Adult mammal cloning and stem cell. Medical search. Frequent questions

When the world learned in 1997 of Dolly the sheep, the first clone produced from an adult mammal, a broad public discussion about the ethics of human cloning ensued, largely focused on the nature, meaning, and future of human procreation. (thenewatlantis.com)
It became a hot topic in 1996 when Dolly the sheep was cloned via a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer. (archstl.org)
This 13-minute video shows students both the scientific and cultural context surrounding Dolly, the world's first clone of an adult mammal. (retroreport.org)
The video clarifies the scientific process that led to Dolly's creation, explores how media and political leaders responded to the birth with surprise and fear, and how Dolly influenced the ongoing debate over the use of human embryos in stem cell research. (retroreport.org)
They saw the cloning of Dolly as a step on that road. (retroreport.org)
Is Dolly an exact clone of the nucleus donor? (retroreport.org)
The resulting egg was implanted in the womb of a third sheep, and the result was Dolly, the first clone of a mammal. (usf.edu)
Dolly, the first mammal to be genetically cloned from adult cells, poses for the camera in 1997 at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, Scotland. (usf.edu)
Then in '97 the paper by Ian Wilmut came out on the cloning of Dolly the sheep. (rupress.org)
This question had not been resolved unequivocally by the cloning of Dolly or other mammals. (rupress.org)
Professor Sir Ian Wilmut was part of a team at the Roslin Institute at the University of Edinburgh which successfully cloned Dolly in 1996. (stv.tv)
Tributes have been paid to the scientist who led the team which cloned Dolly the sheep 27 years ago after he died at the age of 79. (stv.tv)
Dolly was the first mammal to be cloned from an adult cell, but not the first ever sheep to be cloned. (stv.tv)
Prof Wilmut hoped cloning would mean no species became extinct - but Dolly also helped to pioneer stem cell research. (stv.tv)
Scientists named Dolly after singer Dolly Parton, because she was cloned using a cell from the mammary gland of a six-year-old Dorset Finn ewe, and she was kept a secret for the first months of her life. (stv.tv)
Ian led the research team that produce the first cloned mammal in Dolly. (stv.tv)
He was a titan of the scientific world, leading the Roslin Institute team who cloned Dolly the sheep - the first mammal to be cloned from an adult cell - which transformed scientific thinking at the time. (stv.tv)
Wilmut, along with his colleague Keith Campbell and their research team, achieved a monumental milestone in the world of science by successfully cloning the first mammal from an adult cell - famously known as Dolly the Sheep in 1996. (biotecnika.org)
Following the Dolly experiment's success, Ian Wilmut shifted his focus towards utilizing cloning technology to produce stem cells. (biotecnika.org)
Today marks the 20th anniversary of Dolly the sheep, the first mammal cloned from an adult cell. (womenofageridinghorses.com)
Professor Campbell was instrumental in the creation of Dolly the Sheep, the first cloned mammal, a breakthrough which paved the way for the successful cloning of many other mammal species. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Dolly the Sheep, the first mammal to be cloned from an adult derived somatic cell, was born in 1996. (nottingham.ac.uk)
His research blossomed after he came to Roslin Institute where in a series of papers he put the intellectual framework into the method of mammalian cloning that ultimately led to the birth of Dolly in 1996. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Inevitably most people will remember him for Dolly the sheep although his recent work was focused on fundamental and applied stem cell research as a tool for the study of human disease. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Although many species produce clonal offspring in this fashion, Dolly, the lamb born in 1996 at a research institute in Scotland, was the first asexually produced mammalian clone. (who.int)
Somatic-cell nuclear transfer, the technique by which Dolly was created, was first used 40 years ago in research with tadpoles and frogs. (who.int)
He was a giant of the scientific world and led the Roslin Institute team that cloned Dolly the sheep - the first mammal cloned from an adult cell - which changed scientific thinking at the time. (worldtimetodays.com)
Dolly was the only surviving lamb from 277 cloning attempts and was created from a milk cell from a six-year-old Finn Dorset sheep. (worldtimetodays.com)
Dolly the sheep made history 20 years ago after being cloned at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh. (worldtimetodays.com)
Dolly was the first successfully created clone from an adult mammalian cell. (worldtimetodays.com)
is a British developmental biologist who was the first to use nuclear transfer of differentiated adult cells to generate a mammalian clone, a Finn Dorset sheep named Dolly, born in 1996. (mathisfunforum.com)
Ever since cloning produced Dolly the sheep , scientists have copied a slew of mammals ranging from dogs to ponies. (engadget.com)
Chinese researchers have successfully cloned a macaque monkey fetus twice, producing sister monkeys Hua Hua and Zhong Zhong using the same basic method used to create Dolly. (engadget.com)
It took 127 eggs and 79 embryos to get these results, and it still required a fetus to work (Dolly was cloned from an adult). (engadget.com)
Dolly was the first successful cloning of a mammal from an adult somatic cell, demonstrating the viability of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). (yahoo.com)
A year before Dolly, he successfully cloned two lambs (Megan and Morag) whose cells were taken from sheep embryos. (yahoo.com)
While Dolly proved that cells could be used to create a copy of the animal they came from, Wilmut's next experiment proved that they could also be altered. (yahoo.com)
The cloning of 'Dolly The Sheep' in 1996 by the Rosalind Institute in Scotland, UK, is the most recognised example of reproductive cloning. (geminigenetics.com)
Quick Answer: What Year Was Dolly The Sheep Cloned? (pooginook.com)
How old was Dolly the cloned sheep when she died? (pooginook.com)
How many attempts did it take to clone Dolly? (pooginook.com)
Dolly was important because she was the first mammal to be cloned from an adult cell. (pooginook.com)
How much did it cost to clone Dolly the sheep? (pooginook.com)
Dolly the sheep, the first mammal cloned from an adult cell, died on 14 February. (pooginook.com)
What happened to Dolly the sheep clone? (pooginook.com)
What animals have been cloned since Dolly the sheep? (pooginook.com)
Scientist Ian Wilmut, who led a team from Scotland's Roslin Institute and biotech company PPL Therapeutics plc to clone Dolly the Sheep in 1996, died on Sept. 10 at age 79. (bioworld.com)
Dolly was the first mammal cloned from an adult cell taken from the mammary gland of a 6-year-old Finn Dorset sheep and an egg cell from a Scottish Blackface sheep. (bioworld.com)

