• It is a highly heterogeneous group of hematological disorders that results from the acquisition of chromosomal aberrations and somatic mutations. (waocp.com)
  • GCT is characterized genetically by highly recurrent somatic mutations at the G34 position of the H3F3A gene, encoding the histone variant H3.3, in stromal cells. (medscape.com)
  • DNMT3A is a critical regulator of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) differentiation and somatic DNMT3A mutations are frequent in hematologic malignancies and clonal hematopoiesis. (haematologica.org)
  • Deeper understanding of the pathobiology of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has led to the development of small molecules that target genetic mutations known to play critical roles in the progression to metastatic disease. (medscape.com)
  • [ 4 ] Further investigation demonstrated that the highest response rates to these TKIs were seen in patients with somatic mutations within the EGFR-TK domain, particularly exon 19 deletion, exon 21 L858R, and exon 18 G719X. (medscape.com)
  • Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders unified by the presence of distinct mutations of hematopoietic stem cells, most frequently in genes involved in RNA splicing. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Risk increases with age due to the acquisition of somatic mutations that can promote clonal expansion and dominance of a particular hematopoietic stem cell, and possibly due to exposure to environmental toxins such as benzene, radiation, and chemotherapeutic agents (particularly long or intense regimens and those involving alkylating agents, hydroxyurea, and/or topoisomerase inhibitors). (msdmanuals.com)
  • This change in gene activity blocks the maturation (differentiation) of blood cells and leads to the production of abnormal, immature white blood cells called myeloid blasts. (medlineplus.gov)
  • For infertile males, scRNA-seq studies revealed profound changes of testes, such as the increased proportion of immature SC/LC of Klinefelter syndrome, the somatic immaturity and altered germline autophagy of patients with non-obstructive azoospermia, and the repressed differentiation of SSC in trans-females receiving testosterone inhibition therapy. (ijbs.com)
  • In this Review, we briefly outline the roles that follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone play in regulating spermatogenesis and describe our current understanding of how vitamin A regulates germ cell differentiation and how it may lead to the generation of both the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium and the spermatogenic wave. (jci.org)
  • and the unique differentiation of haploid cells (spermiogenesis) (Figure 1 ). (jci.org)
  • hCG was insufficient to facilitate Leydig cell differentiation, restore steroidogenesis and improve sperm yield. (elifesciences.org)
  • The evidence that the culture of testicular fragments of 6.5-day-old mouse testes does not allow optimal differentiation of steroidogenic cells is compelling and should enable further optimizations in the future. (elifesciences.org)
  • These abnormalities lead to the accumulation of myeloid precursor cells arrested at early stages of the maturation and differentiation process (myeblasts) [4-5]. (waocp.com)
  • Neural stem cells (NSCs) are undifferentiated neural cells with the capacity for long-term self-renewal and for differentiation into all types of neuronal and glial cells. (sanbio.nl)
  • Until now we've relied on studies in mice to understand human germ cell differentiation, but the reproductive genes are not the same. (sciencedaily.com)
  • When treated in this manner, about 2 percent of the differentiated human embryonic stem cells were haploid after 14 days of differentiation. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Differentiation -The process whereby an unspecialized early embryonic cell acquires the features of a specialized cell such as a heart, liver, or muscle cell. (cellmedicine.com)
  • Directed differentiation -Manipulating stem cell culture conditions to induce differentiation into a particular cell type. (cellmedicine.com)
  • Embryonic stem cell line -Embryonic stem cells, which have been cultured under in vitro conditions that allow proliferation without differentiation for months to years. (cellmedicine.com)
  • Ideally, iPSC-based therapies in the future will rely on the isolation of skin fibroblasts or keratinocytes, their reprogramming into iPSCs, and the correction of the genetic defect followed by differentiation into the desired cell type and transplantation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We demonstrate here that R246S mutant p53 exhibits DN effects with respect to target gene expression, cell survival and cell cycle arrest both in cells that are in the undifferentiated state and upon differentiation. (silverchair.com)
  • The present invention relates to methods of inducing differentiation of stem cells. (justia.com)
  • In particular, the invention relates to methods of inducing differentiation of embryonic stem cells into muscle cells or vascular endothelial cells. (justia.com)
  • The process of differentiation in stem cells involves selective development of immature cells to committed and fully mature cells of various lineages. (justia.com)
  • Differentiation of stem cells is known be triggered by various growth factors and regulatory molecules. (justia.com)
  • During differentiation the expression of stem cell specific genes and markers are often lost and cells acquire gene expression profiles of somatic cells or their precursors. (justia.com)
  • Whilst differentiation of some lineage specific stem cells can be induced with a degree of certainty, a differentiation outcome of a population of pluripotent stem cells is less predictable. (justia.com)
  • Placing the cells under conditions which induce specific cell types has been one form of an attempt to regulate the differentiation outcome. (justia.com)
  • These conditions include growing the cells to high or low density, changing media, introducing or removing cytokines, hormones and growth factors, creating an environment which suits differentiation toward a specific cell type, such as providing a suitable substrate. (justia.com)
  • Methods of inducing differentiation in stem cells and muscle cells produced therefrom may be used for the study of cellular and molecular biology of tissue development, for the discovery of genes and proteins such as differentiation factors that play a role in tissue development and regeneration. (justia.com)
