Adult cells skin donor egg cell. Medical search. Frequent questions

One aspect to this project will be to source oocytes, or immature egg cells to generate SCNT embryos from which embryonic stem cells are harvested. (medicalxpress.com)
this approach has been championed as an answer to the many issues concerning embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and the destruction of viable embryos for medical use, though questions remain on how homologous the two cell types truly are. (wikipedia.org)
Controversy surrounds human ESC work due to the destruction of viable human embryos, leading scientists to seek alternative methods of obtaining pluripotent stem cells, SCNT is one such method. (wikipedia.org)
Researchers reported in Nature on November 22, 2007, that they successfully isolated 2 embryonic stem cell lines from cloned embryos made using cells from the skin of an adult rhesus macaque. (nih.gov)
Embryonic stem cells come from human embryos that are three to five days old. (healthline.com)
These scientists destroyed the embryos and derived stem cell lines. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
Most embryos…formed one or two pronuclei at the time of removal from TSA, whereas a slightly higher portion of embryos cleaved…suggesting that some SCNT embryos did not exhibit visible pronuclei at the time of examination… Most cleaved embryos developed to the eight-cell stage…but few progressed to compact morula…and blastocyst. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
Activation of embryonic genes and transcription from the transplanted somatic cell nucleus are required for development of SCNT embryos beyond the eight-cell stage…Therefore, these results are consistent with the premise that our modified SCNT protocol supports reprogramming of human somatic cells to the embryonic state. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
But it is an important step in research because it doesn't require the use of embryos in creating the type of stem cell capable of transforming into any other type of cell in the body. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
Moreover, most early-stage embryos that are produced naturally (that is, through the union of egg and sperm resulting from sexual intercourse) fail to implant and are therefore wasted or destroyed. (wikiquote.org)
When a fertilised egg separates into two or more embryos with almost identical DNA, these twins are created. (geminigenetics.com)
Researchers there are working on technology that induces human skin cells to change into the kind of stem cells that have been created by embryos. (cbc.ca)
Some argue that the possibility of mimicking stem cells without acquiring them from embryos, side-steps that moral dilemma. (cbc.ca)
Embryonic stem cells come from embryos, embryonic germ cells from testes, and adult stem cells can come from bone marrow. (cbc.ca)
This new method of generating stem cells does not require embryos as starting points and could be used to generate cells from many adult tissues, such as a patient's own skin cells,' said principal author Andras Nagy, senior investigator at Mount Sinai's Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute. (cbc.ca)
The potential use of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) for cell replacement therapies is limited by ethical concerns and the technical hurdles associated with their isolation from human embryos. (biomedcentral.com)
These cells have been specially derived from human embryos (embryonic stem cells) or from reprogrammed adult cells (iPS cells). (bioethicsobservatory.org)
Studies using Xenopus cell-free extracts, oocytes, eggs, embryos, larval stages, and adult frogs have yielded important insights into a multitude of key biological processes-from mechanisms underlying the cell cycle to embryonic development to human disease. (cshlpress.com)
The environmental group argued that Brüstle's work was "contrary to public order" because embryos were destroyed to gather the stem cells used. (ox.ac.uk)
The judgment effectively supports the Greenpeace view and imposes a ban on patenting work that uses embryonic stem cells on the grounds that it represents an immoral "industrial" use of human embryos. (ox.ac.uk)
Stem cells from embryos may provide the holy grail of medicine. (ox.ac.uk)
Stem cells from embryos are very special building blocks. (ox.ac.uk)
An excess of embryos is produced during in vitro fertilisation to prevent women having extra cycles of egg harvesting that pose risks to their health. (ox.ac.uk)
Instead of becoming "biowaste" these embryos could be used to produce embryonic stem cells. (ox.ac.uk)
Mazur worked to find the best ways to cryopreserve different cells, embryos, and organs in order to minimize the damage caused by freezing. (asu.edu)
Stem cells can be obtained from the embryos that are not used. (msdmanuals.com)
Because the embryos then lose the ability to grow into a complete human being, the use of stem cells from embryos is controversial. (msdmanuals.com)

For example, hematopoietic stem cells are a type of adult stem cell found in bone marrow. (healthline.com)
Doctors have been performing stem cell transplants, also known as bone marrow transplants, for decades using hematopoietic stem cells in order to treat certain types of cancer. (healthline.com)
MGH researcher Jonathan Tilly and his team found new evidence that female mammals can produce egg cells throughout life and have traced their production out of the ovary and into the bone marrow. (harvard.edu)
Harvard researchers have found new evidence that female mammals can produce egg cells throughout life and have traced their production out of the ovary and into the bone marrow in findings that could both reshape science's understanding of female reproduction and provide new avenues for treatment of infertility. (harvard.edu)
In a series of experiments on sterile female mice, researchers from Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), a Harvard teaching hospital, were able to restore egg production by transplanting bone marrow from fertile mice. (harvard.edu)
The researchers believe that egg stem cells in the donor bone marrow established themselves in the sterile mice and began producing egg cells, also called oocytes. (harvard.edu)
Fertility expert Kutluk Oktay, an associate professor at Cornell University's Weill Medical College, said the research was "revolutionary" and said the most shocking finding was that the bone marrow, not the ovary itself, was the site of egg cell replenishment. (harvard.edu)
The research team leader, Associate Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology Jonathan Tilly, characterized criticism of the current paper as more severe than that directed at last year's work, a fact he attributed to the findings that the bone marrow, rather than the ovaries, are the ultimate site of egg cell generation. (harvard.edu)
It has now been shown that if iPS cells obtained from the skin or bone marrow of a person are injected back into the same person, they can generate tumours and trigger inflammation. (bioethicsobservatory.org)
Till's work with stem cells in bone marrow, which produces the body's blood cells, helped form the field of modern hematology, a medical discipline that focuses on diseases related to the blood. (asu.edu)
Blood is preferred to bone marrow as a source because the procedure is less invasive and the number (count) of blood cells returns to normal more quickly. (msdmanuals.com)
The bone marrow and blood of children and adults contain stem cells. (msdmanuals.com)

Before this new study was published, Nature asked another group of researchers to confirm that the stem cells were genetically identical to the donor skin cells. (nih.gov)
Snuppy is genetically identical to the donor Afghan hound. (nature.com)