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are pluripotent stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst, an early-stage pre-implantation embryo. (wikipedia.org)
Rapid cell division allows the cells to quickly grow in number, but not size, which is important for early embryo development. (wikipedia.org)
Other policy options, such as supposed compromises that would prohibit "reproductive cloning" but permit "therapeutic cloning" by prohibiting not the act of creating a cloned embryo but the act of transferring a cloned embryo to a woman's uterus, would inherently mandate the wide-scale destruction of human embryos. (thenewatlantis.com)
That's why Father Pacholczyk, director of education at the National Catholic Bioethics Center in Philadelphia, said that the efforts to help people understand the immorality of embryo reserch, including human cloning, must focus on humanizing the issue and appreciating our own embryonic origins, not just on the desired results of embryonic or other types of stem-cell research. (archstl.org)
This mouse egg (top) is being injected with genetic material from an adult cell to ultimately create an embryo - and, eventually, embryonic stem cells. (usf.edu)
They look like the cells in a human embryo - in fact, they're called embryonic stem cells. (usf.edu)
This achievement marked the first time scientists transformed an adult cell into an embryo, resulting in a genetically identical animal to the donor. (biotecnika.org)
increased public sensitivity and awareness together with the development of national regulations of governance of human cloning and embryo research in general. (lifeissues.net)
3. National regulations of governance of human cloning and embryo research in general adopted so far confirm the convergence of views of the refusal to adopt legislation or guidelines permitting reproductive cloning , while they still show variations on the legitimacy of human cloning carried out as part of research agendas. (lifeissues.net)
But it is perhaps not auspicious to quote him for purposes of the scientific debates on human cloning, because Ramsey agreed with and supported the scientific myth of the "pre-embryo" 47 made famous by Jesuit Richard McCormick and frog embryologist Clifford Grobstein. (lifeissues.net)
Perhaps Ramsey would give other extraordinarily powerful arguments as to why human cloning is unethical, but he obviously would not be able to base it on his unscientific "pre-embryo" position. (lifeissues.net)
Otherwise, such a treaty would not recognize the inherent human nature of the early human embryo or fetus until after birth , and thus cloning them and using them for research - both "therapeutic" and "reproductive" -- would not be banned, and women undergoing "infertility treatments" could surely be put in danger. (lifeissues.net)
Again, Saunders is referring to SCNT as "THE" cloning procedure, when there are many other ways to clone a human being as well, and he is scientifically mis-defining the product of SCNT (i.e., the cloned human embryo). (lifeissues.net)
The first position is that of those who consider that the human embryo, in its first days of life, is a cell cluster with no biological structure, i.e. an unorganised cluster of cells and, accordingly, with no biological or ontological value. (bioethicsobservatory.org)
In other words, this law accepts the obsolete theory that identifies the human embryo as a cluster of cells. (bioethicsobservatory.org)
The third position is that of those who consider that the single-cell, polarised, asymmetrical human embryo, the zygote, obtained naturally or artificially, is a living being of our species, bearer therefore of the dignity that all human beings intrinsically possess, and consequently worthy of being treated in accordance with that dignity. (bioethicsobservatory.org)
In 1-cell and 2-cell embryos Dnmt1s is derived from the oocyte, whereas from the 2-cell stage onward the embryo starts to synthesize its own Dnmt1s 8 . (nature.com)
This process gets rid of unneeded cells and is particularly important for "sculpting" tissue and organ structure during development of the embryo (or larval metamorphosis in insects), but may occur at any time even in adult cells when a tissue needs to be remodeled. (agemed.org)
An electric shock was used to stimulate the hybrid cell to divide and create an embryo, which was then implanted into the uterus of a surrogate mother. (worldtimetodays.com)
The resulting embryo is then implanted into a surrogate mother, resulting in the birth of an animal genetically identical to the body cell donor. (geminigenetics.com)
Therapeutic cloning involves the creation of an early-stage embryo (blastocyst) and the removal of stem cells from the developing embryo. (geminigenetics.com)
An electrical impulse is then applied to the egg cell to stimulate it to become an embryo. (geminigenetics.com)
Though pet cloning may be considered a relatively new technology, the process of cloning as defined above is first documented in 1885, where Hans Adolf Eduard Driesch demonstrated artificial embryo twinning on a sea-urchin. (geminigenetics.com)
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are derived from the embryo and are pluripotent, thus possessing the capability of developing into any organ, cell type or tissue type. (justia.com)
That honour belongs to another sheep which was cloned from an embryo cell and born in 1984 in Cambridge, UK. (pooginook.com)
It would involve introducing Neanderthal DNA into a human stem cell, before finding a human surrogate mother to carry the Neanderthal-esque embryo. (pooginook.com)
In 1998, scientists in South Korea claimed to have successfully cloned a human embryo, but said the experiment was interrupted very early when the clone was just a group of four cells. (pooginook.com)