  • The induction of cardiomyocyte differentiation in stem cells is especially useful in developing therapeutic methods and products for heart disease and abnormal heart conditions. (justia.com)
  • However, the molecular pathways that lead to specification and terminal differentiation of specific cell types, such as myocytes, from embryonic stem cells during development are not entirely clear. (justia.com)
  • Therefore there remains a need for providing effective methods of inducing differentiation of stem cells into specific cell types, such as myocytes or endothelial cells. (justia.com)
  • culturing a stem cell in the presence of an embryonic cell and/or extracellular medium of an embryonic cell, under conditions that induce differentiation of the stem cell. (justia.com)
  • The basic and common immunologic defect in common variable immunodeficiency is a failure of B-lymphocyte differentiation into plasma cells that produce the various immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes. (medscape.com)
  • These studies described failure of B-cell differentiation because of altered B-cell surface-molecule expression. (medscape.com)
  • These molecular defects interfere with lymphocyte development and function, blocking the differentiation and proliferation of T cells and, in some types, of B cells and NK cells. (medscape.com)
  • Thus, the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) based direct reprogramming of somatic cells into neuroblasts would represent a potential tool to understand the regenerative biology of the adult brain. (bvsalud.org)
  • Therefore, this concise article discusses the significance of iPSCs, the functional roles of neuroblasts in the adult brain and provides a research hypothesis for the direct reprogramming of somatic cells into neuroblasts through the co-induction of a potential proneurogenic marker, the doublecortin (DCX) gene along with the Yamanaka factors. (bvsalud.org)
  • NPCs can additionally be obtained by direct reprogramming of somatic cells from different cell lineage (PMID: 22445518). (sanbio.nl)
  • Alternatively, if immature precursors of BAT are already present in WAT, these can differentiate into mature brown adipocytes. (news-medical.net)
  • What are neural stem cells (NSCs), neural progenitors, and neural precursors (NPCs)? (sanbio.nl)
  • Researchers at the school have devised a way to efficiently coax the cells to become human germ cells -- the precursors of egg and sperm cells -- in the laboratory. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In most patients, giant cell tumors have an indolent course, but they can recur locally in as many as 50% of cases. (medscape.com)
  • Giant cell tumors usually occur de novo but may also occur as a rare complication of Paget disease of bone. (medscape.com)
  • [ 6 ] The radiographic appearance of giant cell tumors is often characteristic. (medscape.com)
  • On radiographs, typical giant cell tumors are usually easily distinguished from other bone tumors. (medscape.com)
  • In the spine, the degree of diagnostic confidence is not high, as giant cell tumors usually cannot be differentiated from other types of tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Uptake in giant cell tumors is usually diffuse in all phases. (medscape.com)
  • Bone scanning is not usually required in the evaluation of a giant cell tumor, except for the rare case in which multicentric giant cell tumors are suspected. (medscape.com)
  • [ 14 , 17 ] ​Giant cell tumors cannot be confidently differentiated from other tumors and diseases by using bone scans alone. (medscape.com)
  • Radiologic features of giant cell tumors are demonstrated in the images below. (medscape.com)
  • Most giant cell tumors occur in the long bones (see the images below), and almost all are located at the articular end of the bone. (medscape.com)
  • Common sites include the proximal tibia, distal femur, distal radius, and proximal humerus, although giant cell tumors have also been reported to occur in the pubic bone, calcaneus, and feet. (medscape.com)
  • Most of the testicular cancers arise from germinal cell tumors and spread rapidly. (planetayurveda.net)
  • These germ cell tumors are divided into seminomas and nonseminomas. (planetayurveda.net)
  • The mixed cell tumors are treated as nonseminomas as they grow and multiply like nonseminomas. (planetayurveda.net)
  • These Cells are generally involved in 40% of testicular tumors. (planetayurveda.net)
  • Deletion of Lats1 results in low neonate survival and ovarian stromal tumors in surviving adults, but the effects of Lats1 on early follicular development are not understood. (appliedbioinfo.com)
  • Finally, elevation of serum AMH above normal male prepubertal levels may be indicative of rare cases of sex-cord stromal tumors or Sertoli cell-limited disturbance in the McCune Albright syndrome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These germ cell tumors are rare, accounting for only about 2% of all germ cell tumors in men. (ejournals.ca)
  • These tumors are often located in the anterior mediastinum and occur in adult males with a peak incidence between 20-40 years. (ejournals.ca)
  • The ovaries consist of different types of tissue ( epithelial , germ cells, and sex cord tissue), which may give rise to benign or malignant tumors . (amboss.com)
  • Although bi-directional communication between microglia and neuronal progenitors or immature neurons has been demonstrated, the main sites of interaction and the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • By using advanced methods, here we provide evidence that microglial processes form specialized contacts with the cell bodies of developing neurons throughout embryonic, early postnatal, and adult neurogenesis. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • We propose that early developmental formation of somatic purinergic junctions represents an important interface for microglia to monitor the status of immature neurons and control neurodevelopment. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • Figure 3) or PSA-NCAM are markers frequently used for intermediate progenitor cells and early immature neurons (PMID: 29625071). (sanbio.nl)