In genetics and developmental biology, somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a laboratory strategy for creating a viable embryo from a body cell and an egg cell. (wikipedia.org)
Development will ensue normally and after many mitotic divisions, the single cell forms a blastocyst (an early stage embryo with about 100 cells) with an identical genome to the original organism (i.e. a clone). (wikipedia.org)
Stem cells can then be obtained by the destruction of this clone embryo for use in therapeutic cloning or in the case of reproductive cloning the clone embryo is implanted into a host mother for further development and brought to term. (wikipedia.org)
The aim of carrying out this procedure is to obtain pluripotent cells from a cloned embryo. (wikipedia.org)
Embryonic stem cells are undifferentiated cells of an embryo. (wikipedia.org)
Hans Spemann came across the idea to exchange a nucleus of an ovum with an additional egg center and have them grow a great embryo. (mabuty.com)
Up coming, is revitalizing cell split by using a power current around the reconstructed egg to develop a great early-stage embryo. (mabuty.com)
The replicated embryo is injected into the womb of your mature adult female animal for advancement. (mabuty.com)
Stem skin cells then receive extracted, which fact truly does destroy the embryo. (mabuty.com)
The egg then "reprograms" the adult nucleus so that the cell behaves like an embryo but has the genes of the adult cell. (nih.gov)
In another strategy, called therapeutic cloning, the embryo can instead be used to create stem cells that are genetically identical to a patient. (nih.gov)
Since embryonic stem cells have the ability to form virtually any cell type in the body, those taken from a cloned embryo could potentially be used to treat many diseases. (nih.gov)
A human female embryo develops around 7 million proto-eggs, known as primordial oocytes. (discovermagazine.com)
During the process of harvesting embryotic stem cells, the embryo is destroyed. (healthline.com)
2. Nuclear transfer is a technique used to duplicate genetic material by creating an embryo through the transfer and fusion of a diploid cell in an enucleated female oocyte.2 Cloning has a broader meaning than nuclear transfer as it also involves gene replication and natural or induced embryo splitting (see Annex 1). (who.int)
It is also our view that there are no sound reasons for treating the early-stage human embryo or cloned human embryo as anything special, or as having moral status greater than human somatic cells in tissue culture. (wikiquote.org)
The resulting embryo is then implanted into a surrogate mother, resulting in the birth of an animal genetically identical to the body cell donor. (geminigenetics.com)
Therapeutic cloning involves the creation of an early-stage embryo (blastocyst) and the removal of stem cells from the developing embryo. (geminigenetics.com)
An electrical impulse is then applied to the egg cell to stimulate it to become an embryo. (geminigenetics.com)
This mouse egg (top) is being injected with genetic material from an adult cell to ultimately create an embryo - and, eventually, embryonic stem cells. (usf.edu)
They look like the cells in a human embryo - in fact, they're called embryonic stem cells. (usf.edu)
This question had been asked by embryologists since 1886 ( Rauber, 1886 ), and Spemann ( Spemann, 1938 ) had demonstrated by an egg ligation experiment that the nuclei of an eight-cell frog embryo are developmentally totipotent. (biologists.com)
However, Briggs and King ( Briggs and King, 1957 ) had also found that the nucleus of an endoderm cell from a neurula embryo could no longer support normal development ( Fig. 2 ). (biologists.com)
The problem is that these cells are made by destroying an unwanted embryo. (ox.ac.uk)
Is it right that an embryo dies so that children and adults may live? (ox.ac.uk)
Surely then we can use cells from a embryo which will otherwise be flushed down the sink. (ox.ac.uk)
The sperm fertilizes the egg and the resulting cell divides, forming an embryo. (msdmanuals.com)

These cells are deemed to have a pluripotent potential because they have the ability to give rise to all of the tissues found in an adult organism. (wikipedia.org)
Another application of SCNT stem cell research is using the patient specific stem cell lines to generate tissues or even organs for transplant into the specific patient. (wikipedia.org)
These stem cells come from developed organs and tissues in the body. (healthline.com)
This long-sought technique may eventually let doctors create replacement cells for a wide variety of tissues from bits of a patient's own skin. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
Numerous biological components, including genes, cells, tissues, and even complete creatures like sheep, have been cloned by researchers, and now cat, dog and equine cloning is widely and reliably available via international companies such as our partner, ViaGen Pets & Equine. (geminigenetics.com)
Stem cells are precursor cells that develop into specific kinds of tissues, replenishing blood, skin, and other kinds of cells in the body. (harvard.edu)
In keeping with current standards, we urge that old were made in the skin of calves and sheep, and seeds and smallpox vaccines that were made in animal skin and are stocks were passaged in tissues of calves, sheep, and rab- still a key part of our strategic national stockpile be tested bits (especially used for seed lot production). (cdc.gov)
But recent evidence suggests it may be possible to reprogram adult stems to repair tissues. (cbc.ca)
In addition, as the genetic identity of the donor egg from which the ESCs are derived most likely will differ from that of potential recipients, patients who receive ESC-derived cells or tissues may face the same complications that result from organ transplantation (for example, immunorejection, graft-versus-host disease, and need for immunosuppression). (biomedcentral.com)
Mouse cells and tissues created through nuclear transfer can be rejected by the body because of a previously unknown immune response to the cell's mitochondria, according to an international study in mice by researchers at the Stanford University, MIT and colleagues in Germany and England. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
The hope has been that this would eliminate the problem of the patient's immune system attacking the pluripotent cells as foreign tissue, which is a problem with most organs and tissues when they are transplanted from one patient to another. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
In the 1960s and 1970s, scientists discovered that there are cells within adult tissues of the body that harbor many of the same special properties as embryonic stem cells. (pas.va)
However, these adult stem cells have more restricted potential - they are specialized to replenish, rejuvenate, and repair the tissues in which they reside. (pas.va)
embryonic stem cells , resulting from the early divisions of the egg, characterized by their "pluripotency", i.e. the capacity, that they share with the egg cell itself, to produce all the cell types found in the adult organism, and the tissue-specific stem cells present in the tissues and organs of the adult. (pas.va)
They are particularly active in tissues and organs in which the lifespan of the differentiated cells is short, like blood, skin and the inner cell layer covering the intestinal cavity, as well as in the repair of skeletal muscle after exercise of injury. (pas.va)
Significant advances have been made in isolating, culturing and reintroducing adult stem cells into tissues. (pas.va)
They can be used to replace dead or damaged cells, tissues or organs. (ox.ac.uk)
Overview of Transplantation Transplantation is the removal of living, functioning cells, tissues, or organs from the body and then their transfer back into the same body or into a different body. (msdmanuals.com)
Researchers hope to use stem cells to repair or replace cells or tissues damaged or destroyed by such disorders as Parkinson disease, diabetes, and spinal injuries. (msdmanuals.com)