Ian Wilmut, a renowned British embryologist famous for his groundbreaking work in cloning and stem cell research, has sadly passed away at the age of 79 due to Parkinson's disease. (biotecnika.org)
When Professor Wilmut introduced the sheep in 1997, it paved the way for potential stem cell treatments to treat conditions such as Parkinson's disease, a degenerative disease that affects more than 150,000 people in the UK. (worldtimetodays.com)
Wilmut moved to the University of Edinburgh the following decade, focusing on using cloning to make stem cells for regenerative medicine. (yahoo.com)

concept of animal cloning, which has now been successfully carried out with sheep and a number of other mammals. (brandeis.edu)
The potential of intra-articular injection of chondrogenic-induced bone marrow stem cells to retard the progression of osteoarthritis in a sheep model. (sciendo.com)
Adipose Tissue- and Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Sheep: Culture Characteristics. (sciendo.com)
In February 1997 the cloning of a sheep sent shock waves around the globe and triggered fears of overreach by scientists. (retroreport.org)
Eighteen years ago, scientists in Scotland took the nuclear DNA from the cell of an adult sheep and put it into another sheep's egg cell that had been emptied of its own nucleus. (usf.edu)
In the 18 years since researchers cloned a sheep, scientists have found another way to produce cloned human cell lines. (usf.edu)
It also means that finally getting the sheep technology to work with cells from adult humans may not turn out to be a turning point for this technology, after all. (usf.edu)
They accomplished this feat by taking a cell from the mammary gland of a deceased adult sheep, applying electricity and chemicals to reprogram the DNA, and then implanting it into an empty sheep's egg. (biotecnika.org)
He then moved to PPLTherapeutics, the company that was spun out from Roslin Institute, where that procedure and his expertise led to the birth of cloned and genetically modified sheep, pigs and cattle. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Specifically, many wondered: If they're doing sheep now, how long until they clone humans? (yahoo.com)
Numerous biological components, including genes, cells, tissues, and even complete creatures like sheep, have been cloned by researchers, and now cat, dog and equine cloning is widely and reliably available via international companies such as our partner, ViaGen Pets & Equine. (geminigenetics.com)
She lived to six and a half years, when she was eventually put down after a contagious disease spread through her flock, infecting cloned and normally reproduced sheep alike. (pooginook.com)
Biologist are already cloning plants and even sheep! (newstimenow.com)

But cloning research continued, and American scientists announced in 2013 that they had for the first time successfully obtained stem cells from cloned human embryos. (thenewatlantis.com)
They used adult cells, but it was possible that the cells that gave rise to successfully cloned animals were derived from rare adult stem cells. (rupress.org)
Dolly's successful birth in 1996 marked the first time a mammal was successfully cloned from an adult cell. (yahoo.com)

Pluripotent stem cells have shown promise in treating a number of varying conditions, including but not limited to: spinal cord injuries, age related macular degeneration, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders (such as Parkinson's disease), AIDS, etc. (wikipedia.org)
The awards will be given March 26 in a private reception, following a free public symposium entitled "Generation of Pluripotent Stem Cells. (brandeis.edu)
And the other technique, which produces " induced pluripotent stem cells ," skips the step that requires a human egg cell, so some people find it less fraught, ethically. (usf.edu)
But what is not getting such wide reporting is the use of pluripotent stem cells (as well as many other types of cells and genetic engineering techniques) for reproductive purposes . (lifeissues.net)
Whilst differentiation of some lineage specific stem cells can be induced with a degree of certainty, a differentiation outcome of a population of pluripotent stem cells is less predictable. (justia.com)

It was created in a laboratory in Edinburgh in 1996 using a technique called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). (worldtimetodays.com)
She was born on 5 July 1996 and died from a progressive lung disease five months before her seventh birthday (the disease was not considered related to her being a clone) on 14 February 2003. (pooginook.com)

Researchers are currently focusing heavily on the therapeutic potential of embryonic stem cells, with clinical use being the goal for many laboratories. (wikipedia.org)
He was the first to appreciate the therapeutic potential of stem cell therapy and has pioneered its development. (brandeis.edu)
At just 31 years old, Hochedlinger has already worked on therapeutic cloning in a mouse model ( 2 ), reprogramming cancer nuclei ( 3 ), and the molecular mechanisms controlling stem cell pluripotency ( 4 ). (rupress.org)
This pioneering study has helped pave the way for others to develop gene and stem-cell based strategies for therapeutic purposes. (nottingham.ac.uk)
In particular, scientific developments in areas such as iPS cells open new possibilities of research and, at mid term, of therapeutic applications, but they also bring new ethical challenges and problems requiring further reflection and debate. (lifeissues.net)
Finally, this threat also extends to embryos produced by cloning and parthenogenesis , which can then be used for presumably therapeutic and, in particular, experimental ends, mainly to obtain embryonic cell lines that can then be used for biomedical experiments, leading to the inevitable destruction of the embryos created. (bioethicsobservatory.org)
Therapeutic cloning refers to the production of embryonic stem cells for medicinal reasons, for example regenerative medicine and tissue replacement. (geminigenetics.com)
The present invention also provides methods of using the differentiated cells of the present invention for therapeutic purposes. (justia.com)
In particular, the induction of stem cells to differentiate into muscle cells (myocytes) is useful for muscle transplantation and therapeutic purposes, as well as providing potential human disease models in culture (e.g. for testing pharmaceuticals). (justia.com)
The induction of cardiomyocyte differentiation in stem cells is especially useful in developing therapeutic methods and products for heart disease and abnormal heart conditions. (justia.com)
Under the AHR Act, it is illegal to knowingly create a human clone, regardless of the purpose, including therapeutic and reproductive cloning. (pooginook.com)