  • Cell assemblies and central pattern generators (CPGs) are related types of neuronal networks: both consist of interacting groups of neurons whose collective activities lead to defined functional outputs. (degruyter.com)
  • It is likely that constituent neurons in a cell assembly can be spread over large territories, intermixed with many other neurons ( Wallace and Kerr, 2010 ). (degruyter.com)
  • Immature teratoma is the malignant counterpart of the mature teratoma and contains immature tissues which typically show primitive or embryonal neuroectodermal histopathology. (wikipedia.org)
  • The organotypic culture procedure, which preserves testicular tissue architecture, microenvironment and cell interactions, has been used successfully to obtain spermatozoa from fresh or frozen/thawed mouse prepubertal testicular tissues ( 3 - 6 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • Alternatively, NPCs can be isolated from fresh nervous tissues using cell sorting with NPC markers (PMID: 11121071). (sanbio.nl)
  • Scientists are discovering that many tissues and organs contain a small number of adult stem cells that help maintain them. (howtoaccess.com)
  • Astrocyte -One of the large neuroglia cells of neural tissues. (cellmedicine.com)
  • Cell-based therapies -treatment in which stem cells are induced to differentiate into the specific cell type required to repair damaged or depleted adult cell populations or tissues. (cellmedicine.com)
  • In addition, as the genetic identity of the donor egg from which the ESCs are derived most likely will differ from that of potential recipients, patients who receive ESC-derived cells or tissues may face the same complications that result from organ transplantation (for example, immunorejection, graft-versus-host disease, and need for immunosuppression). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although tardigrades are sometimes reported as eutelic animals, mitosis has been reported in several somatic tissues of adult eutardigrades. (researchgate.net)
  • One aspect to this project will be to source oocytes, or immature egg cells to generate SCNT embryos from which embryonic stem cells are harvested. (medicalxpress.com)
  • The NSW project team, led by Professor Bernie Tuch, will investigate another method of obtaining oocytes - from consenting adult cancer patients who have had their ovaries removed. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Interestingly, YAP1 was predominantly cytoplasmic, while WWTR1 was nuclear in oocytes and somatic cells. (appliedbioinfo.com)
  • Kinex antibody microarray analyses was used to investigate the regulation of 188 protein kinases, 24 protein phosphatases, and 170 other regulatory proteins during meiotic maturation of immature germinal vesicle (GV+) pig oocytes to maturing oocytes that had completed meiosis I (MI), and fully mature oocytes arrested at metaphase of meiosis II (MII). (appliedbioinfo.com)
  • We present data on the occurrence of mitosis in storage cells of the eutardigrade Richtersius coronifer (Richters, 1903), and analyse mitotic cells in relation to different body characteristics, including egg development stage, moulting, gut content, body length, number and size of oocytes, and shape and size of the storage cells. (researchgate.net)
  • So far there has been no comprehensive review using systematic literature search strategies to show the application of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) in the human testis of the whole life cycle (from embryos to aging males). (ijbs.com)
  • For the development of normal testes, scRNA-seq-based evidence showed dynamic transcriptional changes of both germ cells and somatic cells from embryos to adults. (ijbs.com)
  • The somatic cell and the oocyte is then fused (f) and the embryos is allowed to develop to a blastocyst in vitro (g). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Human embryonic stem cells derived from excess IVF embryos may help scientists unlock the mysteries of infertility for other couples struggling to conceive, according to new research. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Stem cells are now being collected from human embryos . (howtoaccess.com)
  • How are stem cells harvested from embryos? (howtoaccess.com)
  • However, human embryonic stem cell (hESC) research is ethically and politically controversial because it involves the destruction of human embryos . (howtoaccess.com)
  • Embryonic stem cells - Stem cells derived from human embryos. (howtoaccess.com)
  • Does all stem cell research destroy embryos? (howtoaccess.com)
  • Therefore, the embryos used in stem cell research are human beings, and it is morally reprehensible to kill them in order to remove the cells. (howtoaccess.com)
  • When stem cells are obtained from living human embryos, the harvesting of these cells necessitates destruction of the embryos, which is controversial in the U.S. (howtoaccess.com)
  • The Catholic Church has become the leading voice against any form of human cloning and even against the creation of human embryonic stem-cell lines from 'excess' in vitro fertilization (IVF) embryos. (howtoaccess.com)
  • True cloning performed by nuclear transfer from an adult and differentiated somatic cell to a previously enucleated egg (somatic cell nuclear transfer, SCNT), gives rise to a new cell, the nuclovulo (nucleus+ovum), distinct from the zygote because the sperm is not involved in its creation, while both can develop as embryos and give rise to offspring. (sibi.org)
  • These Are the less developed cancers with cells that appear like embryos in their early stages. (planetayurveda.net)
  • The potential use of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) for cell replacement therapies is limited by ethical concerns and the technical hurdles associated with their isolation from human embryos. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Human embryonic stem cell research is ethically and politically controversial because since it involves the destruction of human embryos that have the potential to become human beings, it is the topic of several debates addressing morals and beliefs. (ysjournal.com)
  • The normal RUNX1 protein, produced from the RUNX1 gene, is part of a protein complex called core binding factor (CBF) that attaches (binds) to DNA and turns on genes involved in blood cell development. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The RUNX1-ETO fusion protein forms CBF and attaches to DNA, but instead of turning on genes that stimulate the development of blood cells, it turns those genes off. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Taken together, these data identify Nanos as primordial genes with highly conserved functions for both, the migration of the germinal cells and their maintenance in adults. (nature.com)