The egg is now viable and capable of producing an adult organism containing all necessary genetic information from just one parent. (wikipedia.org)
These cells genetically matched the donor organism from which they came. (wikipedia.org)
Scientists were initially interested in somatic-cell nuclear transfer as a means of determining whether genes remain functional even after most of them have been switched off as the cells in a developing organism assume their specialized functions as blood cells, muscle cells, and so forth. (who.int)
A new organism is created by asexual reproduction using a duplicate of a single cell from the parent organism. (geminigenetics.com)
The process of reproductive cloning involves the nucleus of a somatic (body) cell from a donor organism to be cloned being transferred into an egg cell whose nucleus (genetic material) has been removed. (geminigenetics.com)
What surprises many people is that every body cell of an animal - indeed, of any multicellular organism - carries its entire genome. (learner.org)
If it doesn't, daughter cells won't form properly (or at all) and this may have a negative impact on the entire organism. (learner.org)
This is important because male and female sex cells ultimately join to become a fertilized egg, which gives rise to a new organism, or offspring. (learner.org)
On the other hand, a chimera is defined as an organism in which cells from two or more different organisms have contributed. (frontiersin.org)
Totipotency is the ability of a cell to grow into a complete organism. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
DNA is extracted from an organism by breaking its cells, separation of nuclei and rupturing of nuclear envelope. (yourarticlelibrary.com)

They are in an early stage of development and have the ability to become any type of cell to form skin, bones, organs or other body parts. (cbc.ca)
They are found in adult organs. (cbc.ca)
Sex cells are formed from special body cells that are typically located in sex organs. (learner.org)
Stem cell therapies hold vast potential for repairing organs and treating disease. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
The latter play an important role in renewing the cells of the various organs during the entire life. (pas.va)
However, donor organs are in absolute shortage, and sadly, most patients die while waiting for a donor organ. (frontiersin.org)
Presently, in the United States, another person is added to an organ transplant list every 10 min, 17 people die each day while waiting for donor organs, and approximately 105,800 patients are waitlisted for an organ transplant according to the health resources and services administration (HRSA). (frontiersin.org)

Scientists from the Monash Institute of Medical Research (MIMR) and colleagues from New South Wales will compare two different methods of creating patient-specific stem cells: somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS). (medicalxpress.com)
This gives them the ability to create patient specific pluripotent cells, which could then be used in therapies or disease research. (wikipedia.org)
Embryonic stem cells are known as pluripotent stem cells. (healthline.com)
Scientists have recently discovered how to turn adult stem cells into pluripotent stem cells. (healthline.com)
These new types of cells are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). (healthline.com)
As if it were induced pluripotent stem cells, which really do turn skin into stem cells. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
The somatic cells are modified with extra DNA or RNA, or by exposing them to proteins or drugs, which has the effect of turning some of them into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). (independentsciencenews.org)
And the other technique, which produces " induced pluripotent stem cells ," skips the step that requires a human egg cell, so some people find it less fraught, ethically. (usf.edu)
Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent - they have the ability to become virtually any type of cell within the body. (cbc.ca)
Derivation of autologous induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) through direct reprogramming of easily accessible somatic cells holds the potential to transform the field of regenerative medicine. (biomedcentral.com)
Here, we summarize current reprogramming methodologies with a focus on the production of transgene-free or genetically unmanipulated iPSCs and highlight important technical details that ultimately may influence the biological properties of pluripotent stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Although exciting results have been achieved by means of somatic cell nuclear transfer, cell fusion, and culture-induced reprogramming [ 1 ], these procedures are technically demanding and inefficient and therefore unlikely to become a common approach for producing patient-specific pluripotent cells. (biomedcentral.com)
In 2006, a major breakthrough was reported in Japan by Takahashi and Yamanaka, who described the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from mouse fibroblasts via over expression of defined transcription factors [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The greatest hope rests on the potential of pluripotent stem cells, which can become nearly any kind of cell in the body. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
One method of creating pluripotent stem cells is called somatic cell nuclear transfer, and involves taking the nucleus of an adult cell and injecting it into an egg cell from which the nucleus has been removed. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
The promise of the SCNT method is that the nucleus of a patient's skin cell, for example, could be used to create pluripotent cells that might be able to repair a part of that patient's body. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
One attraction of SCNT has always been that the genetic identity of the new pluripotent cell would be the same as the patient's, since the transplanted nucleus carries the patient's DNA. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Although many stem cell researchers are focused on a different method of creating pluripotent stem cells, called induced pluripotent stem cells, there may be some applications for which SCNT-derived pluripotent cells are better suited. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
This research informs the medical community of the margin of safety that would be required if, in the distant future, researchers need to use SCNT to create pluripotent cells to treat someone. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
The term stem cells dates back to the late 1800s at which time it referred to the fertilized egg, a pluripotent cell able to give rise to all of the complex cell types that comprise our body. (pas.va)
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) can now be generated from skin or blood of mice or humans by overexpressing four key transcription factors. (pas.va)

The NSW project team, led by Professor Bernie Tuch, will investigate another method of obtaining oocytes - from consenting adult cancer patients who have had their ovaries removed. (medicalxpress.com)
They must inject themselves daily for four weeks with large doses of hormones to encourage their ovaries to produce numerous mature oocytes while simultaneously suppressing the normal menstrual cycle, which would eject the eggs into the fallopian tubes. (discovermagazine.com)
Donors must regularly undergo ultrasound and blood tests to monitor their developing oocytes. (discovermagazine.com)
Here we describe the cloning of two Afghan hounds by nuclear transfer from adult skin cells into oocytes that had matured in vivo . (nature.com)
Successful somatic-cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) depends on the quality, availability and maturation of the animal's unfertilized oocytes. (nature.com)
For SCNT, the chromosomes of the unfertilized canine oocytes were removed by micromanipulation, and a single donor cell was transferred into each enucleated oocyte. (nature.com)