Retinoblastoma proteins that inhibit the transcription factor E2F until the cell is ready to enter S phase are hyperphosphorylated and inactivated in ESCs, leading to continual expression of proliferation genes. (wikipedia.org)
His demonstration that the expression of four master regulatory genes was sufficient to cause the reprogramming of adult cells has opened up many possibilities for human stem cell therapies. (brandeis.edu)
Ideally he would like to screen millions of adults and choose just a hundred or so whose genes would make them good DNA donors. (usf.edu)
He'd like to see a library of cells created with those carefully chosen genes. (usf.edu)
Amongst the intestinal Wnt target genes (13), we found the Gpr49/Lgr5 gene to be unique in that it marks small cycling cells at crypt bottoms. (hubrecht.eu)
Two other Wnt target genes, RNF43 and ZNRF3, encode stem cell-specific E3 ligases that downregulate Wnt receptors in a negative feedback loop (35). (hubrecht.eu)
Promoters of genes associated with oxidative phosphorylation are preferentially remethylated at the 8-cell stage, suggesting that this mode of energy metabolism may not be favored. (nature.com)
Cells become cancerous by accumulating, stepwise, a series of several mutations that alter the function of genes important for cell growth. (agemed.org)
Scientists were initially interested in somatic-cell nuclear transfer as a means of determining whether genes remain functional even after most of them have been switched off as the cells in a developing organism assume their specialized functions as blood cells, muscle cells, and so forth. (who.int)
The fact that the DNA of a fully differentiated (adult) cell could be stimulated to revert to a condition comparable to that of a newly fertilized egg and to repeat the process of embryonic development demonstrates that all the genes in differentiated cells retain their functional capacity, although only a few are active. (who.int)
Dolly's creation showed that genes in the nucleus of a mature cell are still capable of reverting to an embryonic totipotent state - that is, the cell can divide to produce all of an animal's differential cells. (worldtimetodays.com)
Several genes involved in different aspects of stem cell activation are being studied, including some that transduce initial signals, and others that regulate self-renewal and differentiation. (chicagobiomedicalconsortium.org)
As such, monkey cloning may be limited to medical research, where having more than one monkey with the same genes could help scientists compare the results of treatments or test under specific conditions. (engadget.com)
A University of Connecticut team found that cloned cows had flaws in nine out of 10 genes studied on their X chromosome-one of the two sex chromosomes that determine a mammal's sex. (lifesitenews.com)
During differentiation the expression of stem cell specific genes and markers are often lost and cells acquire gene expression profiles of somatic cells or their precursors. (justia.com)
Generally, when a stem cell culture is induced to differentiate, the differentiated population is analysed for particular cell types by expression of genes, markers or phenotypic analysis. (justia.com)
Methods of inducing differentiation in stem cells and muscle cells produced therefrom may be used for the study of cellular and molecular biology of tissue development, for the discovery of genes and proteins such as differentiation factors that play a role in tissue development and regeneration. (justia.com)
The development of gene cloning, through recombinant DNA techniques and rapid DNA sequencing, has made it possible in recent years not only to discover and record how genes are put together but to manipulate the stuff of life itself-achievements which could not be imagined even a decade ago. (newstimenow.com)

General Assembly the following year,3 and the World Medical Association's Resolution on Cloning, endorsed in 1997, have confronted the issue but lack binding legal force. (who.int)
Polly, born in 1997, was the first genetically modified cloned mammal. (yahoo.com)

The Ethical Debate Concerning Cloning In the year that has elapsed since the announcement of Dolly's birth, there has been much discussion of the ethical implications of cloning humans. (bartleby.com)
However, the idea of cloning humans is a highly charged topic. (bartleby.com)
Those fears led President Clinton to ban the use of federal funds for cloning humans. (retroreport.org)
Cuddle Clones strives to create a unique, personal experience with their products, catering to the emotional bond between humans and their beloved pets. (liquidimageco.com)
We are evaluating the possibility that loss of IRP2 in humans may cause mild refractory anemia and adult-onset neurodegeneration characterized by limb weakness, which might be diagnosed as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in humans. (nih.gov)
Humans and other mammals may produce natural clones, commonly referred to as identical twins. (geminigenetics.com)
Can humans clone? (pooginook.com)

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a type of cloning that has to be done in a lab. (bartleby.com)
In SCNT they take the nucleolus out of an egg cell, replace it with the nucleolus of a somatic cell (body cell with two complete sets of chromosomes), and make the egg cell divide into a blastocyst ("What Is Cloning? (bartleby.com)
The second position is that of those who believe that the human zygote obtained by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) (cloning) is a different biological entity to the zygote obtained naturally (see our ethical assessment HERE ). (bioethicsobservatory.org)
Successful somatic-cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) depends on the quality, availability and maturation of the animal's unfertilized oocytes. (nature.com)
For SCNT, the chromosomes of the unfertilized canine oocytes were removed by micromanipulation, and a single donor cell was transferred into each enucleated oocyte. (nature.com)

A third view says that cloning will provide for the possibility of improvement by giving birth to children who are free of birth defects, because when any two people create a child through sex there is the possibility for genetic defects. (bartleby.com)
However, since clones are the exact replicas of someone already alive, their genetic dispositions will have already surfaced. (bartleby.com)
The cells are being studied to be used as clinical therapies, models of genetic disorders, and cellular/DNA repair. (wikipedia.org)
Giving adults the opportunity to have what has been called the "ultimate 'single-parent child'" would contribute to the commodification of children, and would withhold from children the possibility of a relationship with both a genetic mother and father. (thenewatlantis.com)
This form of genetic engineering would deny the children it produces an open future, burdening them with the expectation that they will be like the individuals from whom they were cloned. (thenewatlantis.com)
And cloning could make possible still more dramatic forms of genetic engineering. (thenewatlantis.com)
In 1962 he made the stunning observation that it was possible to take a differentiated adult cell from a frog and to re-set its genetic program so that the reprogrammed nucleus could be implanted in an enucleated egg and direct the development of tadpoles. (brandeis.edu)
They repeated the process - this time starting with the genetic material extracted from the skin cells of a much older man. (usf.edu)
This innovative breakthrough opened new doors in cloning technology and genetic research. (biotecnika.org)
These cells held the potential to treat various genetic and degenerative diseases by aiding the body in repairing damaged tissue. (biotecnika.org)
There he continued his research on the cloning and genetic modification of livestock. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Most natural cloning occurs in those species that produce their descendants asexually, that is, without combining the male and female genetic material. (who.int)
if it implants and the pregnancy goes to term, the resulting individual will carry the same nuclear genetic material as the donor of the adult somatic cell. (who.int)
However, an animal created through this technique would not be a precise genetic copy of the source of its nuclear DNA because each clone derives a small amount of its DNA from the mitochondria of the egg (which lie outside the nucleus) rather than from the donor of cell nucleus. (who.int)
In theory, this makes human cloning more realistic given the genetic similarities between monkeys and our own species. (engadget.com)
A clone is a copy of a substance that shares the same genetic make-up as the original. (geminigenetics.com)
After being free from human interference and the addition of new cattle for over 1000 years, this UK Native breed are considered so genetically similar that they are in fact, genetic clones of each other. (geminigenetics.com)
The process of reproductive cloning involves the nucleus of a somatic (body) cell from a donor organism to be cloned being transferred into an egg cell whose nucleus (genetic material) has been removed. (geminigenetics.com)
The DNA within the skin sample is cultured and inserted into a donor egg cell whose nucleus (genetic material) has been removed. (geminigenetics.com)
The surrogate mum carries the cloned pet for the gestation period and once ready, gives birth to the clone who will be an identical genetic twin to the original pet whose skin sample was used to make the nucleus of the donor egg cell. (geminigenetics.com)