  • In the current study, the researchers treated human embryonic stem cells with proteins known to stimulate germ cell formation and isolated those that began to express germ-cell-specific genes -- about 5 percent of the total. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In addition to expressing key genes, these cells also began to remove modifications, or methyl groups, to their DNA that confer cell-specific traits that would interfere with their ability to function as germ cells. (sciencedaily.com)
  • They did it using cord blood (ie umbilical cord blood), where the cells were 'lineage committed' ie they had already differentiated from the pluripotent state, and tweaking gene expression in those cells using 'episomal nucleofection' to carry a set of four key genes into the cells' nuclei. (waikato.ac.nz)
  • Generally, when a stem cell culture is induced to differentiate, the differentiated population is analysed for particular cell types by expression of genes, markers or phenotypic analysis. (justia.com)
  • We will first focus on the genes that alter the selection threshold of B1 cell in mice model. (ox.ac.uk)
  • It was found out that, with the expression of only four genes, Oct3/4, Sox2, c-Myc and Klf4, somatic stem cells could be reprogrammed into the pluripotent-like state. (ysjournal.com)
  • By taking somatic stem cells and activating specific genes [3], induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were originated, making these theories of regenerative treatments mentioned before a current reality. (ysjournal.com)
  • The functionality of the neurogenic process appears to be operated by neuroblasts, the multipotent immature neuronal population of the adult brain. (bvsalud.org)
  • Neural progenitors are precursor cells able to further differentiate into various neuronal and glial cells. (sanbio.nl)
  • Pain originating from the gastrointestinal (GI) system ascends to the brain via the same tri-neuronal pathways that convey noxious somatic stimuli. (frontiersin.org)
  • Victoria and New South Wales have put aside their competitive interstate rivalry to collaborate on a stem cell research project, as announced by Innovation Minister Gavin Jennings and NSW Minister for Science and Medical Research, Verity Firth, today. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Dr Paul Verma, Program Leader of MIMR's Stem Cell Biology Program and the Chief Investigator of the Victorian project team, will create the iPS cells for this project. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Professor Tuch's team will also use their proficiencies in characterising human embryonic stem cell lines and bioinformatics. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Mr Jennings said changes to the Victorian Infertility Treatment Act and the NSW Human Cloning and Other Prohibited Practices Act have opened up new opportunities for stem cell research in Australia. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Australia is already a global leader in overall stem cell research and this new and clear regulatory framework gives us an opportunity to extend our leadership into SCNT which could transform how we treat diabetes, heart diseases and Parkinson's," Mr Jennings said. (medicalxpress.com)
  • NANOS2 has also been identified as a key stem cell regulator in Spermatogonial Stem Cells (SSC) of mature individuals by maintaining the stem cell fate during spermatogenesis in mice 10 . (nature.com)
  • Neural stem cell (NSC) mediated adult neurogenesis represents the regenerative plasticity of the brain. (bvsalud.org)
  • Undifferentiated spermatogonia divide mitotically to both repopulate the testicular stem cell population and provide progenitor cells that undergo spermatogenesis. (jci.org)
  • Immunofluorescent staining of PAX6 ( 12323-1-AP , 1:250 dilution) with 4% PFA fixed control human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived NPCs. (sanbio.nl)
  • Reijo Pera is a professor of obstetrics and gynecology at the medical school and the director of Stanford's Center for Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research and Education. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Every type of blood cell in the bone marrow starts as a stem cell. (howtoaccess.com)
  • Why is stem cell research controversial? (howtoaccess.com)
  • Which country has the most advanced stem cell therapy? (howtoaccess.com)
  • Stem cell research is legal in the United States, however, there are restrictions on its funding and use . (howtoaccess.com)
  • As a result, stem cell tourism has become a lucrative yet unethical business worldwide. (howtoaccess.com)
  • What countries have banned stem cell research? (howtoaccess.com)
  • What religions are against embryonic stem cell research? (howtoaccess.com)
  • It's an article about some rather interesting research into the possibility of reprogramming adult cells so that they return to a pluripotent stem cell state. (waikato.ac.nz)
  • So, preliminary proof of concept, but a long way from inducing adult tissue cells to re-enter a stem cell state. (waikato.ac.nz)
  • 2012) Growth Factor-Activated Stem Cell Circuits and Stromal Signals Cooperatively Accelerate Non-Integrated iPSC Reprogramming of Human Myeloid Progenitors. (waikato.ac.nz)
  • Bone marrow stromal cells -A stem cell found in bone marrow that generates bone, cartilage, fat, and fibrous connective tissue. (cellmedicine.com)
  • in this case, a stem cell. (cellmedicine.com)
  • Hematopoietic stem cell -A stem cell from which all red and white blood cells develop. (cellmedicine.com)
  • Human embryonic stem cell -A type of pluripotent stem cell derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst. (cellmedicine.com)
  • Long-term self-renewal -The ability of stem cells to renew themselves by dividing into the same non-specialized cell type over long periods (many months to years) depending on the specific type of stem cell. (cellmedicine.com)
  • These data therefore indicate that the DN effects of mutant p53 are evident in the stem-cell context, in which its expression is relatively high compared with terminally differentiated cells. (silverchair.com)