After being inserted into the egg, the somatic cell nucleus is reprogrammed by its host egg cell. (wikipedia.org)
It was clear that a definitive experiment required the replacement of a zygote nucleus by a somatic cell nucleus, asking whether the somatic nucleus could functionally replace the zygote nucleus by eliciting normal development of the enucleated recipient egg ( Fig. 1 )? (biologists.com)

The resulting cells would be genetically identical to the somatic cell donor, thus avoiding any complications from immune system rejection. (wikipedia.org)
In sexual reproduction, clones are created when a fertilized egg splits to produce identical (monozygous) twins with identical genomes. (who.int)
Thus, the clone would be genetically identical to the nucleus donor only if the egg came from the same donor or from her maternal line. (who.int)
But they showed, for the first time, that it is possible to create cloned embryonic stem cells that are genetically identical to the person from whom they are derived. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
We tested whether the cloned dogs were genetically identical by microsatellite analysis of genomic DNA from the donor Afghan, the cloned dogs and the surrogates (see supplementary information ). (nature.com)
Analysis of eight canine-specific microsatellite loci confirmed that the cloned dogs were genetically identical to their donor dog. (nature.com)
Molecular tests of artificially differentiated cells invariably show them to be not identical to their natural counterparts (also see below). (independentsciencenews.org)
The surrogate mum carries the cloned pet for the gestation period and once ready, gives birth to the clone who will be an identical genetic twin to the original pet whose skin sample was used to make the nucleus of the donor egg cell. (geminigenetics.com)
However, despite this diversity, every body cell of an animal is identical when it comes to the organization of the hereditary material DNA. (learner.org)
Cells of a clone are identical genetically, morphologically and physiologically. (yourarticlelibrary.com)

Unlike SCNT, iPS cells are derived from adult cells, such as skin, which are reprogrammed to behave like embryonic stem cells. (medicalxpress.com)
To create iPSCs, scientists genetically reprogram the adult stem cells so they behave like embryonic stem cells. (healthline.com)

Stem cells come in three forms: embryonic stem cells, embryonic germ cells and adult stem cells. (cbc.ca)
4 It encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase involved in the development and homeostasis of several cell lines including melanocytic (pigment), hematologic (blood), mast, and germ cells. (creation.com)
Scientists who specialize in fertility issues have created germ cells that produce sperm. (thehealthboard.com)
Experiments have shown that once these germ cells are inserted into the testicles of male mice, the mice can produce sperm that looks healthy and normal. (thehealthboard.com)
Childhood extracranial germ cell tumors form from germ cells in parts of the body other than the brain. (cigna.com)

In principle, scientists could produce a series of cell lines that would allow a close match for the majority of would-be cell recipients - just as transplant surgeons currently seek a close match for organ donors. (usf.edu)
Treatment with a new class of drugs, called senolytics, in donors improved the physical fitness of the recipients, a new study has shown. (medicaldaily.com)

SCNT, or therapeutic cloning, is one method used to produce a source of individually-tailored stem cells. (medicalxpress.com)
5. In 2001, France and Germany requested the United Nations General Assembly to develop international conventions on human reproductive cloning, therapeutic cloning and research on stem cells. (who.int)
Therapeutic cloning refers to the production of embryonic stem cells for medicinal reasons, for example regenerative medicine and tissue replacement. (geminigenetics.com)

In human SCNT experiments, these eggs are obtained through consenting donors, utilizing ovarian stimulation. (wikipedia.org)
No one knew whether human ovarian tissue could survive the process--after all, that kind of deep freeze normally kills mature eggs. (discovermagazine.com)
Ovarian germ cell tumors are more common in adolescent girls and young women. (cigna.com)
Most ovarian germ cell tumors are benign mature teratomas (dermoid cysts). (cigna.com)

The increasing importance of iPS cells as regards their potential usefulness within regenerative medicine is widely known. (bioethicsobservatory.org)

After the somatic cell transfers, the cytoplasmic factors affect the nucleus to become a zygote. (wikipedia.org)
This cell is called a zygote, or a fertilized egg. (healthline.com)
The zygote divides into two cells, then four cells, and so on. (healthline.com)
Usually all plants are totipotent but in animals only fertilized egg (zygote) and stem cells in the embryonic blastocyst are totipotent. (yourarticlelibrary.com)

Two separate research teams have figured out how to "reprogram" cells with just a handful of genes to give them the characteristics of embryonic stem cells. (nih.gov)
The experiments indicated how to reprogram nuclei from differentiated cells to produce live offspring, and that a single population of differentiated cells could produce multiple offspring. (asu.edu)

Even advanced donor cells from the endoderm of Xenopus tadpoles have nuclei that can sometimes yield normal individuals after nuclear transfer [data taken from Briggs and King ( Briggs and King, 1957 ) for Rana and from Gurdon ( Gurdon, 1962 ) for Xenopus ]. (biologists.com)
The team used cells that were created by transferring the nuclei of adult mouse cells into enucleated eggs cells from genetically different mice. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)

The genetic material of the donor egg cell is removed and discarded, leaving it 'deprogrammed. (wikipedia.org)
if it implants and the pregnancy goes to term, the resulting individual will carry the same nuclear genetic material as the donor of the adult somatic cell. (who.int)
The DNA within the skin sample is cultured and inserted into a donor egg cell whose nucleus (genetic material) has been removed. (geminigenetics.com)
They repeated the process - this time starting with the genetic material extracted from the skin cells of a much older man. (usf.edu)