Although the latest scientific work related to cloning has been focused on potential medical applications, much of that research is relevant to the creation of cloned children. (thenewatlantis.com)
Some prohibit only cloning for reproductive purposes and allow the creation of cloned human embryos for research, whereas others prohibit the creation of cloned embryos for any purpose. (who.int)

However, following the successful derivation of human embryonic stem cells in 1998, the debate over human cloning largely shifted to the question of whether it is acceptable for scientists to create human embryos only to destroy them. (thenewatlantis.com)
How scientists created the first clone of an adult mammal. (retroreport.org)
So ideally scientists would like to be able to extract DNA from the cells of older people - not just cells from infants - to create therapies for adult diseases. (usf.edu)
In principle, scientists could produce a series of cell lines that would allow a close match for the majority of would-be cell recipients - just as transplant surgeons currently seek a close match for organ donors. (usf.edu)

Thus, the clone would be genetically identical to the nucleus donor only if the egg came from the same donor or from her maternal line. (who.int)
Beyond this scientific interest, the commercial concern in animal cloning focuses on replicating large numbers of genetically identical animals, especially those derived from a progenitor that has been modified genetically. (who.int)
We tested whether the cloned dogs were genetically identical by microsatellite analysis of genomic DNA from the donor Afghan, the cloned dogs and the surrogates (see supplementary information ). (nature.com)
Analysis of eight canine-specific microsatellite loci confirmed that the cloned dogs were genetically identical to their donor dog. (nature.com)
The word "cloning" refers to a variety of procedures that may be used to create biological copies that are genetically identical to the original. (geminigenetics.com)
Asexual reproduction is a natural method used by certain plants, bacteria, and single-celled creatures to create genetically identical offspring, i.e. clones. (geminigenetics.com)
This is the most known form of cloning and involves creating a genetically identical replica of a whole organism. (geminigenetics.com)
Pet cloning is the process where a genetically identical twin is created of your original animal companion. (geminigenetics.com)

The Threat of Human Cloning concludes by calling for laws prohibiting both human cloning and the creation of embryos for research. (thenewatlantis.com)

We were the first to link Wnt signaling with adult stem cell biology, when we showed that TCF4 gene disruption leads to the abolition of crypts of the small intestine (8), and that TCF1 gene knockout severely disables the stem cell compartment of the thymus (2). (hubrecht.eu)
The Tcf4-driven target gene program in colorectal cancer cells is the malignant counterpart of a physiological gene program in selfrenewing crypts (13, 14). (hubrecht.eu)
The Wnt target gene encoding the transcription factor Achaete scute-like 2 controls intestinal stem cell state (26). (hubrecht.eu)
Topics covered will include cell membrane structure and function, metabolism, cell motility and division, genome structure and replication, the regulation of gene expression and protein production, genotype to phenotype relationship, and basic principles of inheritance. (middlebury.edu)
On e of the wardens protecting these animals in Chillingham Cattle Park, Denene Crossley, states how "being isolated, they've managed to essentially purify their gene pool, to the point where they're natural clones of each other. (geminigenetics.com)
Molecular cloning refers to the production of multiple copies of a DNA fragment or gene. (geminigenetics.com)
Gene cloning refers to the identification and duplication of a single gene or a DNA segment, for the intention of investigating its function or creating a particular protein. (geminigenetics.com)
One of the few antigens against which mammals develop protective immunity is the highly polymorphic OspC protein, encoded by the ospC gene on the cp26 plasmid. (cdc.gov)

Dr. Irving L. Weissman is professor of pathology and developmental biology at the Stanford University School of Medicine , where he is director of the Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine. (brandeis.edu)
Nuclear transfer is one of the most sophisticated, fickle, and challenging techniques in cell biology. (rupress.org)
The reason I then was drawn into epigenetics and stem cell biology was a lecture at the IMP by Rudolf Jaenisch. (rupress.org)
In mammals, physiological Wnt signaling is intimately involved with the biology of adult stem cells and self-renewing tissues (18,19). (hubrecht.eu)
To take human organ generation via BC and transplantation to the next step, we reviewed current emerging organ generation technologies and the associated efficiency of chimera formation in human cells from the standpoint of developmental biology. (frontiersin.org)
Ten decades of spectacular discoveries in biology have shown us that life can arise only from life, that the nucleus governs the cell through the molecular mechanism of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and that the amount of DNA and its structure determine not only the nature of the species but also the characteristics of individuals. (newstimenow.com)

The Organoid group, previously Clevers group, studies the molecular mechanisms of tissue development and cancer of various organs using organoids made from adult Lgr5 stem cells. (hubrecht.eu)
In APC-deficient colon carcinoma cells, we demonstrated that ß-catenin accumulates and is constitutively complexed with the TCF family member TCF4, providing a molecular explanation for the initiation of colon cancer (5). (hubrecht.eu)
However, the molecular pathways that lead to specification and terminal differentiation of specific cell types, such as myocytes, from embryonic stem cells during development are not entirely clear. (justia.com)