  • Cell Stem Cell. (ucsf.edu)
  • Then, to take a blastocyst and withdraw the inner cell mass to obtain an embryonic stem cell line is equal to muder [1]. (ysjournal.com)
  • The idea of inducing a pluripotent stem cell similar to the ESCs was executed by Shinya Yakama and his student Kazutoshi Takahashi at Kyoto University, Japan, in 2006. (ysjournal.com)
  • E.g in cardiac therapies, the induced pluripotent stem cell line promotes cardiac tissue regeneration and when this one is applied to the organ, it leads to improvements in cardiac function [2]. (ysjournal.com)
  • SCID is considered a pediatric emergency because survival depends on expeditious stem cell reconstitution, usually by bone marrow transplantation (BMT). (medscape.com)
  • In conclusion, this study reports the failure of adult Leydig cell development and altered steroid production and signaling in tissue cultures. (elifesciences.org)
  • In vitro spermatogenesis could indeed be proposed to patients with testicular localization of residual tumor cells, for whom testicular tissue autografting is not indicated (about 30% of patients with acute leukemia). (elifesciences.org)
  • A subset of NSCs is present in the developed nervous system and acts as a reservoir of cells for cell replacement and nervous tissue regeneration (PMID: 20110496). (sanbio.nl)
  • Undifferentiated cells, found in a differentiated tissue, that can renew themselves and - with certain limitations - differentiate to yield all the specialized cell types of the tissue from which they originated. (michaeljfox.org)
  • Testicular cancer is a condition in which the unusual cell grows out of control in the tissue of one or both of the testes. (planetayurveda.net)
  • Mesenchymal stem cells -Cells from the immature embryonic connective tissue. (cellmedicine.com)
  • Embryonic stem (ES) cells are derived from the embryo and are pluripotent, thus possessing the capability of developing into any organ, cell type or tissue type. (justia.com)
  • In the interstitial tissue, Leydig cells synthesize androgens and the insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3) [ 3 ], whereas in the seminiferous tubules, Sertoli cells regulate the nutrients and factors that reach the germ cells by means of the blood-testis barrier. (biomedcentral.com)
  • An induced state of non-reactivity to grafted tissue from a donor organism that would ordinarily trigger a cell-mediated or humoral immune response. (lookformedical.com)
  • If there are intact cells in this tissue they have been 'stored' frozen. (wikiquote.org)
  • It is also our view that there are no sound reasons for treating the early-stage human embryo or cloned human embryo as anything special, or as having moral status greater than human somatic cells in tissue culture. (wikiquote.org)
  • This process is located in the bone marrow, where the normal marrow tissue is replaced with immature bone islands and fibrous stroma. (tsnmjournals.org)
  • When stem cells were first discovered in 1961 by the biophysicist James Till and the cellular biologist Ernest McCulloch, the scientific community became quickly enthusiastic about its coming possibilities: with the ability to self-renew and replace damaged tissue in the body, these new-known cells came to be the core of the upcoming field of medical treatment, the regenerative medicine. (ysjournal.com)
  • Speaking on disease treatments, these cells could be used to treat several types of diseases, such as diabetes and Parkinson's disease [4], since with them any type of tissue needed could be formed and used to replace a damaged one. (ysjournal.com)
  • In addition, Nanos1B protein was predominantly located in the nuclei of male germinal cells. (nature.com)
  • These developmental defects have been attributed to incomplete reprogramming of the somatic nuclei by the cloning process. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These observations suggest that further studies on nuclear reprogramming are needed in order to understand the underlying mechanisms of reprogramming and significantly improve the ability of the differentiated somatic nuclei to be reprogrammed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This mutation is acquired during a person's lifetime and is present only in certain cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This type of genetic change, called a somatic mutation, is not inherited. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Immature teratoma has one of the lowest rates of somatic mutation of any tumor type and results from one of five mechanisms of meiotic failure. (wikipedia.org)
  • Rearranged during transfection (RET), kinase alterations, which include fusions and activating point mutation, lead to overactive RET signaling and uncontrolled cell growth. (medscape.com)
  • High affinity antibodies can be generated when encountered foreign antigen with the help of T cell-depended affinity mutation and somatic hypermutation of BCR. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The etiology is unclear so far, but it is known to be connected with a point mutation of the gene that encodes Gs α protein at the time of embryogenesis, and because of that, all of the affected somatic cells become dysplastic. (tsnmjournals.org)
  • It is important to determine whether the mutation occurred earlier in the process of embryogenesis so that there will be more mutant cells and the disease will appear in a more severe form. (tsnmjournals.org)
  • Scientists from the Monash Institute of Medical Research (MIMR) and colleagues from New South Wales will compare two different methods of creating patient-specific stem cells: somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS). (medicalxpress.com)
  • Cloning by nuclear transfer using mammalian somatic cells has enormous potential application. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Because cattle are a species widely used for nuclear transfer studies, and more laboratories have succeeded in cloning cattle than any other specie, this review will be focused on somatic cell cloning of cattle. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Somatic cell cloning (cloning or nuclear transfer) is a technique in which the nucleus (DNA) of a somatic cell is transferred into an enucleated metaphase-II oocyte for the generation of a new individual, genetically identical to the somatic cell donor (Figure 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Various strategies have been employed to modify donor cells and the nuclear transfer procedure in attempts to improve the efficiency of nuclear transfer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Twenty years have passed since Dolly the sheep was born by cloning (somatic cell nuclear transfer, SCNT) but the results of non-human mammalian cloning are very poor, and cause animal diseases and huge biological losses. (sibi.org)