Both conventional sources (IVF Clinics) and novel sources (adult ovaries and altruistic donors) will be explored. (medicalxpress.com)
The process ends with major surgery, complete with general anesthesia, as a surgeon pierces a donor's vaginal wall with a needle and sucks the eggs out of the ovaries. (discovermagazine.com)
As part of his vision of a dystopian future, Huxley took readers on a tour of a human hatchery where eggs matured in carefully maintained ovaries before being fertilized and developed in bottles. (discovermagazine.com)
The research built on a paper published last year that showed that egg cells in mice ovaries were being replenished long after birth, challenging what Oktay called the "central dogma" of reproductive medicine - that females are born with a lifetime supply of eggs. (harvard.edu)
The research team first set out to reinforce their 2004 findings that mouse ovaries were somehow regenerating eggs. (harvard.edu)
They examined mouse ovaries after administering the drug and found the ovaries lost 80 percent of their egg cells within 24 hours. (harvard.edu)
In most animals, sperm are formed in the testes of males, and eggs are formed in the ovaries of females. (learner.org)
These cells later become sperm in the testicles or eggs in the ovaries. (cigna.com)
Gonadal germ cell tumors form in the gonads (testicles and ovaries). (cigna.com)
Extragonadal extracranial germ cell tumors form in areas of the body other than the brain or gonads (testicles and ovaries). (cigna.com)

Mr Jennings said changes to the Victorian Infertility Treatment Act and the NSW Human Cloning and Other Prohibited Practices Act have opened up new opportunities for stem cell research in Australia. (medicalxpress.com)
Somatic cell nuclear transfer is a technique for cloning in which the nucleus of a somatic cell is transferred to the cytoplasm of an enucleated egg. (wikipedia.org)
Using these three types of cloning, biological species including cells, organisms, and genetics have all recently been successfully cloned. (mabuty.com)
In reproductive : cloning, a skin cellular is thoroughly extracted via an animal. (mabuty.com)
Cloning entails taking the nucleus - the compartment that contains the DNA - from an adult cell and putting it into an egg from which the original nucleus has been removed. (nih.gov)
Scientists have used cloning technology to transform human skin cells into embryonic stem cells, an experiment that may revive the controversy over human cloning. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
The cloning breakthrough is instead being spun as skin cells into stem cells! (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
Cloning in biotechnology refers to processes used to create copies of DNA fragments ( molecular cloning ), cells (cell cloning), or organisms . (wikiquote.org)
Given that we have an efficiency of 1% cloning for livestock species and if only one in a thousand cells are viable then around 100,000 cells would need to be transferred. (wikiquote.org)
Pet cloning is achieved via use of a skin sample from the pet you want to clone. (geminigenetics.com)
What we show for the first time is that you can actually take skin cells, from a middle-aged 35-year-old male, but also from an elderly, 75-year-old male" and use the DNA from those cells in this cloning process, Lanza says. (usf.edu)
But he says this does mean we could be getting closer to being able to go beyond cloned cell lines to cloning an entire human being. (usf.edu)
Cloning is of several types-cell cloning, gene cloning, microbial cloning, plant cloning and animal cloning. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
Cell cloning is the formation of multiple copies of the same cell. (yourarticlelibrary.com)

A potential use of stem cells genetically matched to a patient would be to create cell lines that have genes linked to a patient's particular disease. (wikipedia.org)
For example, if a person with Parkinson's disease donated their somatic cells, the stem cells resulting from SCNT would have genes that contribute to Parkinson's disease. (wikipedia.org)
The fact that the DNA of a fully differentiated (adult) cell could be stimulated to revert to a condition comparable to that of a newly fertilized egg and to repeat the process of embryonic development demonstrates that all the genes in differentiated cells retain their functional capacity, although only a few are active. (who.int)
Ideally he would like to screen millions of adults and choose just a hundred or so whose genes would make them good DNA donors. (usf.edu)
He'd like to see a library of cells created with those carefully chosen genes. (usf.edu)
The very important question to be addressed at that time was whether all cell types in the body have the same set of genes. (biologists.com)
But previous approaches required the use of viruses to deliver the four genes needed to activate the cell and accomplish that task. (cbc.ca)
In the nucleus of each body cell, DNA is organized into chromosomes, which exist as chromosome pairs - with each member of a pair carrying the same set of genes. (learner.org)
Cells end up being different from one another because different genes within the genome direct their development. (learner.org)
Other genes affecting coloration are involved in pigment production or development (i.e. regulating the development and migration of pigment cells during embryogenesis). (creation.com)
By triggering certain genes, researchers may be able to cause the stem cells to specialize and become the cells that need to be replaced. (msdmanuals.com)
One way to induce these cells is to inject them with material that affects their genes, a process called reprogramming. (msdmanuals.com)

In the United States, scientists at the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, the University of California San Francisco, the Oregon Health & Science University, Stemagen (La Jolla, CA) and possibly Advanced Cell Technology are currently researching a technique to use somatic cell nuclear transfer to produce embryonic stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
Since stem cells have the ability to turn into various other types of cells, scientists believe that they can be useful for treating and understanding diseases. (healthline.com)
Scientists are hoping that the cells can be made from someone's own skin to treat a disease. (healthline.com)
The method described on Wednesday by Oregon State University scientists in the journal Cell, would not likely be able to create human clones, said Shoukhrat Mitalipov, senior scientist at the Oregon National Primate Research Center. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
Eighteen years ago, scientists in Scotland took the nuclear DNA from the cell of an adult sheep and put it into another sheep's egg cell that had been emptied of its own nucleus. (usf.edu)
So ideally scientists would like to be able to extract DNA from the cells of older people - not just cells from infants - to create therapies for adult diseases. (usf.edu)
In the 18 years since researchers cloned a sheep, scientists have found another way to produce cloned human cell lines. (usf.edu)
Scientists have been all abuzz in the last few years over stem cells - cellular magicians that promise to dazzle and amaze. (cbc.ca)
Scientists say embryonic stem cells are the most useful type because they have the potential to become any type of cell within the body. (cbc.ca)
Scientists are fascinated by the ability of stem cells to become any type of cell. (cbc.ca)
When scientists at the Oregon Health and Science University announced success in performing SCNT with human cells last year, it reignited interest in eventually using the technique for human therapies. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
In the future, scientists might also lessen the immune reaction by using eggs from someone who is genetically similar to the recipient, such as a mother or sister. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Scientists have been working towards creating viable artificial human sperm cells for over a decade. (thehealthboard.com)
Scientists are developing ways of enabling (inducing) other cells (such as a blood or skin cell) to act as stem cells. (msdmanuals.com)