As the first animal cloned from an adult cell, Dolly's birth was a scientific accomplishment that was compared to putting a man on the moon. (retroreport.org)
Several decades before Dolly's birth, what other animal had been cloned? (retroreport.org)
Why was Dolly's arrival such an important breakthrough in cloning? (retroreport.org)
Dolly's birth set off a huge outpouring of ethical concern - along with hope that the same techniques, applied to human cells, could be used to treat myriad diseases. (usf.edu)

Human embryos reach the blastocyst stage 4-5 days post fertilization, at which time they consist of 50-150 cells. (wikipedia.org)
Isolating the inner cell mass (embryoblast) using immunosurgery results in destruction of the blastocyst, a process which raises ethical issues, including whether or not embryos at the pre-implantation stage have the same moral considerations as embryos in the post-implantation stage of development. (wikipedia.org)
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs), derived from the blastocyst stage of early mammalian embryos, are distinguished by their ability to differentiate into any embryonic cell type and by their ability to self-renew. (wikipedia.org)

According to a 2002 article in PNAS, "Human embryonic stem cells have the potential to differentiate into various cell types, and, thus, may be useful as a source of cells for transplantation or tissue engineering. (wikipedia.org)
PARIS, May 27, 2002 (LSN.ca) - Cloned fetuses are almost certain to miscarry, and the few that do come to term are likely to suffer crippling abnormalities, according to the latest experiments on cows and other animals reports the journal Nature Genetics. (lifesitenews.com)
On Dec. 27, 2002, Brigitte Boisselier held a press conference in Florida, announcing the birth of the first human clone, called Eve. (pooginook.com)

Due to their plasticity and potentially unlimited capacity for self-renewal, embryonic stem cell therapies have been proposed for regenerative medicine and tissue replacement after injury or disease. (wikipedia.org)
The Catholic Church has always held that stem-cell research and therapies are morally acceptable, as long as they don't involve the creation and destruction of human embryos. (archstl.org)
The Church also supports research and therapies using adult stem cells, which are cells that come from any person who has been born - including umbilical cord blood, bone marrow, skin and other organs. (archstl.org)
They had been working for years to find a process to use clone cells in developing drugs and therapies to fight deadly diseases. (retroreport.org)
The use of various types of stem cells for research purposes to make disease "models" in the lab for regenerative medicine and for "therapies" to cure sick patients for diseases is constantly in the news. (lifeissues.net)

Drs. John B. Gurdon, Irving L. Weissman, and Shinya Yamanaka have been pioneers in studying stem cells and the reprogramming of highly differentiated adult cells into pluripotent cells capable of directing differentiation from a single cell to an adult animal. (brandeis.edu)
2017). MMP-2 and MMP-14 Silencing Inhibits VEGFR2 Cleavage and Induces the Differentiation of Porcine Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Endothelial Cells. (sciendo.com)
Osteogenic proliferation and differentiation of canine bone marrow and adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stromal cells and the influence of hypoxia. (sciendo.com)
Transferring a terminally differentiated cell nucleus into an egg cell that has had its own nucleus removed wipes away the epigenetic marks of differentiation and allows the nucleus once again to code for any cell type. (rupress.org)
Professor Campbell was a cell biologist/embryologist with a research career spanning more than 30 years, the majority of which was in the field of cell growth and differentiation. (nottingham.ac.uk)
His pioneering studies into cell-cycle control and cellular differentiation led to the programme of work at Roslin that gave birth to the first mammal to be cloned from adult cells - ie. (nottingham.ac.uk)
The modification has been shown to be critical to cell differentiation, animal development, and a range of biological signaling and stress response. (chicagobiomedicalconsortium.org)
Cellular RNA methylation level can have profound impacts on normal cell differentiation and cancer cell proliferation. (chicagobiomedicalconsortium.org)
The present invention relates to methods of inducing differentiation of stem cells. (justia.com)
In particular, the invention relates to methods of inducing differentiation of embryonic stem cells into muscle cells or vascular endothelial cells. (justia.com)
The process of differentiation in stem cells involves selective development of immature cells to committed and fully mature cells of various lineages. (justia.com)
Differentiation of stem cells is known be triggered by various growth factors and regulatory molecules. (justia.com)
Placing the cells under conditions which induce specific cell types has been one form of an attempt to regulate the differentiation outcome. (justia.com)
These conditions include growing the cells to high or low density, changing media, introducing or removing cytokines, hormones and growth factors, creating an environment which suits differentiation toward a specific cell type, such as providing a suitable substrate. (justia.com)
Therefore there remains a need for providing effective methods of inducing differentiation of stem cells into specific cell types, such as myocytes or endothelial cells. (justia.com)
culturing a stem cell in the presence of an embryonic cell and/or extracellular medium of an embryonic cell, under conditions that induce differentiation of the stem cell. (justia.com)

On the other hand, if a person's body can regenerate new insulin producing beta cells (as many researchers now believe), then this cure could work on established diabetics, too. (blogspot.com)

In addition to their potential in regenerative medicine, embryonic stem cells provide a possible alternative source of tissue/organs which serves as a possible solution to the donor shortage dilemma. (wikipedia.org)
However, though BC is emerging as a potential organ transplant option, challenges regarding organ size scalability, immune system incompatibilities, long-term maintenance, potential evolutionary distance, or unveiled mechanisms between donor and host cells remain. (frontiersin.org)
Donor fibroblasts were obtained from an ear-skin biopsy of a male Afghan hound and cultured for two to five passages (in which fully grown cells are transferred to a new culture dish). (nature.com)

Although the simple use of the word 'clone' may have negative connotations, many people have resigned themselves to the idea of cloning cows that produce more milk or using a cloned mouse for use in controlled experimentation. (bartleby.com)