  • Although exciting results have been achieved by means of somatic cell nuclear transfer, cell fusion, and culture-induced reprogramming [ 1 ], these procedures are technically demanding and inefficient and therefore unlikely to become a common approach for producing patient-specific pluripotent cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Germ cell tumor with somatic-type solid malignancy is a germ cell tumor accompanied by a non-germ cell, the somatic-type malignant component in the form of sarcomas or carcinomas. (ejournals.ca)
  • Гострий мієлоїдний лейкоз (ГМЛ) In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), malignant transformation and uncontrolled proliferation of an abnormally differentiated, long-lived myeloid progenitor cell results in high circulating numbers. (msdmanuals.com)
  • WAT can transdifferentiate (transforms from one mature somatic cell type into another) into BAT. (news-medical.net)
  • Currently, iPS cell lines show variability in their potential to produce mature cells. (medicalxpress.com)
  • They are divided into two types: mature and immature. (wikipedia.org)
  • Gliomatosis peritoneii, which presents as a deposition of mature glial cells in the peritoneum, is almost exclusively seen in conjunction with cases of ovarian teratoma. (wikipedia.org)
  • They found that one family member, DAZL, functions very early in germ cell development, while two others, DAZ1 and BOULE, stimulate the then-mature germ cells to divide to form gametes. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Overexpressing the three proteins together allowed the researchers to generate haploid cells -- those with only one copy of each chromosome -- expressing proteins found in mature sperm. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Stem cells are immature cells that are able to make other blood cells that mature and function as needed. (howtoaccess.com)
  • Embryonic germ cells -Cells found in a specific part of the embryo/fetus called the gonadal ridge that normally develop into mature gametes. (cellmedicine.com)
  • Stem cells are undifferentiated cells which can give rise to a succession of mature functional cells. (justia.com)
  • Identification of proliferative and mature β-cells in the islets of Langerhans. (ucsf.edu)
  • Based on the clinical finding, radiologic, and routine histopathological examination, this case was concluded as mature teratoma with somatic-type solid malignancy in the form of mucinous adenocarcinoma. (ejournals.ca)
  • Antibody production is severely impaired even when mature B cells are present, because of the lack of T-cell help. (medscape.com)
  • I believe that the reprogramming errors are not the only cause of these low rates of cloning: the mammalian SCNT fails with a very high frequency mainly due to the damage that the technique itself inflicts in the egg and the somatic nucleus, and the very few successful cases occur only when the damage is not significant. (sibi.org)
  • The hippo signaling pathway is essential for regulating proliferation and apoptosis in mammalian cells. (appliedbioinfo.com)
  • Currently, the CL employs multiple is_a relations, defining cell types in terms of histological, functional, and lineage properties, and the majority of definitions are written with sufficient generality to hold across multiple species. (philarchive.org)
  • During puberty, testosterone induces Sertoli cell maturation, and prevails over FSH on AMH regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Introduction: Myeloid/Natural killer (NK) cell precursor acute leukemia (MNKPL) is a rare hematologic malignancy prevalent in East Asia. (confex.com)
  • Mediastinal teratoma with coexisting adenovarcinoma and carcinoid tumour (somatic-type malignancy): A case report with a review of the literature. (ejournals.ca)
  • Immature teratomas may be cancerous. (wikipedia.org)
  • In adults, testicular teratomas are generally cancerous. (wikipedia.org)
  • Testicular and immature ovarian teratomas are also frequently treated with chemotherapy. (wikipedia.org)
  • Teratomas may be found in babies, children, and adults. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the ovary, both paralogs were detected in germinal and somatic cells. (nature.com)
  • A role of this gene in Germinal Stem Cells maintenance may be evolutionarily conserved as Nanos2 is specifically expressed both in oogonia and in spermatogonia of adult medaka 11 and in a subpopulation of undifferentiated A spermatogonia in juvenile and spermiating male trout 12 . (nature.com)
  • In turn, this immature cell accumulation in the bone marrow and blood is responsible for the appearance of insufficiency medullary symptoms such as, anemia,granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia [6]. (waocp.com)
  • Giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone is a relatively uncommon tumor that is characterized by the presence of multinucleated giant cells. (medscape.com)
  • Lateral radiograph of the L3 vertebra shows a giant cell tumor as a lytic lesion in the vertebral body, with expansion of the bone and internal septa. (medscape.com)
  • These are the blood cell-forming adult stem cells found in bone marrow . (howtoaccess.com)
  • These cells are used in procedures such as bone marrow transplants. (howtoaccess.com)
  • B2 cell is the most common type of B cell in immune system , always found in marginal zone or follicular zone in spleen , which can be renewed with precursor of adult bone marrow. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Chapurlat RD. Medical therapy in adults with fibrous dysplasia of bone. (tsnmjournals.org)
  • The tumor also contains neoplastic epithelial cells that form a solid, cribriform, acinic and papillary structure in the extracellular mucinous pool. (ejournals.ca)
  • an efficient and totally safe method to turn adult blood cells [back to their embryonic state]. (waikato.ac.nz)