The stem cells, the researchers showed, could turn into heart or nerve cells in the laboratory, and had other characteristics of established embryonic stem cell lines. (nih.gov)
US researchers have reported a breakthrough in stem cell research, describing how they have turned human skin cells into embryonic stem cells for the first time. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
Researchers refer to creating eggs and sperm (gametes) in the laboratory as in vitro gametogenesis or IVG. (independentsciencenews.org)
However, researchers at the Harvard Stem Cell Institute say reprogrammed cells won't eliminate the need or value of studying embryonic stem cells. (cbc.ca)
But researchers think that these stem cells have the most potential for producing different kinds of cells and for surviving after transplantation. (msdmanuals.com)

The process of somatic cell nuclear transfer involves two different cells. (wikipedia.org)
Somatic cell nuclear transplantation has become a focus of study in stem cell research. (wikipedia.org)
Somatic-cell nuclear transfer, the technique by which Dolly was created, was first used 40 years ago in research with tadpoles and frogs. (who.int)
However, an animal created through this technique would not be a precise genetic copy of the source of its nuclear DNA because each clone derives a small amount of its DNA from the mitochondria of the egg (which lie outside the nucleus) rather than from the donor of cell nucleus. (who.int)
Figure 1: Dog cloned by somatic-cell nuclear transfer. (nature.com)
Writing in the journal Cell Stem Cell , they say they started with nuclear DNA extracted from the skin cells of a middle-age man and injected it into human eggs donated by four women. (usf.edu)
As with Dolly, the women's nuclear DNA had been removed from these eggs before the man's DNA was injected. (usf.edu)
As a brand new graduate student starting in October 1956, my supervisor Michail Fischberg, a lecturer in the department of Zoology at Oxford, suggested that I should try to make somatic cell nuclear transplantation work in the South African frog Xenopus laevis . (biologists.com)
They reported their results in the article 'Sheep Cloned by Nuclear Transfer from a Cultured Cell Line' in March 1996. (asu.edu)

The blastocyst stage is developed by the egg to help create embryonic stem cells from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst. (wikipedia.org)

In May 2007, Ontario and California announced a $30-million stem cell research deal aimed at finding new therapies for those diseases. (cbc.ca)
Ideally, iPSC-based therapies in the future will rely on the isolation of skin fibroblasts or keratinocytes, their reprogramming into iPSCs, and the correction of the genetic defect followed by differentiation into the desired cell type and transplantation. (biomedcentral.com)
Stem cell therapies, once a dream, are now becoming a reality. (pas.va)

So it is unlikely that the cells would be viable. (wikiquote.org)
Let's say that one in a thousand cells were nevertheless viable, practical issues come into play. (wikiquote.org)
They injected it into 77 human egg cells, and from all those attempts, managed to create two viable cells that contained DNA from one or the other man. (usf.edu)

Donor fibroblasts were obtained from an ear-skin biopsy of a male Afghan hound and cultured for two to five passages (in which fully grown cells are transferred to a new culture dish). (nature.com)

Most importantly, embryonic stem cells may allow transplantation to be used to treat common diseases like heart attack, Alzheimer's Disease, diabetes, Parkinson's Disease and stroke. (ox.ac.uk)
To take human organ generation via BC and transplantation to the next step, we reviewed current emerging organ generation technologies and the associated efficiency of chimera formation in human cells from the standpoint of developmental biology. (frontiersin.org)
Stem cell transplantation is the removal of stem cells (undifferentiated cells) from a healthy person and their injection into someone who has a serious blood disorder. (msdmanuals.com)
These stem cells are most often used for transplantation. (msdmanuals.com)

These cells are not those that evolved to produce gametes during embryonic development. (independentsciencenews.org)

Instead, it may depend on the host and donor molecular similarities or distinctions critical for the organogenesis program. (frontiersin.org)

The technique consists of taking an denucleated oocyte (egg cell) and implanting a donor nucleus from a somatic (body) cell. (wikipedia.org)
The second being a somatic cell, referring to the cells of the human body. (wikipedia.org)
The mature egg cell, observes Roger Gosden, a reproductive biologist at the University of Leeds in England, is the rarest cell in the human body. (discovermagazine.com)
This means they're capable of developing into cells that serve numerous functions in different parts of the body. (healthline.com)
Most cells in the body are differentiated cells. (healthline.com)
Eventually, the cells begin to differentiate, taking on a certain function in a part of the body. (healthline.com)
Other cells in the body can only replicate a limited number of times before they begin to break down. (healthline.com)
These cells can give rise to virtually any other type of cell in the body. (healthline.com)
They can differentiate into all types of specialized cells in the body. (healthline.com)
The objective is to turn ordinary body cells of prospective parents into artificial eggs and sperm. (independentsciencenews.org)
The experimental process begins with "somatic" or body cells, e.g., from adult blood or skin. (independentsciencenews.org)
The iPSCs are next exposed to other biomolecules or drugs, to convert them into cells resembling the specialized cells of the body, such as eggs or sperm. (independentsciencenews.org)
However, if we think back to what actually happened to the animal - it died, even if from the cold, the cells in the body would have taken some time to freeze. (wikiquote.org)
What is a body cell? (learner.org)
Each cell that composes an animal is called a somatic or body cell - skin, muscle, and nerve cells are some examples. (learner.org)
Each animal is composed of many different types of body cells that display amazing variation in form and function. (learner.org)
In terms of chromosome pairs, all animals of the same type are alike - that is, their body cells contain the same number and arrangement of chromosomes. (learner.org)
How do body cells reproduce? (learner.org)
Body cells are formed when existing body cells divide. (learner.org)
It is critical that this orderly and precise process happens every time a body cell divides. (learner.org)
What is the role of body cell reproduction in an animal life cycle? (learner.org)
All animals lives begin when the sex cells of two parents unite to form the first body cell of the offspring - the fertilized egg. (learner.org)
After that first body cell forms, body cell reproduction is the process by which animals grow and develop, and by which new cells are produced and worn-out cells replaced. (learner.org)
Body cell reproduction thus occurs throughout an animal's life span and is the dominant form of cell reproduction during a life cycle. (learner.org)
Sex cells contain only half of the hereditary material present in the body cells that form them. (learner.org)
For humans, we know there are 46 chromosomes in body cells existing as 23 pairs. (learner.org)
Sex cells are produced from special body cells that contain the entire genome. (learner.org)
Before the first occurs, all of the chromosomes are duplicated just as they are in body cell reproduction, but what happens next is different: the two duplicated strands remain attached to each other as the members of each chromosome pair move alongside each other. (learner.org)
The body sends a signal to the alpha cells to make glucagon when blood glucose (blood sugar) falls too low. (diabetes.org)
Also, although there were only two humans, Eve may have carried alleles in her egg cells that differed from those in her body. (creation.com)
Cells are the "lego" blocks that make up the human body. (ox.ac.uk)
Disease and age cause our cells to die and, generally, the body cannot replace them. (ox.ac.uk)
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can shift, or differentiate, into specialized types of cells and serve as a repair system in the body by dividing indefinitely to replenish other cells. (asu.edu)
In contrast, pluriopotency is the ability of a cell to develop ИПу type Ot the Cell in the animal body, for example, kidney cells or heart cells or nerve cells. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that have the potential to become one of 200 types of cells in the body, including blood, nerve, muscle, heart, glandular, and skin cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Some stem cells can be triggered to become any kind of cell in the body. (msdmanuals.com)
Dehydration has been a more Acticin pill Purchase skin layers easily because of the the brain, the parasites begin to into the skin layers effortlessly as a result of the unsaturated fats other parts of the body. (mooncarecenter.com)
This summary is about germ cell tumors that form in parts of the body that are extracranial (outside the brain). (cigna.com)
Most extragonadal extracranial germ cell tumors form along the midline of the body. (cigna.com)

