidney repair. (tau.ac.il)
  • Sickle-cell anemia is a disease of the blood marrow caused by a defect in a single gene. (medicalxpress.com)
  • The mouse model had been designed to include relevant human genes involved in blood production, including the defective version of that gene. (medicalxpress.com)
  • IPS cells were selected based on their morphology and then verified to express gene markers specific to embryonic stem cells. (medicalxpress.com)
  • To decrease or eliminate possible cancer in the treated mice, the c-Myc gene was removed by genetic manipulation from the IPS cells. (medicalxpress.com)
  • The team then created mice in which the gene for ERBB2 was knocked out only in cardiomyocytes. (eurekalert.org)
  • Knocking out the Bax gene, which is important for neuronal death, had only a modest effect on cell death during pre-puberty and puberty compared to what has been shown in younger ages. (umass.edu)
  • 2. Nuclear transfer is a technique used to duplicate genetic material by creating an embryo through the transfer and fusion of a diploid cell in an enucleated female oocyte.2 Cloning has a broader meaning than nuclear transfer as it also involves gene replication and natural or induced embryo splitting (see Annex 1). (who.int)
  • A stem cell capable of regenerating both bone and cartilage has been identified in bone marrow of mice. (sciencedaily.com)
  • If you make a fracture in the mouse, these cells will come alive again, generate both bone and cartilage in the mouse--and repair the fracture. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Our findings raise the possibility that drugs or other therapies can be developed to stimulate the production of OCR stem cells and improve the body's ability to repair bone injury--a process that declines significantly in old age," says Timothy C. Wang, MD, the Dorothy L. and Daniel H. Silberberg Professor of Medicine at CUMC, who initiated this research. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Previously, Dr. Wang found an analogous stem cell in the intestinal tract and observed that it was also abundant in the bone. (sciencedaily.com)
  • These cells are particularly active during development, but they also increase in number in adulthood after bone injury," says Gerard Karsenty, MD, PhD, the Paul A. Marks Professor of Genetics and Development, chair of the Department of Genetics & Development, and a member of the research team. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The CUMC study suggests that OCR stem cells actually fill this function and that both OCR stems cells and MSCs contribute to bone maintenance and repair in adults. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Previously, we identified inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) as an essential enzyme for development and reversal of smoke-induced PH and emphysema, and showed that iNOS expression in bone-marrow-derived cells drives pulmonary vascular remodelling, but not parenchymal destruction. (ersjournals.com)
  • Although longitudinal natural history data are limited, published guidelines are available to assist with decisions related to the pursuit of transplantation and whether to use bone marrow or umbilical cord blood-derived cells. (medscape.com)
  • newborn mice can regenerate damaged hearts, while seven-day-old mice already cannot. (eurekalert.org)
  • The availability of both ERT and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has prompted ongoing consideration of newborn screening efforts to diagnose lysosomal storage diseases. (medscape.com)
  • The analyses showed that the disease was corrected, with measurements of blood and kidney functions similar to those of normal mice. (medicalxpress.com)
  • In the adult kidney, Troy+ cells are present in the papilla and these cells continue to contribute to collecting duct formation during homeostasis. (knaw.nl)
  • We show that, while the axon guidance molecule Netrin-1 promotes nerve invasion by blood vessels via the endothelial receptor UNC5B during embryogenesis, myelinated Schwann cells negatively control intra-nervous vascularization during post-natal period. (elifesciences.org)
  • Using mouse genetic models, the authors show that Schwann cells regulate vascularization of the sciatic nerve and are required for a decrease in vascular density postnatally. (elifesciences.org)
  • Peripheral nerves, connecting the central nervous system (CNS) to the rest of the body, are composed of axons covered by myelinating and non-myelinating Schwann cells (SC). (elifesciences.org)
  • In this study, we generated a transgenic mouse line that expresses membrane-anchored GCaMP6s in OPCs and used longitudinal two-photon microscopy to monitor OPC calcium (Ca 2+ ) dynamics in the cerebral cortex. (nature.com)
  • The blood of treated mice was tested with standard analyses employed for human patients. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Recent technological advances have accelerated single-cell analyses, but workflows remain expensive and complex. (nature.com)
  • But after we conducted a number of function analyses, it rapidly became clear that these had to be a separate stem cell population," stresses Dr Ciccolini. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • Lesioning the cerebral cortex did not change the expression of vimentin and GFAP in RG-like cells, nor did it alter their morphology. (ox.ac.uk)