  • To circumvent these obstacles, considerable effort has been invested in attempting to derive ESC-like cells by reprogramming somatic cells to an embryonic state. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Through genetic studies of exome sequence, it was found that gliomatosis is genetically identical to the parent ovarian tumor and developed from cells that disseminate from the ovarian teratoma. (wikipedia.org)
  • While t(8;21) is important for leukemia development, one or more additional genetic changes are typically needed for the myeloid blasts to develop into cancerous leukemia cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The genetic reprogramming of somatic cells into pluripotent state offers a potential strategy for the experimental modeling of brain disorders. (bvsalud.org)
  • Two classification systems were used to diagnose and classify AML: The first international classification FAB distinguishes eight subtypes of AML based on the morphology of the blast cells [13] and the new classification WHO is based on the immunophenotypic, genetic and cytogenetic characteristics [14]. (waocp.com)
  • Figuring out the genetic 'recipe' needed to develop human germ cells in the laboratory will give us the tools we need to trace what's going wrong for these people. (sciencedaily.com)
  • A chemical compound or substance that inhibits oxidation - damage to cells' membranes, proteins or genetic material by free radicals (the same chemical reaction that causes iron to rust). (michaeljfox.org)
  • These early developmental contacts are highly reminiscent of somatic purinergic junctions that are instrumental for microglia-neuron communication in the adult brain. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • Developmental defects, including abnormalities in cloned fetuses and placentas, in addition to high rates of pregnancy loss and neonatal death have been encountered by every research team studying somatic cloning. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In juveniles, none of the measured phenotypic characters had significant predictive power for mitosis, whereas in adult animals in moult or in late egg developmental or post-laying stage were more likely to have mitotic storage cells. (researchgate.net)
  • Increase in storage cell mitoses has been related to moulting and the late developmental stage of eggs (Czernekova and Jönsson 2016). (researchgate.net)
  • Cells usually consist of mouse embryonic fibroblasts. (cellmedicine.com)
  • We have therefore generated `knock-in' mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells to investigate the effects of expressing a commonly found hot-spot p53 mutant, R246S - the mouse equivalent of human R249S, which is associated with hepatocellular carcinomas. (silverchair.com)
  • Their study "Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors" is considered one of the most important findings of the past century and made Dr. Yakama win the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine of 2012. (ysjournal.com)
  • Many clinical factors influence the survival of AML patients, such as age, cytogenetic abnormalities, secondary leukemia, complete remission after the first induction and white blood cell (WBC) count [23-24]. (waocp.com)
  • When investigating the causes of this failure via cellular and molecular analysis of 2-cell zygotes and the successive cell divisions (blastomeres), all kinds of abnormalities were found. (sibi.org)
  • abstract = "Microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, play important roles during development. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • Although not technically feasible at this time, researchers expect that it is possible to clone stem cells from a patient's own somatic cells. (howtoaccess.com)
  • For some reason the article talks of obtaining 'adult blood cells' from a patient's spinal cord, when the original paper talks of cord blood from a cord blood bank (ie we are talking umbilical cords). (waikato.ac.nz)
  • however, the strength of the recommendation to treat should be based on the patient's willingness to accept therapy as well as the prognosis for AIDS-free survival as determined by the HIV RNA copy per mL of plasma and the CD4+ T cell count. (cdc.gov)
  • ScRNA-seq has been widely used on different human testicular samples with various library strategies, and new cell subtypes such as State 0 spermatogonial stem cells (SSC) and stage_a/b/c Sertoli cells (SC) were identified. (ijbs.com)
  • Chen, X.F. Application of single-cell RNA sequencing on human testicular samples: a comprehensive review. (ijbs.com)
  • Greater than 95%of testicular cancers start with germ cells. (planetayurveda.net)
  • It is the most common form of testicular cancer in children but quite rare in adults. (planetayurveda.net)
  • It is very rare yet very progressive and fast growing testicular adults. (planetayurveda.net)
  • SCNT, or therapeutic cloning, is one method used to produce a source of individually-tailored stem cells. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Unlike SCNT, iPS cells are derived from adult cells, such as skin, which are reprogrammed to behave like embryonic stem cells. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Once our team produces the iPS cells, we will compare the properties of iPS versus cells developed through SCNT. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Prior to SCNT, the somatic cell (differentiated) must be reprogramed to a similar state of a pluripotent embryonic cell (undifferentiated) before the nucleus is extracted and transferred. (sibi.org)
  • Nanos1A was strongly expressed in brain and also localized in all germ cell types in the polarized testis. (nature.com)
  • The structure, regulation, and cell types of the mouse testis. (jci.org)
  • B ) Histological cross section through an adult mouse testis depicting seminiferous tubules, the peritubular myoid cells, and the interstitium (space between tubules). (jci.org)
  • Tumor formation generally start in cells in leydig cells in the testis that normally make male sex hormones. (planetayurveda.net)
  • They are a type of germ cell tumor (a tumor that begins in the cells that give rise to sperm or eggs). (wikipedia.org)
  • Less commonly, Down syndrome occurs when part of chromosome 21 becomes attached (translocated) to another chromosome during the formation of reproductive cells (eggs and sperm) or very early in fetal development. (medlineplus.gov)