March 15, 2023 - Results are similar to findings seen in previous artificial pancreas trials in older children and adults. (nih.gov)

This means they can potentially produce new cells for any organ or tissue. (healthline.com)
If there are intact cells in this tissue they have been 'stored' frozen. (wikiquote.org)
In a study published in the online journal Nature on March 1, 2009, Canadian researches described a new method for generating stem cells from adult human tissue. (cbc.ca)
This reaction could occur because cells created through SCNT contain mitochondria from the egg donor and not from the patient, and therefore could still look like foreign tissue to the recipient's immune system. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
These adult stem cells are highly specialized and can only produce the tissue in which they reside. (pas.va)
In addition, there has been remarkable progress in developing approaches to stimulate these tissue-resident stem cells in situ in the tissue. (pas.va)
It may be possible to engineer tissue from embryonic stem cells so doctors don't need to use these drugs. (ox.ac.uk)
It may be possible in the future to embryonic stem cells to produce brain tissue to replace the damaged brain tissue. (ox.ac.uk)
In modern science, epithelium is a type of animal tissue in which cells are packed into neatly arranged sheets. (asu.edu)
Plant tissue can be similarly taken in liquid nutrient medium and shaken mechanically when cells separate. (yourarticlelibrary.com)

Australia is already a global leader in overall stem cell research and this new and clear regulatory framework gives us an opportunity to extend our leadership into SCNT which could transform how we treat diabetes, heart diseases and Parkinson's," Mr Jennings said. (medicalxpress.com)
Claims that you could clone individual treatments of human beings to treat common diseases like diabetes, suggests you need a huge supply of human eggs. (wikiquote.org)
The recovered stem cells can then be used in the treatment of diseases and to aid the recovery of injuries. (geminigenetics.com)
Dolly's birth set off a huge outpouring of ethical concern - along with hope that the same techniques, applied to human cells, could be used to treat myriad diseases. (usf.edu)
Since then, there has been a flurry of announcements about developments in stem cell research and hints of promising treatments for diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and cancer. (cbc.ca)
lumbricoides eggs that are contained in feces HOSTPARASITE RELATIONSHIP IN PULMONARY HELMINTHIASES APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH HELMINTHIC and spread of diseases, see also intermediate hosts, including fish If stockrapid breathing, poor peripheral perfusion, eosinophilia and increased levels of immunoglobulin determining carriers. (mooncarecenter.com)
Any person or institution that provides vaccination services should adopt these standards to improve vaccination delivery and protect infants, children, adolescents, and adults from vaccine-preventable diseases. (cdc.gov)

The team at OHSU [Oregon Health and Science University], which disclosed its work in a paper published online by Cell, created embryonic stem cells by replacing the nucleus in an unfertilized human egg with the nucleus from a skin cell, then harvesting the resulting stem cells. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)

Once our team produces the iPS cells, we will compare the properties of iPS versus cells developed through SCNT. (medicalxpress.com)
Only a handful of the labs in the world are currently using SCNT techniques in human stem cell research. (wikipedia.org)
Stanford University have raised the possibility in the past that the immune system of a patient who received SCNT-derived cells might still react against the cells' mitochondria, which act as the energy factories for the cell and have their own DNA. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
When transplanted back into the nucleus donor strain, the cells were rejected although there were only two single nucleotide substitutions in the mitochondrial DNA of these SCNT-derived cells compared to that of the nucleus donor. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
The immunological reactions reported in the new paper will be a consideration if clinicians ever use SCNT-derived stem cells in human therapy, but such reactions should not prevent their use. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)

These cells can only serve a specific purpose in a particular organ. (healthline.com)
They are still developing and they have the potential to become any of the major specialized cell types within that organ. (cbc.ca)
However, though BC is emerging as a potential organ transplant option, challenges regarding organ size scalability, immune system incompatibilities, long-term maintenance, potential evolutionary distance, or unveiled mechanisms between donor and host cells remain. (frontiersin.org)

The egg and sperm cells then divide in half. (chkd.org)
Each of those two cells is able to divide indefinitely, "so from a small vial of those cells we could grow up as many cells as we would ever want," Lanza says. (usf.edu)
The separated cells also have the tendency to divide. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
Stem cells divide, producing more stem cells, until they are triggered to specialize. (msdmanuals.com)
Then as they continue to divide, they become more and more specialized until they lose the ability to be anything but one kind of cell. (msdmanuals.com)

When a stem cell divides, it can either remain a stem cell or turn into a differentiated cell, such as a muscle cell or a red blood cell. (healthline.com)

Stem cells have also been found in amniotic fluid. (healthline.com)
However, more research is needed to help understand the potential uses of amniotic fluid stem cells. (healthline.com)
This is done by looking at cells in the amniotic fluid or from the placenta. (chkd.org)

When it comes to eggs, though, the success of in vitro fertilization has created a demand far exceeding supply. (discovermagazine.com)
During in vitro fertilization, sperm from the man and several eggs from the woman are placed in a culture dish. (msdmanuals.com)
In vitro studies based on MCF-7 cell proliferation and induction of vitellogenin in primary culture of rainbow trout hepatocytes. (cdc.gov)