  • These complex and simple cells with differential degree of OS may provide functionally distinct signals to different downstream targets. (jneurosci.org)
  • Functional response of LRCs was investigated by human chorionic gonadotropin stimulation of week 12 chase mice and demonstrated sequential proliferation of LRCs in the endometrial stroma, followed by the myometrium. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • The central nervous system maintains its own native population of immune cells, and the membrane's integrity prevents outside immune cells from entering. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Accumulated data indicate that hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may be effective under optimal conditions in preventing the progression of central nervous system symptoms in neuronopathic forms of lysosomal storage diseases (such as Krabbe disease), including some of the mucopolysaccharidoses, oligosaccharidoses, sphingolipidoses, and lipidoses as well as peroxisome disorders such as X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. (medscape.com)
  • Immunohisto- have been used for positive selection of NSCs from em- chemistry on human embryonic central nervous system bryonic mice (Nagato et al. (lu.se)
  • 2002). In humans, SSEA4 is expressed by building the nervous system but also for their prospec- nonneural cells such as the erythrocytes (Kannagi et al. (lu.se)
  • Accumulated data indicate that hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may be effective under optimal conditions in preventing the progression of central nervous system symptoms in neuronopathic forms of lysosomal storage diseases, including some of the mucopolysaccharidoses, oligosaccharidoses, sphingolipidoses, and lipidoses. (medscape.com)
  • image: Two neonatal cardiomyocytes (stained red) undergoing cell division after treatment with NRG1 are shown. (eurekalert.org)
  • The stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 (SSEA4) is com- isolate the NSCs from neonatal mice and rats (Campos monly used as a cell surface marker to identify the pluri- et al. (lu.se)
  • We are now trying to figure out whether we can persuade these cells to specifically regenerate after injury. (sciencedaily.com)
  • New research at the Weizmann Institute of Science provides insight into the question of why the mammalian heart fails to regenerate, on one hand, and demonstrated, in adult mice, the possibility of turning back this fate. (eurekalert.org)
  • This demonstrates that IPS cells have the same potential for therapy as embryonic stem cells, without the ethical and practical issues raised in creating embryonic stem cells," says Jaenisch. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Tracing of Troy+ cells during nephrogenesis demonstrates that Troy+ cells clonally give rise to tubular structures that persist for up to 2 y after induction. (knaw.nl)
  • Overall, this study demonstrates that there are trade-offs when it comes to epigenetic clocks in mice. (sens.org)
  • Here, we describe how a gentle trypsinization of adult mouse uterine cords could selectively detach their outermost uterine mesothelial layer cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Radial glia-like cells at the base of the lateral ventricles in adult mice. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The mice with the human glia froze faster and stayed frozen longer than thieir littermates without human glia, Goldman and Nedergaard found. (nbcnews.com)
  • Writing in the journal Cell Stem Cell, Nedergaard and Goldman said they were trying to find ways to cure mice of multiple sclerosis, which is caused when nerve cells lose their fatty coating of myelin and stop working properly. (nbcnews.com)
  • Neurosphere formation is commonly used as a surrogate for neural stem cell (NSC) function but the relationship between neurosphere-initiating cells (NICs) and NSCs remains unclear. (elifesciences.org)
  • 2005). Finally, negative revealed that SSEA4 is detectable in the early neuroepi- selection strategies have been also developed as an alter- thelium, and its expression decreases as development native method to enrich for NSCs from both adult proceeds. (lu.se)
  • 2000). In *Correspondence to: Perrine Barraud, Department of Veterinary Medi- contrast, several cell surface markers have been used to cine, Neurosciences, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OES, United enrich for NSCs in the rodent CNS. (lu.se)
  • term pre-GEPCOT cells (based on an acronym of the markers used to isolate the cells), were long-lived and quiescent, but they lacked the ability to form colonies in culture. (elifesciences.org)
  • This transplantation procedure "rapidly reversed severe preexisting diabetes in mice," write the authors in their paper. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Some evidence indicates that at least in certain disorders, combination ERT and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation together might be superior to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation alone in patients who are appropriate candidates. (medscape.com)