  • While sperm production has classically been the focus of adult reproductive function, somatic cells are crucial for the maintenance of spermatogenesis and gamete production. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We demonstrated that the silencing of the ambra1b gene determines a reduction of primordial germ cells (PGCs), a condition that, in the zebrafish, leads to the development of all-male progeny. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This rearrangement occurs in approximately 7 percent of acute myeloid leukemia cases in adults. (medlineplus.gov)
  • These pluripotent cells, as they form the embryo, can turn into any other type of cell that exists in the human body, except for the totipotent type. (ysjournal.com)
  • And dysregulated metabolic signaling or hedgehog signaling were revealed by scRNA-seq in aged SC or Leydig cells (LC), respectively. (ijbs.com)
  • Despite a conserved density of Leydig cells after 30 days of culture (D30), transcript levels of adult Leydig cell and steroidogenic markers were decreased. (elifesciences.org)
  • Transcript levels of the androgen receptor (AR)-regulated gene Rhox5 were decreased at the end of the culture period, suggesting that testosterone production by Leydig cells and/or AR transcriptional activity was impaired in organotypic cultures ( 8 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • Spermatogenesis in adult mammals is highly organized, with the goal being continual sperm production. (jci.org)
  • From this point forward, the steps and cell types of spermatogenesis are conserved between mice and humans. (jci.org)
  • They can be understood as the result of already existing somatic cancers. (planetayurveda.net)
  • ROS-1 gene alterations, thought to lead to abnormal cells, have been identified in various cancers, including NSCLC. (medscape.com)
  • The effect of the DAZ family members on the embryonic stem cells varied according to whether the cells were derived from a male or a female embryo. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Embryonic stem cells -Primitive (undifferentiated) cells from the embryo that have the potential to become a wide variety of specialized cell types. (cellmedicine.com)
  • These cells give rise to the embryonic disk of the later embryo and, ultimately, the fetus. (cellmedicine.com)
  • Lats1 Deletion Causes Increased Germ Cell Apoptosis and Follicular Cysts in Mouse Ovaries. (appliedbioinfo.com)
  • Deletion of Lats1 caused an increase in germ cell apoptosis from 1.7% in control ovaries to 3.6% in Lats1 mutant ovaries and a 58% and 32% decrease in primordial and activated follicle numbers in cultured mutant ovaries. (appliedbioinfo.com)
  • In contrast, the presence of abundant soluble or low-avidity self-antigen leads to B-cell anergy, and stronger signals from highly abundant or multivalent antigens trigger receptor editing or deletion as part of the negative selection of immature B cells in central tolerance. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Their exploration has allowed the study of cells with similar states of pluripotency as found in embryonic stem cells (ESCs), breaking the ethical barrier that interfered with the study of ESCs, as well as their use in therapies, disease modeling and drug development. (ysjournal.com)
  • Individual triglyceride molecules can be oxidatively metabolized under conditions of energy scarcity to provide energy for metabolizing cells. (news-medical.net)
  • Microenvironment -The molecules and compounds such as nutrients and growth factors in the fluid surrounding a cell in an organism or in the laboratory, which are important in determining the characteristicsof the cell. (cellmedicine.com)
  • More recent evidence has revealed that adult BAT is of the 'brite' variation, in contrast to the BAT variant found in infants. (news-medical.net)
  • Evidence from animal models shows that T cells can provide heterosubtypic protection and are crucial for immune control of influenza virus infections. (mdpi.com)
  • This is the first evidence that you can create functional human germ cells in a laboratory. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Acute myeloïd leukemia (AML) is the most frequent form of acute leukemia among adults and the most aggressive type of leukemia, which is associated with the lowest survival rate. (waocp.com)
  • In any case, the respective cell types may then be selectively cultured to enrich their percentage population to eventually obtain a single cell type and culture. (justia.com)
  • The induction of a specific differentiated cell type can be useful for transplantation or drug screening and drug discovery in vitro. (justia.com)
  • 2019 ) .Although this type of early appeared B cell only makes up less than 5% of total B cell in blood and spleen ( Baumgarth 2011 ), comparing with conventional B2 cell , B1 cell seems to be selected by a novel method , while the mechanism and molecular basis behind are still unknown. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In the mean time, different forms and avidity of self antigens will be used in these models to unveil the importance of antigen type in B cell selection. (ox.ac.uk)
  • As such, CNS tumor classification heavily relies on accurate grading , which reflects the degree of abnormal behavior displayed by the tumor cells themselves. (medscape.com)
  • Rupture of a mucinous cystadenoma or cystadenocarcinoma leading to the spread of tumor cells throughout the peritoneum . (amboss.com)
  • Cloning in biotechnology refers to processes used to create copies of DNA fragments ( molecular cloning ), cells (cell cloning), or organisms . (wikiquote.org)
  • An FGFR1-SPRY2 Signaling Axis Limits Basal Cell Proliferation in the Steady-State Airway Epithelium. (ucsf.edu)
  • Unlike previous research, which yielded primarily immature germ cells, the cells in this most-recent study functioned well enough to generate sperm cells. (sciencedaily.com)
  • These cells are responsible for sperm production. (planetayurveda.net)
  • Pediatric cancer treatments such as chemotherapy have recognized toxicity on germline stem cells, which could lead to infertility at adulthood ( 1 , 2 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • In particular, the induction of stem cells to differentiate into muscle cells (myocytes) is useful for muscle transplantation and therapeutic purposes, as well as providing potential human disease models in culture (e.g. for testing pharmaceuticals). (justia.com)