7. "[footnote 16]: The cloning procedure supplies the oocyte with a complete set of chromosomes, all of which are contained in the nucleus which is transferred into the denucleated oocyte. (lifeissues.net)
The nucleus of an adult somatic cell (such as a skin cell) is removed and transferred to an enucleated egg, which is then stimulated with electric current or chemicals to activate cell division. (who.int)
The breakthrough technique involved transferring the nucleus of an adult cell into an unfertilized egg whose own nucleus had been removed. (worldtimetodays.com)
Our goals in studying mammalian iron-sulfur biogenesis are to understand how iron-sulfur prosthetic groups are assembled and delivered to target proteins in the various compartments of mammalian cells, including mitochondria, cytosol, and nucleus. (nih.gov)

On the other hand, a chimera is defined as an organism in which cells from two or more different organisms have contributed. (frontiersin.org)
Internal signals producing apoptosis depend on interactions of several proteins and may serve to protect the organism from cancer by killing cells that have pre-cancerous changes. (agemed.org)
A new organism is created by asexual reproduction using a duplicate of a single cell from the parent organism. (geminigenetics.com)

If research cloning is not stopped now, we face the prospect of the mass farming of human embryos and fetuses, and the transformation of the noble enterprise of biomedical research into a grotesque system of exploitation and death. (thenewatlantis.com)
Whether or not you mind cloning based on fetuses, the process currently requires many failures to get to the intended results. (engadget.com)

Several authors have attempted to outline some of the ethical objections to cloning while at the same time minimizing the role religion plays in this debate. (bartleby.com)
The report offers an ethical and policy analysis, articulating what makes cloning morally repugnant and calling for the practice to be definitively prohibited in the United States. (thenewatlantis.com)
How did the Japanese scientist Shinya Yamanaka sidestep the ethical issues surrounding the use of human embryos in stem cell research? (retroreport.org)
It triggered discussions about the ethical implications of cloning technology. (biotecnika.org)
The scientifically groundbreaking announcement also set off a media firestorm as experts and casual observers wrestled with lab-made mammals' ethical implications. (yahoo.com)

IREs are RNA stem-loops found in the 5′ end of ferritin mRNA and the 3′ end of transferrin receptor mRNA. (nih.gov)
This base modification is present on average in ~3 sites of every mRNA in mammals. (chicagobiomedicalconsortium.org)

A type of cloning that occurs naturally is when identical twins are born ("What Is Cloning? (bartleby.com)
However, if the body naturally regenerates these cells, it may turn out not to matter so much. (blogspot.com)
There are also naturally occurring clones among animal populations. (geminigenetics.com)
As well as their distinctive white markings and long curved horns, these cattle are special because they are now considered a herd of naturally occurring clones. (geminigenetics.com)

In tissue engineering, the use of stem cells are known to be of importance. (wikipedia.org)
Equine mesenchymal stem cells from bonemarrow, adipose tissue and umbilical cord:immunophenotypic characterization anddifferentiation potential. (sciendo.com)
These cells represent the epithelial stem cells of the small intestine and colon (23), the hair follicle (24), the stomach (28) and many other tissue stem cell types. (hubrecht.eu)
ZO-2 and ZO-3 are ubiquitously expressed within epithelial tight junctions, and unlike ZO-1, which is also expressed at cell junctions of cardiac myocytes, ZO-2 is not expressed in nonepithelial tissue. (thermofisher.com)

As of 2021, the FDA has yet to approve foods from cloned animals to be sold and cloned meat is not available for purchase in the US. (liquidimageco.com)

Depicts a single human stem cell embedded within a porous hydrogel matrix (false colour). (progress.org.uk)

Church proposed to use DNA from extinct species to clone and breed new organisms from those species. (asu.edu)
Aging is a physical process that doesn't normally reveal itself until after the completion of a species-specific interval of reproductive competence during which adults rear their progeny from childhood to independence (See Life History ). (agemed.org)

Immunoselected STRO-3+ mesenchymal precursor cells reduce inflammation and improve clinical outcomes in a large animal model of monoarthritis. (sciendo.com)
The book is separated into three chapters covering biotechnology, animal cloning and human cloning. (progress.org.uk)
I asked whether a terminally differentiated cell is still amenable to reprogramming and able to give rise to a cloned animal. (rupress.org)
The manufacturer, Cuddle Clones LLC, sources their materials and creates each stuffed animal domestically in their studio located in Louisville, Kentucky. (liquidimageco.com)
The company employs a staff of experienced seamstresses and uses top-of-the-line materials to craft high-quality stuffed animal clones from their customer's photographs. (liquidimageco.com)
Many customers find comfort in having a special connection to their pet through a cuddle clone of their beloved animal, which cannot be replaced. (liquidimageco.com)
Since animal cloning technology is still new and somewhat controversial, the FDA opted to continue its evaluation of the technology and determine the best regulatory framework for it. (liquidimageco.com)
Her birth proved that specialised cells could be used to create an exact copy of the animal they came from. (pooginook.com)

We aim to understand how mammals regulate intracellular and systemic iron metabolism. (nih.gov)
The Goodell Lab focuses on the basic mechanisms that regulate hematopoietic stem (HSC) cells, and how their mis-regulation leads to leukemia development. (chicagobiomedicalconsortium.org)
George D. Snell of The Jackson Laboratory won the 1980 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for "discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions. (jax.org)

It was thought that mammalian cells might be refractory to cloning. (rupress.org)

2018). Development of bovine embryos in vitro in coculture with murine mesenchymal stem clls and embryonic fibroblasts. (sciendo.com)
Lgr5 resides in Wnt receptor complexes and mediates signaling of the Wnt-agonistic R-spondins (31), explaining the unique dependence of Lgr5 stem cells on secreted R-spondins in vivo and in vitro. (hubrecht.eu)
The induction of a specific differentiated cell type can be useful for transplantation or drug screening and drug discovery in vitro. (justia.com)