All humans start out as only one cell. (healthline.com)
It also means that finally getting the sheep technology to work with cells from adult humans may not turn out to be a turning point for this technology, after all. (usf.edu)

And with a bit of coaxing, these cells could, theoretically, be prodded to turn into any sort of human cell - nerve, heart, liver and pancreas, for example. (usf.edu)
Others are already partially differentiated and can only become, for example, some kinds of nerve cell. (msdmanuals.com)

Human diploid cell rabies vaccine (HDCV)**: HDCV is an inactivated virus vaccine prepared from fixed rabies virus grown in WI-38 or MRC-5 human diploid cell culture. (cdc.gov)

Dendritic cells (DCs), including conventional DCs (cDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), serve as the sentinel cells of the immune system and are responsible for presenting antigen information. (bvsalud.org)
Previously unseen immune reaction identified for stem cell transplants. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
There was a thought that because the mitochondria were on the inside of the cell, they would not be exposed to the host's immune system. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
In addition, new stem cell technologies entail enlisting immune cells as anticancer agents. (pas.va)
Evidence from animal models shows that T cells can provide heterosubtypic protection and are crucial for immune control of influenza virus infections. (mdpi.com)
Overall primary concerns are: extrapolating human clinical studies, seeding durable effective T cell resident memory (Trm), population human leucocyte antigen (HLA) coverage, and the potential for T cell-mediated immune escape. (mdpi.com)
Rabies Immune Globulin, Human (RIG): RIG (Cutter Laboratories' HYPERAB(R) and Merieux Institutes' IMOGAM(R)) is antirabies gamma globulin concentrated by cold ethanol fractionation from plasma of hyperimmunized human donors. (cdc.gov)

Lanza's colleagues, including Young Gie Chung at the CHA Stem Cell Institute in Seoul, Korea (with labs in Los Angeles as well), now report success. (usf.edu)

The technology, should it find its way into fertility clinics, may reduce the number of donor gametes that are necessary, but it is likely to vastly increase the need for women to serve as surrogates, especially for same-sex males seeking to reproduce genetically, unless the creation of artificial wombs, currently an actively researched prospect, becomes a reality. (independentsciencenews.org)
Likewise, when the artificial sperm is inserted into the eggs of female mice, the female mice are able to conceive and deliver healthy pups, or baby mice. (thehealthboard.com)
Success rates for artificial insemination with donor sperm. (auxiliarfisioterapia.es)

In the United States those voluntary donors receive several thousand dollars for each harvest of eggs, and it is hard-earned pay. (discovermagazine.com)

a , Snuppy, the first cloned dog, at 67 days after birth (right), with the three-year-old male Afghan hound (left) whose somatic skin cells were used to clone him. (nature.com)
The resulting egg was implanted in the womb of a third sheep, and the result was Dolly, the first clone of a mammal. (usf.edu)

Now there is hope of leveling the reproductive playing field somewhat--several recent experiments promise to lead to a vast supply of human eggs. (discovermagazine.com)

When materials of animal skin origin are used, such must result in removal of these vaccine stocks. (cdc.gov)
However, multiple hurdles exist for the realisation of a universal T cell vaccine. (mdpi.com)
The vaccine grown on WI-38 cells and developed in the United States is inactivated with tri-n-butyl phosphate and B-propiolactone (Wyeth Laboratories' WYVAC(R)), while that grown in MRC-5 cells and developed in Europe is inactivated with B-propiolactone (Merieux Institute's RABIES VACCINE(R)). Both vaccines are supplied as 1.0 ml, single-dose vials of lyophilized vaccine with accompanying diluent. (cdc.gov)

The breakthrough may eventually put to rest the ethical controversy surrounding stem cells. (nih.gov)
The breakthrough has created a way to "de-differentiate" the stem cells. (healthline.com)
In December 1999, the editors of Science, the journal devoted to scientific and medical matters, called stem cell research the 'Breakthrough of the Year. (cbc.ca)

When a person has mitochondrial disease, the mitochondria in the cells are not producing enough energy. (familyeducation.com)

As mentioned above, sperm refers to the reproductive cells within semen, but the two terms are often used interchangeably. (thehealthboard.com)
She said the fact that her red blood cell count dropped so drastically that means she has an internal bleed somewhere and could potentially be from the sac's ripping her reproductive lining? (beardeddragon.org)

The first being a female gamete, known as the ovum (egg/oocyte). (wikipedia.org)
Inacuracy article of embrionic cells use, Anonymity of gamete donors? (bioethicsobservatory.org)

When sperm fertilizes egg, these singles unite to reform pairs, with half the genome coming from each parent. (learner.org)

Members of the frog Xenopus genus are versatile model organisms used in developmental biology, cell biology, neuroscience, and toxicology research, among others. (cshlpress.com)
There are protocols for analyses of Xenopus immunology, neurobiology, metamorphosis, and adult physiology. (cshlpress.com)

Anatomy26

Organisms7

Diseases11

Chemicals and Drugs8

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment19

Phenomena and Processes25

Technology, Industry, Agriculture5

Information Science2

Named Groups5

Health Care3

Embryos27

Bone marrow12

Genetically identical to the donor2

Embryo27

Tissues19

Organism11

Organs7

Pluripotent21

Oocytes6

Somatic cell nucleus2

Identical10

Behave like embryonic stem2

Germ cells5

Recipients2

Therapeutic3

Ovarian4

Regenerative medicine1

Zygote4

Reprogram2

Nuclei2

Genetic material4

Ovaries10

Cloning14

Genes12

Scientists14

Researchers5

Nuclear9

Blastocyst1

Therapies3

Viable3

Fibroblasts1

Transplantation4

Embryonic development1

Molecular1

Body39

Children and adults1

Tissue10

Diseases7

Replacing the nucleus1

SCNT5

Organ3

Divide5

Divides1

Amniotic fluid3

Vitro3

Humans2

Nerve2

Diploid cell1

Immune7

Stem Cell Institute1

Artificial3

Several thousand1

Clone2

Supply of human eggs1

Vaccine3

Breakthrough3

Mitochondria1

Reproductive2

Gamete2

Sperm fertilizes1

Xenopus2