Cloning-for-biomedical-research is also profoundly unethical, as it turns human reproduction into a manufacturing process in the most literal sense: human embryos are created to serve as raw materials for the production of biomedical research supplies. (thenewatlantis.com)
Cloning-for-biomedical-research also endangers the health and safety of the women called on to undergo dangerous hormone treatments to serve as egg donors. (thenewatlantis.com)
A decade later, cloning came to the forefront in Missouri with the narrow passage of Amendment 2, a ballot initiative in 2006 that constitutionally protects embryonic stem-cell research and human cloning. (archstl.org)
The 2009 Rosenstiel Award for Distinguished Work in Basic Medical Science will be awarded to three pioneers in stem cell research. (brandeis.edu)
and stem cell research, written about by the Irish Council for Bioethics and the Telegraph among others. (progress.org.uk)
implemented restrictions on human cloning experiments but did not entirely ban cloning research. (biotecnika.org)
His pioneering work in cloning and stem cell research has laid the foundation for medical advancements that could revolutionize healthcare. (biotecnika.org)
Her birth stimulated the science community to learn more about stem-cell research which has lead to many scientific and medical breakthroughs. (womenofageridinghorses.com)
So when I was recently contacted by an earnest and amiable member of a local school board who was concerned about the questionable manner in which the issue of "stem cell" research - both human embryonic and adult - was presented to the high school students in his district in a currently-used science textbook, I agreed to evaluate that section in the text for him. (lifeissues.net)
My edited analysis of the section on "stem cell research" in this science textbook is copied below. (lifeissues.net)
In my opinion there is no question but that the scientific information on stem cell research included in this science text book being used in Illinois schools incorporates some inaccurate scientific facts, and seems to be very partial to the use of human embryonic "stem cell" research. (lifeissues.net)
Some discussion of stem cell research issues. (blogspot.com)
This work uses stem cells, and it is being done in Brazil, even though it is based on research done in the US. (blogspot.com)

Since the term "born" has been used as an essential part of the definition of " reproductive cloning " used by Weissman, the National Academy of Sciences, etc., then it is critical to use the accurate term with the proper meaning. (lifeissues.net)

J Cell Biol (2007) 178 (7): 1098-1099. (rupress.org)

This kind of cloning is today being performed at several scientific labs in the United States, despite the availability of alternative techniques that produce cells of nearly the same scientific and medical value but that require neither the creation nor destruction of human embryos. (thenewatlantis.com)

Goodell reported that PPM1D mutations confer a survival advantage onto hematopoietic clones by rendering them resistant to DNA-damaging agents such as cisplatin, a cytotoxic chemotherapeutic. (chicagobiomedicalconsortium.org)

In 1988 he first identified and isolated the blood-forming stem cells from mice and went on to define the stages of development between the stem cells and differentiated cells of the immune system. (brandeis.edu)
To approach questions about the physiology of iron metabolism, we generated loss-of-function mutations of IRP1 and IRP2 in mice through homologous recombination in embryonic cell lines. (nih.gov)
The adult-onset neurodegeneration of adult IRP2 −/− mice is exacerbated when one copy of IRP1 is also deleted. (nih.gov)
The strain is now valued as a source of embryonic stem cells for making knockout mice. (jax.org)
As a follow up to this study, Natoli said he is interested in injecting mice with bone stem cells with an antioxidant that combats oxidative stress called NAc, to see if that speeds up the healing process for mice exposed to alcohol. (livescience.com)

Adipose stem cells in reparative goat mastitis mammary gland. (sciendo.com)

Despite initial concerns about the ethics surrounding cloning, many of these concerns have not materialized. (biotecnika.org)

Polly was Wilmut's last cloning experiment. (yahoo.com)

Comparison of human mesenchymal stromal cells from four neonatal tissues: Amniotic membrane, chorionic membrane, placental decidua and umbilical cord. (sciendo.com)
These epithelial organoid cultures are genetically and phenotypically extremely stable, allowing transplantation of the cultured offspring of a single stem cell, as well as disease modeling by growing organoids directly from diseased patient tissues (32, 47, 53). (hubrecht.eu)

Pluripotency distinguishes embryonic stem cells from adult stem cells, which are multipotent and can only produce a limited number of cell types. (wikipedia.org)
Lgr6 marks multipotent skin stem cells (29). (hubrecht.eu)

Unlike some movies, cloning in real life doesn't produce a full grown exact replica of someone. (bartleby.com)
Unlike other mammals, dogs ovulate at first meiotic prophase, and their oocytes mature for 2 to 3 days in the oviduct's distal regions. (nature.com)
IRP2 also binds to IREs in iron-depleted cells, but, unlike IRP1, is degraded in iron-replete cells. (nih.gov)

I was really fascinated by the data he presented on the role of epigenetics in cloning and reprogramming. (rupress.org)

Anatomy52

Organisms21

Diseases7

Chemicals and Drugs51

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment60

Phenomena and Processes64

Disciplines and Occupations4

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science4

Named Groups1

Health Care1

Dolly48

Embryo27

Wilmut3

Sheep13

Successfully3

Pluripotent stem5

19962

Therapeutic11

Genes18

19972

Humans7

SCNT5

Genetic20

Creation of cloned2

Scientists4

Genetically identical8

Embryos for research1

Gene8

Biology6

Molecular3

Dolly's4

Blastocyst3

20023

Therapies5

Differentiation16

Researchers1

Donor3

Cows1

Nucleus4

Organism3

Fetuses2

Ethical5

MRNA2

Naturally4

Tissue4

20211

Human stem cell1

Species2

Animal8

Regulate3

Refractory1

Vitro3

Research13

Weissman1

Biol1

Destruction of human1

Hematopoietic1

Mice5

Mammary gland1

Ethics1

Wilmut's1

Tissues2

Multipotent2

Unlike3

Epigenetics1